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All Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith: Difference between revisions

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All Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith (view source)

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This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi.
This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in [[Old Hijazi]]. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi].


Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.
Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.


The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include signs that show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a sign in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:
The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include marks which show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a mark in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:


Q3:20 So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|20}}|
فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ ۗ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّۦنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ ۚ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ
 
So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.}}




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The type of the pause and its position are the work of scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. But to keep things simple, we didn’t count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.
The type of the pause and its position are the work of the scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. To keep things simple, this article does not count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.


In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:
In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span>  Q57:25
{{Quote|{{Quran|57|25}}|


Old Hijazi:            wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ lin-nās...
وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ


Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...
Old Hijazi: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;  wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ lin-nās...


Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...}}


'''The Rhyming Quality'''


'''High quality:''' That’s when the two rhyming words share the same final vowel and final consonant. Such as:
'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes'''


عليم حكيم  ʕalīm ḥakīm (15 attestations)
1- Individual instances. This includes 78 unique examples (96 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.


The two words share the same final vowel (ī) and the same final consonant (m). The fact that the rest of the two words share the same vowel and the same arrangement of consonants makes the rhyming quality perfect:
2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (50 with repetition) examples  where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 25 unique ones, 234 counting repeated occurrences.


Consonant + a + consonant + ī + m
<br />
 
'''Normal quality:''' That’s when the two rhyming words don’t share the same final consonant, but they share the same vowels and the same arrangement of consonants. Such as:
 
عزيز حكيم ʕazīz ḥakīm (13 attestations)
 
The two words follow the same scheme: Consonant + a + Consonant + ī + Consonant


==A list of Individual Instances of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==


'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes'''


1- Individual instances. They include 76 unique high quality Old Hijazi internal rhymes. With repetition they are 94 ones. As for individual instances of normal quality internal rhymes, they were so many that the wikiislam team just collected the strongest 22 unique ones.
<big>'''A- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words share identical final consonants:'''</big>


2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 6 unique high quality internal rhymes, 48 with repetition. As for normal quality internal rhymes of this type (verse-final attributes of Allah), there are 26 unique ones, 236 with repetition.
<br />
==A list of Individual Instances of High-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5


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Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn.
Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn.
Note: Due to the strong similarity between the "n" and "m" sounds, the Quran doesn't distinguish between the two when it comes to rhymes as seen for example in the first Surah of the Quran whose verse-final words are: al-ʕālamīn, ar-raḥīm, ad-dīn, nastaʕīn, al-mustaqīm, aḍ-ḍāllīn.




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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ <u>عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q2:104 Q58:4
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q2:104 Q58:4


OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u>
OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u>
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q2:166
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q2:166


OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihum ǝl-<u>asbāb</u>
OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihumu l-<u>asbāb</u>


CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-<u>asbāb</u>
CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-ʾ<u>asbāb</u>




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Q2:185,186  
Q2:185,186  


OH:  shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> ǝl-ladhi unzil fīh <u>ǝl-qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min ǝl-hudē <u>wal-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahid minkum ǝsh-shahr failyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīd ǝllah bikum ǝl-yusr walā yurīd bikum ǝl-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.
OH:  shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> al-ladhi unzil fīhu <u>l-qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min al-hudē <u>wal-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahid minkumu sh-shahr fa-liyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīd allah bikumu l-yusr walā yurīd bikumu l-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.


CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.
CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ <u>‌نَاصِرِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q3:91 16
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ <u>‌نَاصِرِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q3:91 16


OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn
OH: ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u>


CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn
CA: ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīmun</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u>




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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span>  Q3:155
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span>  Q3:155


OH: yawm ǝltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ǝsh-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā…
OH: yawm altaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ash-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā…


CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā…
CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā…
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span>  Q3:181
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span>  Q3:181


OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahum ǝl-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq.
OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq.


CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq.
CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq.
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى <u>‌الدَّارِ۝</u>﴾</span> Q13:42
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى <u>‌الدَّارِ۝</u>﴾</span> Q13:42


OH: wasayaʕlam <u>ǝl-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>
OH: wasayaʕlam <u>al-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>


CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>
CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q26:91
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q26:91


OH: wa burrizat <u>ǝl-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u>
OH: wa burrizat <u>al-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u>


CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u>
CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u>
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span>   Q29:41
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span>   Q29:41


OH: wa inn awhan <u>ǝl-buyūt</u> labayt <u>ǝl-ʕankabūt</u>
OH: wa inn awhan <u>al-buyūt</u> labayt <u>al-ʕankabūt</u>


CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u>
CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u>
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾</span>   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q56:3
 
OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah
 
CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah
 
 
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾</span>   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten And Phillip Stokes


OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā
OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā
Line 540: Line 541:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q80:42
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q80:42


OH: hum ǝl-kafarah ǝl-fajarh
OH: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah


CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarh
CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah
 
 
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q88:3
 
OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah
 
CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah




Line 561: Line 569:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝</u>﴾</span>   Q107:7
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝</u>﴾</span>   Q107:7


OH: wa yamnaʕūn ǝl-māʕūn
OH: wa yamnaʕūn al-māʕūn


CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn
CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn
Line 574: Line 582:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q114:4
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q114:4


OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās
OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās


CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās
CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās
Line 580: Line 588:
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==Individual Instances of Normal-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==
'''<big>B- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants.</big>'''
 
Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples:
Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples:


Line 638: Line 647:


CA: madhmūman makhdhūlā
CA: madhmūman makhdhūlā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ ‌<u>زَوْجٍ ‌بَهِيجٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q22:5, 50:7
OH: zawj bahīj
CA: zawjin bahīj




Line 661: Line 663:




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q36:73
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌<u>مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ</u> ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q36:73


OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib
OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib
Line 677: Line 679:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ ‌<u>الْعَزِيزُ ‌الْكَرِيمُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q44:49
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ ‌<u>الْعَزِيزُ ‌الْكَرِيمُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q44:49


OH: ant ǝl-ʕazīz ǝl-karīm
OH: ant al-ʕazīz al-karīm


CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm
CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm
Line 696: Line 698:


CA: l-jalāli wal-ʾikram
CA: l-jalāli wal-ʾikram
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q56:3
OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah
CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q56:42
OH: samūm waḥamīm
CA: samūmin waḥamīm




Line 717: Line 705:


CA: kathīban mahīlā
CA: kathīban mahīlā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q88:3
OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah
CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah




Line 733: Line 714:


CA: …aklan lammā۝…ḥubban jammā۝…dakkan dakkā۝…ṣaffan ṣaffā۝
CA: …aklan lammā۝…ḥubban jammā۝…dakkan dakkā۝…ṣaffan ṣaffā۝
'''<big>C- Some examples of Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final long vowels.</big>'''




Line 741: Line 724:
CA: khayrin faqīr
CA: khayrin faqīr


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ ‌<u>زَوْجٍ ‌بَهِيجٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q22:5, 50:7
OH: zawj bahīj
CA: zawjin bahīj
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q56:42
OH: samūm waḥamīm
CA: samūmin waḥamīm
==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==
==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==
'''<big>A- The two words share an identical final consonant.</big>'''


===High-Quality Internal Rhymes===
ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110)
ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110)


    ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170)
    ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170)


    al-ʕalīm ǝl-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise”  (4, such as: 12:83,100)
    al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise”  (4, such as: 12:83,100)


ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower”  (5, such as 6:83,128,139)
ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower”  (5, such as 6:83,128,139)


    al-ḥakīm ǝl-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30)
    al-ḥakīm al-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30)


ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23)
ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23)
Line 763: Line 759:


    khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96)
    khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96)
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)


qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب  “Near, Responsive” (11:61)
qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب  “Near, Responsive” (11:61)
Line 768: Line 768:
ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73)
ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73)


===Normal-Quality Internal Rhymes===
===B- The two words don't share an identical final consonant.===
Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words (external rhymes), the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. Thus it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm.
 
ghafūr raḥīm  غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192)
ghafūr raḥīm  غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192)


      ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106)
      ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106)


      al-ghafūr ǝr-raḥīm   الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8)
      al-ghafūr ar-raḥīm   الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8)


ar-raḥīm ǝl-ghafūr  الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2)
ar-raḥīm al-ghafūr  الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2)


ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63)
ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63)
Line 781: Line 783:
      ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165)
      ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165)


      al-ʕazīz ǝl-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62)
      al-ʕazīz al-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62)


samīʕ ʕalīm  سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53)
samīʕ ʕalīm  سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53)


     as-samīʕ ǝl-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137)
     as-samīʕ al-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137)


al-ʕazīz ǝr-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104)
al-ʕazīz ar-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104)


raūf raḥīm  رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47)
raūf raḥīm  رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47)
Line 799: Line 801:
    ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35)
    ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35)


    al-ʕalīm ǝl-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3)
    al-ʕalīm al-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3)


ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1)
ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1)


   al-ḥakīm ǝl-khabīr   الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1)
   al-ḥakīm al-khabīr   الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1)


laṭīf khabīr  لطيف خبير  “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16)
laṭīf khabīr  لطيف خبير  “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16)
Line 809: Line 811:
     laṭīfā khabīrā   لطيفا خبيرا  (33:34)
     laṭīfā khabīrā   لطيفا خبيرا  (33:34)


     al-laṭīf ǝl-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14)
     al-laṭīf al-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14)


al- azīz ǝl-ʕalīm  العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78)
al- azīz al-ʕalīm  العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78)


al-ʕazīz ǝl-ḥamīd  العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8)  
al-ʕazīz al-ḥamīd  العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8)  


samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61)
samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61)
Line 819: Line 821:
    samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58)
    samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58)


    as-samīʕ ǝl-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20)
    as-samīʕ al-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20)


ʕalīm qadīr  عليم قدير  “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50)
ʕalīm qadīr  عليم قدير  “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50)
Line 825: Line 827:
   ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا  (35:44)
   ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا  (35:44)


    al-ʕalīm ǝl-qadīr العليم القدير   (30:54)
    al-ʕalīm al-qadīr العليم القدير   (30:54)


ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
Line 833: Line 835:
ʕazīz ghafūr  عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28)
ʕazīz ghafūr  عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28)


  al- azīz ǝl-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2)
  al- azīz al-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2)


raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90)
raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90)
Line 841: Line 843:
shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17)
shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17)


al-ghafūr ǝl-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14)
al-ghafūr al-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14)


samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50)
samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50)
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==A list of High-Quality Internal Rhymes in Hadith==
==Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in Hadith==
Note: Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus it wasn’t possible to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way the wikiislam team did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, we looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes.
Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus, it wasn’t possible for Idris Al-Arabi to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way he did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, Idris looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes.




Line 861: Line 863:




The second example is from a very popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer:
The second example is from a popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer (adhān):


أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا ‌<u>الوَسِيلَةَ ‌وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا ‌<u>الوَسِيلَةَ ‌وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية
Line 885: Line 887:
Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ ‏</u>"‏ ‏.
Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ ‏</u>"‏ ‏.


OH: min <u>ǝl-shiqāq wal-nifāq</u> wa suww <u>ǝl-akhlāq</u>
OH: min <u>al-shiqāq wal-nifāq</u> wa suww <u>al-akhlāq</u>


CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u>
CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u>
Line 894: Line 896:
Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span>  
Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span>  


OH: ǝnfasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ
OH: infasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ


CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ
CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ
Line 932: Line 934:
Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>‌تَقِيًّا ‌نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span>
Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>‌تَقِيًّا ‌نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span>


OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min ǝl-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā.
OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min al-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā.


CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā.
CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā.
Line 961: Line 963:
Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ ‌<u>الْهَمِّ ‌وَالْغَمِّ</u> "
Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ ‌<u>الْهَمِّ ‌وَالْغَمِّ</u> "


OH: min ǝl-hamm wal-ghamm
OH: min al-hamm wal-ghamm


CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm
CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm
Line 988: Line 990:
Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ‌<u>الْكُفْرِ ‌وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»
Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ‌<u>الْكُفْرِ ‌وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»


OH: min <u>ǝl-kufr wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhāb ǝl-qabr (pause)
OH: min <u>al-kufr wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhāb al-qabr (pause)


CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause)
CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause)
Line 1,005: Line 1,007:
CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih
CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih


 
==External Links==
Idris AlArabi--[https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html A list of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith]
==References==
<references />
<references />
Iarabi
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