L'age d'Aicha: Difference between revisions

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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|382}}|Rapporté par Jabir : "Le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) m'a dit : "Es-tu marié Ô Jabir ?" J'ai répondu, "Oui." Il a demandé "Qu'est-ce, une vierge [bikr] ou une matrone [thayyib] ?" J'ai répondu, "Pas une vierge mais une matrone." Il dit, "Pourquoi n'as-tu pas épousé une jeune fille [jariyah] qui t'aurait tripoté ?"}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|382}}|Rapporté par Jabir : "Le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) m'a dit : "Es-tu marié Ô Jabir ?" J'ai répondu, "Oui." Il a demandé "Qu'est-ce, une vierge [bikr] ou une matrone [thayyib] ?" J'ai répondu, "Pas une vierge mais une matrone." Il dit, "Pourquoi n'as-tu pas épousé une jeune fille [jariyah] qui t'aurait tripoté ?"}}


Shaykh Haddad says regarding the claim, "This is ignorant nonsense, bikr means a virgin girl, a girl who has never been married even if her age is 0 and there is no unclarity here whatsoever.".<ref name="Haddad" />
Cheikh Haddad dit à propos de cette revendication : "C’est absurde, bikr signifie une fille vierge, une fille qui n’a jamais été mariée même si son âge est de 0 an, il n’y a donc aucune incertitude ici."<ref name="Haddad" />


===Fatima's age difference===
===La différence d'âge de Fatima===
This claim is that according to ibn Hajar, Fatima was five years older than Aisha and Muhammad was 35 years old when Fatima was born. Therefore, based on this claim, Aisha must have been a teenager at the time her marriage was consummated.
Selon ibn Hajar, Fatima avait cinq ans de plus qu'Aicha et Muhammad avait 35 ans quand Fatima est née. Par conséquent, selon cette allégation, Aicha devait être adolescente au moment où son mariage a été consommé.


However, the proponent of this claim<ref name="Amjad" /> has combined and selectively quoted conflicting sources. Shaykh Haddad responds:
Cependant, l’auteur de cette affirmation<ref name="Amjad" /> a combiné et cité de façon sélective des sources contradictoires. Cheikh Haddad répond :


{{Quote|<ref name="Haddad" />|Ibn Hajar mentions two versions: (1) al-Waqidi's narration that Fatima was born when the Prophet was 35; and (2) Ibn `Abd al-Barr's narration that she was born when he was 41, approximately one year more or less before Prophethood, and about five years before `A'isha was born. The latter version matches the established dates.}}
{{Quote|<ref name="Haddad" />|Ibn Hajar mentionne deux versions : (1) le récit d'al-Waqidi selon lequel Fatima est née quand le Prophète avait 35 ans ; et (2) le récit d'Ibn `Abd al-Barr selon lequel elle est née quand il avait 41 ans, environ un an plus ou moins avant la prophétie, et environ cinq ans avant la naissance d’Aicha. Cette dernière version correspond aux dates établies.}}
===Le hadith qui dit qu'Aicha avait atteint la puberté===
Cet argument est basé sur le hadith 465 du volume 1, livre 8 du Sahih Bukhari qui a été mal traduit. Dans une traduction anglaise, il est indiqué qu’Aicha avait vu ses parents suivre l’islam depuis l’âge de la puberté, et pas un jour ne passait sans que Muhammad ne leur rende visite.{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|8|465}}|Rapporté par Aicha (la femme du Prophète) : J’avais vu mes parents suivre l’islam depuis que j’avais atteint l’âge de la puberté. Pas un jour ne passait sans que le Prophète (ﷺ) nous rende visite, matin et soir[...]}}Cependant, le mot أَعْقِلْ signifie pensées ou raisonnement, mais le traducteur, Muhsin Khan, a utilisé le mot 'puberté'. La signification est simplement qu’Aicha était consciente que ses parents suivaient l’islam. Une traduction littérale serait "Je n'étais pas consciente de mes parents si ce n'est qu'ils reconnaissaient tous les deux la religion". La même phrase arabe est traduite correctement par le même traducteur dans un autre récit du même hadith.<ref>Rapporté par Aicha (l’épouse du Prophète) : Depuis que j’ai atteint l’âge où je pouvais me souvenir des choses, j’ai vu mes parents en adoration selon la bonne foi de l’Islam. Pas un jour ne passait sans que le Prophète (ﷺ) nous rende visite, matin et soir...


