Prophecies in the Hadith

Muhammad's prophecies are predictions written hundreds of years after Muhammad's death and attributed to him. Many prophecies are considered "signs of the Hour" (Islamic eschatology). Some prophecies are general statements that fit on times even before Islam, other prophecies predict early Islamic history (which happened before the predictions were written) and some prophecies (most of them unfulfilled) predict the future after the hadiths were written.

Prophecies in this article are from the hadiths. Quranic prophecies have a separate article.

Signs of the Hour

"The Hour" (الساعة) refers to a period of time on the Day of Judgement.

And the Day the Hour appears the criminals will swear they had remained but an hour. Thus they were deluded."


Signs of the Hour indicate that the Hour (and the end of the world) is coming. They were divided by scholars into minor and major. The major signs are contained in this hadith:

Hudhaifa b. Usaid al-Ghifari reported:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came to us all of a sudden as we were (busy in a discussion). He said: What do you discuss about? They (the Companions) said. We are discussing about the Last Hour. Thereupon he said: It will not come until you see ten signs before and (in this connection) he made a mention of the smoke, Dajjal, the beast, the rising of the sun from the west, the descent of Jesus son of Mary (Allah be pleased with him), the Gog and Magog, and land-slides in three places, one in the east, one in the west and one in Arabia at the end of which fire would burn forth from the Yemen, and would drive people to the place of their assembly.


The minor signs indicate that the Hour is "getting closer", while the major signs indicate that the Hour will happen immediately after them. The first major sign is coming of the Dajjal and Muhammad thought that it might happen during his life.[1]

  • 7th century Arabs didn't have the concept of "an hour" meaning 60 minutes. An hour (ساعة) just meant a period of time [shorter than a day]. [2]
  • Most prophecies are linked to the Hour

Characteristics

  • Geographical locations mentioned in the predictions are limited to locations known to Muhammad. There's no prediction for America, China or Russia, although they are important superpowers of history.
  • Predictions don't have the time when they are supposed to happen. So even if it doesn't happen, Muslim can still believe it will happen in the future. For example the conquest of Constantinople was predicted to happen without fighting. But it was conquered by fighting, so some Muslims think that this wasn't what was predicted and there will be another conquest of Constantinople that will get it right.
  • The predictions were getting fulfilled only while there were in form of "oral traditions". After the predictions were written, almost no prediction was newly fulfilled

Deceptive tactics of apologists

Deceptive tactics used by apologists in relation to the prophecies are:

  • Ignoring that the hadith is weak (daif). Sometimes the sources are not even mentioned.
  • Pretending that the predicted things didn't happen before they were written, while in fact they did happen
  • Pretending that the predicted things started happening just now and that the prophecy amazingly fits on our time, although other apologists hundreds of years ago said the same thing in their time
  • Pretending that a prophecy would be hard to guess for Muhammad, while in fact it wouldn't be that hard to guess
  • Pretending that Muslims getting rich refers specifically to getting rich by selling oil (which Muhammad couldn't have known) although it could be interpreted more easily as getting rich from early Islamic conquests
  • "It can't be man-made, therefore it's god-made". Even if there were prophecies which would require knowledge from supernatural source, it doesn't necessarily mean that the source is god. It might have been from Satan, who also has more ability than humans. Or it might have been magic. There are many supernatural concepts.
  • Prophecies of god's punishments for certain acts are considered fulfilled, although the causation between the act and the punishment is not clearly proven. Just because people are dishonest/disbelieving/immoral and there are diseases/floods/wars, it doesn't mean that one caused the other
  • Presenting hadith that is mawqoof as being from Muhammad
  • Re-interpreting failed prophecies as metaphors
  • Telling a lot of details and making it seem that they are a part of the hadith when in fact they are not a part of the hadith
  • Not quoting the hadith, presenting only "summarized" version with unfitting details omitted or even with added new details
  • Muhammad predicted that Islam will disappear and also that it will be widespread. Apologists use one of the two prophecies depending on what fits them and they hide the fact that Muhammad predicted the exact opposite as well.
  • Being quiet about problematic prophecies which clearly didn't come true
  • Mistranslation

Predictions of what already happened before the hadiths were written

The hadith collections were written, often by Persian authors, many years after the death of Muhammad. So when the hadiths contain a prophecy about early Islamic history, it might be attributed to Muhamamd after the fact. This category also includes things that always happened, even before Islam (earthquakes, wars, people being dishonest...).

