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...</ref> It contains some of the earliest non-Muslim references to Prophet [[Muhammad]]. In the following excerpt, Muhammad is referred to as "the Son-of-Slaughter, the Arab", "the most degraded of f

...bah when the Ka'bah had been destroyed and rebuilt by the Meccans prior to Muhammad's proclamation of prophethood. ...N 9780691032672</ref><ref>Cyril Glasse - [http://search.barnesandnoble.com/books/product.aspx?isbn=0759101906 New Encyclopedia of Islam: A Revised Edition o

...fore obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded; and (as to) those on whose part you fear desertion, admonish them, and leave them alone in the s ...icity according to traditional scholars of hadith, below ''sahih'') quotes Muhammad saying that a man should not be asked why he beats his wife:

...e its own [[Qur'anic Christology|Christological vision]] of Jesus' mission on earth and his incarnation in the virgin Mary. Islamic holy literature inclu ...evel as the prophet Muhammad in this regard. This is, in effect, an attack on the trinitarian, god-unity conception of him in orthodox Christianity, whic

...fore obedient, guarding the unseen as Allah has guarded; and (as to) those on whose part you fear desertion, admonish them, and leave them alone in the s .... The next day he said: ''''Last night seventy women came to the family of Muhammad, each woman complaining about her husband. You will not find that those are

...law, they are obligated to conduct their own lives in accordance with it, on penalty of torturous punishment in the hereafter, alongside unbelievers. ...oadly speaking, the four schools agree where there is explicit instruction on a legal matter in scripture deemed authentic, and differ where there isn't.

==Muhammad and Polygamy== According to traditional sources, [[Muhammad]] practiced polygamy. Besides the numerous concubines, he married fifteen w

...many of the stories one finds in the Qur'an do not come from the canonical books of the Christian or Jewish bibles, but often from secondary apocryphal and ...dismissed its verses as "tales of the ancients" and even used to approach Muhammad with the allegation. These verses occur in the Meccan surahs, where his mes

...often reflect a later period, and use particular verses and examples from Muhammad's life to argue that friendship with non-Muslims is permitted in most circu ...will pray for forgiveness for thee, though I have no power (to get) aught on thy behalf from Allah." (They prayed): "Our Lord! in Thee do we trust, and

...]]</ref> Apostasy is also famously one of only three reasons, according to Muhammad, for which killing a Muslim is permitted.<ref>M. Muhsin Khan (Translator) - ...as held to be in what was essentially a perpetual state of conquest, based on the [[Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abodes of War and Peace)|Dar al-Har

...the '' Taurat/Tawrah '' ( توراة ) referring to the Torah - the first five books of the Jewish Bible (also known as the Pentateuch); found in the Old Testam ...on. Ayah 6-7 thus reads; ''"Guide us to the Straight Way. The Way of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace, not (the way) of those who earned Your A

...ore hadiths were compiled in writing in the period 150-200 years following Muhammad's death. While Islamic scholars to this day place great faith in the histor ...aled by the angel [[Jibreel (Angel Gabriel)|Jibreel (Gabriel)]] to Prophet Muhammad over a period of twenty-three years.<ref>''Living Religions: An Encyclopaed

...hould not take infidels as friends and protectors. The [[hadith]] portrays Muhammad as being skeptical of inter-faith friendships, and the scholars are very vo ...will pray for forgiveness for thee, though I have no power (to get) aught on thy behalf from Allah." (They prayed): "Our Lord! in Thee do we trust, and

...lah-fearing. He said: I am only a messenger of thy Lord, that I may bestow on thee a faultless son. She said: How can I have a son when no mortal hath to ...by His leave. Lo! He is Exalted, Wise. And thus have We inspired in thee (Muhammad) a Spirit of Our command. Thou knewest not what the Scripture was, nor what

...reject the [[Hadith]] (oral traditions) and the [[Sunnah]] (example) of [[Muhammad]], an integral part of Islam, and are viewed by mainstream Islam in much th ...f>[http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter1b/14.html al-Azhar Verdict on the Shia] - Shi'ite Encyclopedia v2.0, Al-islam</ref> Qur'anists are not Mu

...amic [[Ummah]] (body of Muslim believers) who serves as the successor to [[Muhammad]], the founder of [[Islam]], in all matters of political and religious deci ===Upon Muhammad's death (632)===

...]]</ref> Apostasy is also famously one of only three reasons, according to Muhammad, for which killing a Muslim is permitted.<ref>M. Muhsin Khan (Translator) - ...as held to be in what was essentially a perpetual state of conquest, based on the [[Dar al-Harb and Dar al-Islam (the Abodes of War and Peace)|Dar al-Har

...evil inclinations. Though this distinction was retroactively attributed to Muhammad himself, it is clear from the historical record that most rulers (and many During Prophet [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] lifetime, and onward to the present, the word 'Jihad' was, and is, almo

...holars there is virtual unanimity that the Quran does not in fact describe Muhammad or his people as illiterate, and that this was a reinterpretation arising s During Muhammad's time, his critics called him "an ear" (أذن, ''udhun''), which is confi

...lisher=Andhra Legal Decisions |page=3,71,142 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N24mAQAAIAAJ&q=bestiality+zina |language=en}}</ref> ...ot present in the Quran, but is based rather on hadiths (see [[stoning]]). On this basis the Quranic punishment of 100 lashes was interpreted as applying