{{Bukhari|3|37|494}}</ref>
===Le hadith dans lequel Aicha a ses menstrues===
Cet argument est aussi basé sur un hadith mal traduit. Il s’agit du 4915 du Sunan d’Abu Dawud (numéroté 4933 dans la version anglaise Dar-us-Salam avec les notes du professeur Ahmad Hasan).{{Quote|{{Abudawud||4915|hasan}}|Rapporté par Aicha, la Ummul Mu'minin (Mère des Croyants) :<br>
Le Messager d'Allah (ﷺ) m'a épousé quand j'avais sept ou six ans. Quand nous sommes arrivés à Médine, des femmes sont venues. Selon la version de Bishr : Umm Ruman est venu me voir quand je me balançais. Elles m’ont prise, m’ont préparée et m’ont habillée. J’ai ensuite été amenée au Messager d’Allah (ﷺ) et il s’est mis à cohabiter avec moi quand j'avais neuf ans. Elle m’a arrêtée à la porte et j’ai éclaté de rire. Abu Dawud a dit : C’est-à-dire : J’ai eu mes règles, et on m’a amené dans une maison, et il y avait des femmes parmi les Ansars à l’intérieur. Elles ont dit : Bonne chance et bénédiction. La tradition de l’un d’eux a été inclus dans l’autre.}}Ahmad Hasan traduit mal le commentaire d'Abu Dawud comme "C'est-à-dire : j'ai eu mes règles". La phrase d'Aicha "j'ai éclaté de rire" est fa-qultu heeh heeh (فَقُلْتُ هِيهْ هِيهْ), "Et j'ai dit heh, heh". L'édition anglais-arabe Dar-us-Salam du Sunan d’Abu Dawud traduite par Nasiruddin al-Khattab rend ici les paroles d’Aicha : "Elle m'a fait rester à la porte et j'ai commencé à respirer profondément" (Dar-us-Salam n’inclut pas le commentaire d’Abu Dawud).


<ref>nun-fa-sin - [https://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/25_n/208_nfs.html Lane's Lexicon]</ref>
Abu Dawud's comment is ay tanaffasat (أَىْ تَنَفَّسَتْ), which is "That is to say 'I breathed'". The verb nun-fa-sin is used here in Arabic form V with the ta prefix and shadda (doubled) middle letter, which Lane's Lexicon says means "breathed". Form I can mean menstruated, but that is not the form used in the hadith.
===Aisha remembered the migration setting out to Abyssinia===
Another hadith has been commonly misinterpreted in order to claim that Aisha remembered Muhammad coming to Abu Bakr when it was time to migrate to Abyssinia (modern day Ethiopia). This forced migration occurred due to what Urwa b. al-Zubayr in his first letter describes as the first persecution (''al-fitnah al-ūlā'') in Mecca, before the migration some years later to Medina.
The hadith itself does not state which migration it relates too.{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|348}}|Narrated Aisha:
Rarely did the Prophet (ﷺ) fail to visit Abu Bakr's house everyday, either in the morning or in the evening. When the permission for migration to Medina was granted, all of a sudden the Prophet (ﷺ) came to us at noon and Abu Bakr was informed, who said, "Certainly the Prophet (ﷺ) has come for some urgent matter." The Prophet (ﷺ) said to Abu Bakr, when the latter entered "Let nobody stay in your home." Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! There are only my two daughters (namely `Aisha and Asma') present." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "I feel (am informed) that I have been granted the permission for migration." Abu Bakr said, "I will accompany you, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)!" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will accompany me." Abu Bakr then said "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I have two she-camels I have prepared specially for migration, so I offer you one of them. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "I have accepted it on the condition that I will pay its price."}}Another hadith shows clearly that the above hadith actually refers to the migration to Medina, not Abyssinia. Notice the similar phrasing about Muhammad coming to Abu Bakr at noon after being granted permission to migrate, the two she-camels which Abu Bakr had prepared and the general setting. At the end of the quote Medina is mentioned.{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|419}}|Narrated `Aisha:
Abu Bakr asked the Prophet (ﷺ) to allow him to go out (of Mecca) when he was greatly annoyed (by the infidels). But the Prophet (ﷺ) said to him, "Wait." Abu Bakr said, O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! Do you hope that you will be allowed (to migrate)?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "I hope so." So Abu Bakr waited for him till one day Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came at noon time and addressed him saying "Let whoever is present with you, now leave you." Abu Bakr said, "None is present but my two daughters." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Have you noticed that I have been allowed to go out (to migrate)?" Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Apostle, I would like to accompany you." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will accompany me." Abu Bakr said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! I have got two she-camels which I had prepared and kept ready for (our) going out." So he gave one of the two (she-camels) to the Prophet (ﷺ) and it was Al-Jad`a. They both rode and proceeded till they reached the Cave at the mountain of Thaur where they hid themselves. Amir bin Fuhaira was the slave of `Abdullah bin at-Tufail bin Sakhbara `Aisha's brother from her mother's side. Abu Bakr had a milch she-camel. Amir used to go with it (i.e. the milch she-camel) in the afternoon and come back to them before noon by setting out towards them in the early morning when it was still dark and then he would take it to the pasture so that none of the shepherds would be aware of his job. When the Prophet (and Abu Bakr) went away (from the Cave), he (i.e. 'Amir) too went along with them and they both used to make him ride at the back of their camels in turns till they reached Medina. [...]}}
==Apologetic justifications for the marriage==
==Apologetic justifications for the marriage==
A number of claims are commonly made in Muhammad's defence by those who accept the traditional account that he married Aisha when she was six and consummated the marriage when she was nine, Muhammad at that time being a fifty-three year old man. These claims are widely criticised both by Muslims who reject the authenticity of the relevant hadiths, as well as by many other people, whatever their stance on the historicity of the story.
A number of claims are commonly made in Muhammad's defence by those who accept the traditional account that he married Aisha when she was six and consummated the marriage when she was nine, Muhammad at that time being a fifty-three year old man. These claims are widely criticised both by Muslims who reject the authenticity of the relevant hadiths, as well as by many other people, whatever their stance on the historicity of the story.
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