It's questionable whether "prophecies" in this category could be considered prophecies when they don't say anything new.

30 false prophets

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:

The Last Hour would not come until there would arise about thirty impostors, liars, and each one of them would claim that he is a messenger of Allah.


The idea of false prophets was nothing new. Muhammad himself was among many self-proclaimed prophets and even in his time there were other prophet like Saf ibn Sayyad and Maslamah bin Ḥabīb (called by Muslims "Musaylimah al-Kadhdhāb" (Musaylama the Liar)), Al-Aswad Al-Ansi and Tulayha.

Muhammad predicted that there were will be around 30 false prophets, but there were much more self-proclaimed prophets and the Hour didn't come, so it's one of Muhammad's failed prophecies.

Prediction of false prophets was also nothing new. False prophets were already predicted in the Bible, hundreds of years before Muhammad:

At that time many will turn away from the faith and will betray and hate each other, and many false prophets will appear and deceive many people.


The Bible (NIV), Matthew 24:10-11

The caliphate will last 30 years

Sa'eed bin Jumhan narrated: "Safinah narrated to me, he said: 'The Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: "Al-Khilafah will be in my Ummah for thirty years, then there will be monarchy after that."' Then Safinah said to me: 'Count the Khilafah of Abu Bakr,' then he said: 'Count the Khilafah of 'Umar and the Khilafah of 'Uthman.' Then he said to me: 'Count the Khilafah of 'Ali."' He said: "So we found that they add up to thirty years." Sa'eed said: "I said to him: 'Banu Umaiyyah claim that the Khilafah is among them.' He said: 'Banu Az-Zarqa' lie, rather they are a monarchy, among the worst of monarchies."'


  • The first caliphate lasted from 632-661, which is 29 years, not 30
  • Tirmidhi, author of this hadith collection, was born in 824, more than 100 years after the end of the caliphate
  • The hadith in it's text is in the context of discussion about previous caliphates
  • The political system after the first caliphate, was still called a caliphate. There was some form of caliphate until the 20th century

"Prophet, siddiq and two martyrs"

Notice that the future caliphs happen to be mentioned in the order in which they will be caliphs (as if it was written later by someone who already knew the order):

Narrated Anas bin Malik:

The Prophet (ﷺ) ascended the mountain of Uhud and he was accompanied by Abu Bakr, `Umar and `Uthman. The mountain shook beneath them. The Prophet (ﷺ) hit it with his foot and said, "O Uhud ! Be firm, for on you there is none but a Prophet, a Siddiq and a martyr (i.e. and two martyrs).


The hadith was interpreted as a vague prediction that Abu Bakr will die naturally and Umar and Uthman will be killed. The 3 caliphs were in the 7th century, but Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.

Khawarij

According to Islamic scholars, this hadith is about the coming of the Khawarij:

It was narrated that 'Ali said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah [SAW] say: 'At the end of time there will appear young people with foolish minds. Their faith will not pass through their throats, and they will go out of Islam as an arrow goes through the target. If you meet them, then kill them, for killing them will bring reward to the one who killed them on the Day of Resurrection.'"


Sunan An-Nasa'i Vol. 5, Book 37, Hadith 4107

Khawarij ("The Leavers") left the army of the caliph Ali in the middle of the 7th century. The "prediction" was written in the middle of the 9th century, two hundred years later.

The prophecy says "at the end of time", but Khawarij appeared more than a thousand years ago and the end of times didn't come. This is one of many failed prophecies.

Places of killed people at the battle of Badr

..Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: This is the place where so and so would be killed. He placed his hand on the earth (saying) here and here; (and) none of them fell away from the place which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had indicated by placing his hand on the earth.


Sahih Muslim Book 19, Hadith 4394

Battle of Badr was in the 7th century. Author of this hadith collection was born in the 9th century.

Earthquakes will increase

It's a part of a big hadith as one of the signs of the end of the world:

.. and earthquakes will increase in number..


There were always earthquakes, increasing and decreasing. There is a report that earthquake happened also during the life of Muhammad:

He [the Prophet (ﷺ)] prayed during an earthquake six bowings and four prostrations, and said, "This is the way the Prayer of the Signs (of Allah) is offered.


Earthquakes were also already predicted in the Bible:

When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be frightened. These things must happen first, but the end will not come right away.”

Then he said to them: “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be great earthquakes, famines and pestilences in various places, and fearful events and great signs from heaven.


Luke 21:9-11

Muhammad's death

Muhammad predicted that he will die. The prediction doesn't contain any specific information about his death:

I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Ghazwa of Tabuk while he was sitting in a leather tent. He said, "Count six signs that indicate the approach of the Hour: my death, the conquest of Jerusalem, a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep, the increase of wealth to such an extent that even if one is given one hundred Dinars, he will not be satisfied; then an affliction which no Arab house will escape, and then a truce between you and Bani Al-Asfar (i.e. the Byzantines) who will betray you and attack you under eighty flags. Under each flag will be twelve thousand soldiers.


All people that lived before Muhammad eventually died. He could observe dying of people around him. There's nothing special about predicting that he will eventually die too, just like all other human beings.

The context is that it will be a sign that the Hour is coming. But Muhammad died more than a thousand years ago and the Hour didn't come.

Sexual immorality (abominations)

It was narrated that ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to us and said: ‘O Muhajirun, there are five things with which you will be tested, and I seek refuge with Allah lest you live to see them: Immorality never appears among a people to such an extent that they commit it openly, but plagues and diseases that were never known among the predecessors will spread among them. They do not cheat in weights and measures but they will be stricken with famine, severe calamity and the oppression of their rulers. They do not withhold the Zakah of their wealth, but rain will be withheld from the sky, and were it not for the animals, no rain would fall on them. They do not break their covenant with Allah and His Messenger, but Allah will enable their enemies to overpower them and take some of what is in their hands. Unless their leaders rule according to the Book of Allah and seek all good from that which Allah has revealed, Allah will cause them to fight one another.’”


Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 5, Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019

Sexual immorality (or "abomination") was nothing new in the 7th century. The Old Testament mentions a story of a city where all people were homosexuals who wanted to rape angels, but Lot offered them his daughters instead:

He prepared a meal for them, baking bread without yeast, and they ate. Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house. They called to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them.” Lot went outside to meet them and shut the door behind him and said, “No, my friends. Don’t do this wicked thing. Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. Let me bring them out to you, and you can do what you like with them.


The Bible, Genesis 19:3-8

In the New Testament Jesus spoke to a woman who had many sexual partners:

“Go and get your husband,” Jesus told her.

“I don’t have a husband,” the woman replied.

Jesus said, “You’re right! You don’t have a husband— for you have had five husbands, and you aren’t even married to the man you’re living with now. You certainly spoke the truth!”


The Bible, John 4:16-18

Although Islamic apologists try to portray "abominations" in today's world as some shocking new events that were predicted by Muhammad, these "abominations" happened long before Muhammad was born. There were also abominations happening in Muhammad's time:

Narrated `Aisha:

that the Prophet (ﷺ) married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old. Hisham said: I have been informed that `Aisha remained with the Prophet (ﷺ) for nine years (i.e. till his death).


Sexual perversions were nothing new for Muhammad.

And the plagues and diseases that are supposed to be punishments for the immoralities also happened throughout whole history. Plagues (pestilences) were already predicted in the Bible, hundereds of years before Muhammad:

When you hear of wars and uprisings, do not be frightened. These things must happen first, but the end will not come right away.”

Then he said to them: “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be great earthquakes, famines and pestilences in various places, and fearful events and great signs from heaven.


Luke 21:9-11

Muhammad didn't bring anything new. And the prophecy is unverifiable / unfalsifiable. Because if sexually moral people get disease, then apologists can say "it's a test". And if sexually immoral people don't get disease, apologists can say "Allah is postponing the punishment to afterlife".

Women naked, but dressed (wearing revealing clothes)

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) having said this:

Two are the types of the denizens of Hell whom I did not see: people having flogs like the tails of the ox with them and they would be beating people, and the women who would be dressed but appear to be naked, who would be inclined (to evil) and make their husbands incline towards it. Their heads would be like the humps of the bukht camel inclined to one side. They will not enter Paradise and they would not smell its odour whereas its odour would be smelt from such and such distance.


Some apologists present it as something new that happens in the 21st century and Muhamamd couldn't have guessed it.

This hadeeth is one of the miracles of Prophethood, for these two types of people have appeared, and they exist now, as al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said.


islamqa.info: Commentary on the hadeeth; “two types of the people of Hell whom I have not seen…” [3]

Al-Nawawi lived in the 13th century. So for hundreds of years, Islamic scholars keep saying that this is "exactly what happens now" as if it happened for the first time in history.

Although apologists like to claim that women in Muhammad's time used to dress modestly, we can read in the Islamic sources that there were women completely naked circumambulating around the Kaba:

It was narrated from Saeed bin Jubair that Ibn Abbas said: "Women used to circumambulate the Kabah naked, saying: 'Today some, or all of it will appear And whatever appers I don't make is permissible.' Then the following was revealed: 'O Children of Adam! Take your adornment to every Masjid.'"


There is also a hadith with the same terminology of dressed (كاسيات) and undressed (عاريات) but in a different context:

Narrated Um Salama:

One night the Prophet (ﷺ) got up and said, "Subhan Allah! How many afflictions Allah has revealed tonight and how many treasures have been sent down (disclosed). Go and wake the sleeping lady occupants of these dwellings up (for prayers), perhaps a well dressed (كاسية) in this world may be naked (عارية) in the Hereafter."


Widespread adultery

Anas b. Malik reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:

It is from the conditions of the Last Hour that knowledge would be taken away and ignorance would prevail (upon the world), the liquor would be drunk, and adultery would become rampant.


Muhammad's companions used to give women a handful of flour and then perform what they called "a temporary marriage" (زواج المتعة, zawaj al-mut'a):

Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported:

We contracted temporary marriage giving a handful of (tales or flour as a dower during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and during the time of Abu Bakr until 'Umar forbade it in the case of 'Amr b. Huraith.


Abundant wealth

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The Hour will not begin until wealth becomes abundant and tribulations appear, and Harj increases.” They said: “What is Harj, O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “Killing, killing, killing,” three times.


Muslims became wealthy in the 7th century by the early Islamic conquests (the hadith itself mentions it together with "killing, killing, killing"). Sunan Ibn Majah which "predicted it" was written two hundred years after that.

Men obey their wives

The hadith is daif, but some apologists present it as if it was sahih:

Ali bin Abi Talib narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: "When my Ummah does fifteen things, the afflictions will occur in it." It was said: "What are they O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "When Al-Maghnam (the spoils of war) are distributed (preferentially), trust is usurped, Zakah is a fine, a man obeys his wife and disobeys his mother, he is kind to his friend and abandons his father, voices are raised in the Masajid, the leader of the people is the most despicable among them, the most honored man is the one whose evil the people are afraid of, intoxicants are drunk, silk is worn (by males), there is a fascination for singing slave-girls and music, and the end of this Ummah curses its beginning. When that occurs, anticipate a red wind, collapsing of the earth, and transformation."


Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2210 (daif)

It was mentioned among negative things, that indicates that a woman being dominant in marriage is an evil thing. But not everyone at that time was as patriarchal:

Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas: ...We, the people of Quraish, used to have authority over women, but when we came to live with the Ansar, we noticed that the Ansari women had the upper hand over their men, so our women started acquiring the habits of the Ansari women. Once I shouted at my wife and she paid me back in my coin and I disliked that she should answer me back....

So it was nothing new.

Muhammad's wife with the longest arm will die first

Narrated 'Aisha:

Some of the wives of the Prophet asked him, "Who amongst us will be the first to follow you (i.e. die after you)?" He said, "Whoever has the longest hand." So they started measuring their hands with a stick and Sauda's hand turned out to be the longest. (When Zainab bint Jahsh died first of all in the caliphate of 'Umar), we came to know that the long hand was a symbol of practicing charity, so she was the first to follow the Prophet and she used to love to practice charity. (Sauda died later in the caliphate of Muawiya).


Sahih Bukhari: Vol. 2, Book of Tax (Zakat), Hadith 501

It's questionable whether the prophecy was metaphorical and fullfilled or whether it was literal, failed and re-interpreted after that. Anyways all of it happened in the 7th century, but Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.

Mosques full of hypocrites

عن عبد اللهِ بنِ عَمرو قال : يأتي على الناس زمانٌ ، يجتمِعون ويُصلُّون في المساجدِ ، وليس فيهم مؤمنٌ

A time will come on people when they get together and pray in mosques and isn't among them a single believer


Ibn Abi Shaybah: Kitab al-Iman 101 (sahih)

Nothing new. Praying hypocrites were already mentioned in the Bible, hundreds of years before Muhammad:

“And when you pray, do not be like the hypocrites, for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by others.


The Bible (NIV), Matthew 6:5

But in Islam it's especially easy to predict, because Muhammad spread his religon by the sword:

It is reported on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah said:

I have been commanded to fight against people so long as they do not declare that there is no god but Allah, and he who professed it was guaranteed the protection of his property and life on my behalf except for the right affairs rest with Allah.


Narrated `Ikrima:

`Ali burnt some people and this news reached Ibn `Abbas, who said, "Had I been in his place I would not have burnt them, as the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'Don't punish (anybody) with Allah's Punishment.' No doubt, I would have killed them, for the Prophet (ﷺ) said, 'If somebody (a Muslim) discards his religion, kill him.' "


Many people only pretend to be Muslims to save their lives.

Slave woman gives birth to her master/mistress

When a slave (lady) gives birth to her master.


When the slave woman gives birth to her mistress' (Waki' said: This means when non-Arabs will give birth to Arabs")


Ibn Majah Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 63 (sahih)

According to Nawawi, the opinion of the majority of scholars is that Muslims will enslave non-Muslim women and have kids with them and the kids will be masters of their mothers because the kids are Muslims ( = superior). [4] Ibn Hajar (who lived later) didn't like this interpretation, because the enslavement was already happening during the time of Muhammad, so it wasn't really a prophecy of the future.

Ibn Hajar and modern apologists like to interpret it as kids treating their mothers like slaves. That is not compatible with Waki's comment in the hadith and it is not the original interpretation and disrespecting mothers happened even before Islam.

Woman helps her husband in business

'Abdullah said, 'From the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, who said, "Before the Final Hour people will single out one individual for the greeting, commerce will increase until a woman helps her husband in business, people will sever their links with their relatives, knowledge will spread, false testimony will appear and true testimony will be concealed."


Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1049 (sahih)

Injustice

Ibn 'Umar reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Injustice will appear as darkness on the Day of Rising."


Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 485 (sahih)

Cheating in weights (scales)

It was narrated that ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to us and said: ‘O Muhajirun, there are five things with which you will be tested, and I seek refuge with Allah lest you live to see them: Immorality never appears among a people to such an extent that they commit it openly, but plagues and diseases that were never known among the predecessors will spread among them. They do not cheat in weights and measures but they will be stricken with famine, severe calamity and the oppression of their rulers. They do not withhold the Zakah of their wealth, but rain will be withheld from the sky, and were it not for the animals, no rain would fall on them. They do not break their covenant with Allah and His Messenger, but Allah will enable their enemies to overpower them and take some of what is in their hands. Unless their leaders rule according to the Book of Allah and seek all good from that which Allah has revealed, Allah will cause them to fight one another.’”


Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 5, Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019

Cheating in weights is not a prediction of the future. It happened thousands of years before Islam and was mentioned as being prevalent even in the Old Testament:

Then the Lord said to me, “The end has come for My people Israel. I will spare them no longer. The songs of the palace will turn to wailing in that day,” declares the Lord God. “Many will be the corpses; in every place they will cast them forth in silence.” Hear this, you who trample the needy, to do away with the humble of the land, saying: “When will the new moon be over, So that we may sell grain, And the sabbath, that we may open the wheat market, To make the bushel smaller and the shekel bigger, And to cheat with dishonest scales


The Bible (NASB), Amos 8:2-6

And famines that are supposedly a punishment for the cheating also happened throughout whole history.

Making money unlawfully

Narrated Abu Hurairah (ra): The Prophet (ﷺ) said "Certainly a time will come when people will not bother to know from where they earned the money, by lawful means or unlawful means."


Making money unlawfully was nothing new for Muhammad:

Then the apostle heard that Abu Sufyan b. Harb was coming from Syria with a large caravan of Quraysh, containing their money and merchandise, accompanied by some thirty or forty men." Mohammad said, "This is the Quraysh caravan containing their property, Go out to attack it, perhaps God will give it as prey,


Sirat Rasul Allah 428, Tabari VII:29

Usury (riba)

عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ يَأْتِي عَلَى النَّاسِ زَمَانٌ يَأْكُلُونَ فِيهِ الرِّبَا قِيلَ النَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ قَالَ مَنْ لَمْ يَأْكُلْهُ مِنْهُمْ نَالَهُ مِنْ غُبَارِهِ

Abu Huraira reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “A time will come upon people in which they will consume usury.” It was said, “All of the people?” The Prophet said, “Whoever does not consume it will be affected by its dust.”


Musnad Aḥmad 10191

Usury (riba) was already widespread in the period before Islam, which Muslims call "jahilya":

Riba al-Jahiliyah means “the riba used during the age of ignorance and paganism.” It is also called riba al-nassee'aa (the riba that is constrained by a time limit and is time dependent). This type of riba was widely practiced by the pagan Arabs at the advent of Islam.


And for "affected by its dust" - widespread usury always affects whole economy. For example if someone has to pay big debts, he won't be able to buy as much. That will cause a seller to sell less, even though the seller himself is not indulging in usury.

Sudden deaths

حدثنا الهيثم بن خالد المصيصي نا عبدالكبير بن المعافى بن عمران نا شريك عن العباس بن ذريح عن الشعبي عن أنس بن مالك رفعه إلى النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم قال من اقتراب الساعة أن يرى الهلال قبلا فيقال لليلتين وأن تتخذ المساجد طرقا وأن يظهر الموت الفجاء لم يرو هذا الحديث عن العباس بن زريح إلا شريك تفرد به عبد الكبير بن المعافى

Anas bin Malik (RA) narrated that the Prophet (SAW) said: “Among the signs that the Last Hour is near, is that the crescent would appear larger than its actual size and people would say: ‘It appears as if it is only two days old.’ and the masajid will be taken as streets, and sudden death will spread.”


Al-Mu'jam al-Awsat al-Tabarani (9/147) No. 9376 (sahih)

People were dying both slowly and quickly, long before the written history. It's was nothing new.

In other hadiths Muhammad and Ubayd speak about sudden death as something already known:

Narrated Ubayd ibn Khalid as-Sulami,:

A man from the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ), said: The narrator Sa'd ibn Ubaydah narrated sometimes from the Prophet (ﷺ) and sometimes as a statement of Ubayd (ibn Khalid): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Sudden death is a wrathful catching.


Sunan Abi Dawud 3110 / Book 21, Hadith 22 / Book 20, Hadith 3104 (sahih)

Islam will be unpleasant for Muslims (like burning ember/coal in hand)

Anas bin Malik narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: "There shall come upon the people a time in which the one who is patient upon his religion will be like the one holding onto a burning ember."


Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2260 (hasan)

Adhering to Islam was already unpleasant for many Muslims during the time of Muhammad and it escalated in 632-633 during the Wars of Apostasy when Arabs tried to free themselves from this religion, but it was forced upon them by violence again.

Following Jews and Christians

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will follow the ways of those nations who were before you, span by span and cubit by cubit (i.e., inch by inch) so much so that even if they entered a hole of a mastigure, you would follow them." We said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! (Do you mean) the Jews and the Christians?" He said, "Whom else?"


Muhammad himself had portions of the Jewish Talmud and Christian apocryphal gospels in his revelations, so it was nothing new.

Killing [pointless killing]

Narrated `Abdullah and Abu Musa:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which Religious ignorance will spread, knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing."


Killing was happening long before Islam. We can read in the Old Testament many texts about mass killing. For example:

Now go and smite Amalek and utterly destroy all they have; do not spare them, but kill both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.


The Bible (AMPC), 1 Samuel 15:3

Pointless killing was also happening during Muhammad's time with Muhammad's approval:

Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka`b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900.


Ibn Ishaq: Sirat Rasul Allah, p. 464

Two parties with the same message will fight

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) many ahadith and one of them was this:

The last Hour will not come until the two parties (of Muslims) confront each other and there is a large-scale massacre amongst them and the claim of both of them is the same.


This vague prediction was interpreted by Islamic scholars as referring to the Battle of Siffin (year 657). Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.

Issue between Ali and Aisha

إنَّهُ سيكونُ بينَكَ وبين عائشةَ أمرٌ قال فأنا أشقاهُم يا رسولَ اللهِ قال لا ولكنْ إذا كان ذلك فاردُدْها إلى مأمنِها

There will be an issue between you and ‘Aisha.” He said, “Me, O Messenger of Allah?!” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Me?!” He said, “Yes.” He said, “Then [in that case] I would be the worst of them (all people).” He said, “No, but when this occurs, return her to her safe quarters.”
Fath al Bari 13/59 (sahih) and others

The Battle of the Camel happened in 656. The hadith (in Musnad Ahmad) was written in the 9th century.

Ammar will be killed

Narrated Abu Hurairah: that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Rejoice, 'Ammar, the transgressing party shall kill you."


Tirmidhi Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 3800 (sahih)

He was killed in the 7th century. The collection of Tirmidhi was written in the 9th century.

"I have been given Persia"

"I have been given Persia" is a euphemism for "Muslims will attack Persia and force my religion upon the Persians".

أنبأ محمد بن عبد الأعلى قال حدثنا معتمر قال سمعت عوفا قال سمعت ميمونا يحدث عن البراء بن عازب قال : لما أمرنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم أن يحفر الخندق عرض لنا فيه حجر لا يأخذ فيه المعول فاشتكينا ذلك إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فجاء رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم فألقى ثوبه وأخذ المعول وقال بسم الله فضرب ضربة فكسر ثلث الصخرة قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح الشام والله إني لأبصر قصورها الحمر الآن من مكاني هذا قال ثم ضرب أخرى وقال بسم الله وكسر ثلثا آخر وقال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح فارس والله إني لأبصر قصر المدائن الأبيض الآن ثم ضرب ثالثة وقال بسم الله فقطع الحجر قال الله أكبر أعطيت مفاتيح اليمن والله إني لأبصر باب صنعاء

Al-Bara said: On the Day of Al-Khandaq (the trench) there stood out a rock too immune for our spades to break up. We therefore went to see God’s Messenger for advice. He took the spade, and said: “In the Name of God” Then he struck it saying: “God is Most Great, I have been given the keys of Ash-Sham (Greater Syria). By God, I can see its red palaces at the moment;” on the second strike he said: “God is Most Great, I have been given Persia. By God, I can now see the white palace of Madain;” and for the third time he struck the rock saying: “In the Name of God,” shattering the rest of the rock, and he said: “God is Most Great, I have been given the keys of Yemen. By God, I can see the gates of San’a while I am in my place.”


Al-Nasa'i, Sunan al Kubra 8858

The bloody conquest happened around the year 650. Earliest hadith collection Muwatta Imam Malik (which doesn't even contain this hadith) was written around the year 750 and the hadith collection sunan al-Kubra which contains the hadith was written around the year 850. So it took Muslims hundreds of years after the conquest until they finally "remembered" that Muhammad predicted it.

And it wouldn't be a hard prediction, because Muhammad already conquered Arabia, urged his followers to conquer more and Persia was close. And although apologists like to portray Persia as unbeatable superpower, Persia was already conquered a thousand years before by Alexander the Great. And at the time of Muhammad Persia was exhausted by wars with Romans which lasted from 54 BC to 628 AD (681 years).

Conquest of India

Also known as ghazwa-e-hind.

It was narrated that Thawban, the freed slave of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'There are two groups of my Ummah whom Allah will free from the Fire: The group that invades India (تَغْزُو الْهِنْدَ, taghzoo al-hind), and the group that will be with 'Isa bin Maryam, peace be upon him.'"


Sunan an-Nasa'i 1:25:3177 (hasan) from The Book of Jihad, chapter "Invading India"

Early conquests of India happened in the 7th century (for example Battle of Rasil), while author of the hadith collection al-Nasa'i lived in the 9th century.

Some hadiths link the conquest of India to the second coming of Jesus (Isa), but the second coming didn't come after the conquests, so scholars say that the prophesized conquest didn't happen yet:

What is mentioned in the hadith of Abu Hurayrah (may Allah have mercy on him), which was narrated by Na‘eem ibn Hammaad, about the conquest of India has not happened up till now, but it will happen when ‘Eesaa ibn Maryam (peace be upon him) descends, if the hadith that says that is saheeh.


Conquest of Jerusalem

Narrated `Auf bin Mali:

I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Ghazwa of Tabuk while he was sitting in a leather tent. He said, "Count six signs that indicate the approach of the Hour: my death, the conquest of Jerusalem, a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep, the increase of wealth to such an extent that even if one is given one hundred Dinars, he will not be satisfied; then an affliction which no Arab house will escape, and then a truce between you and Bani Al-Asfar (i.e. the Byzantines) who will betray you and attack you under eighty flags. Under each flag will be twelve thousand soldiers.


Some apologists like to claim that Muhammad predicted "The Muslim conquest of Jerusalem in 1187 AD." [5]:

But that was the second Muslim conquest. First Muslim conquest of Jerusalem was in 636:

There is nothing in the hadith indicating that we should ignore the first one and count the second one. It rather seems that after the first conquest, the Hour is expected to come. But it didn't come, so this is another failed prophecy. And even after the second conquest, the Hour didn't come.

And the prophecy of the 7th century conquest was written by Bukhari two hundred years after the conquest.

Conquest of Egypt

Abu Dharr reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:

You would soon conquer Egypt and that is a land which is known (as the land of al-qirat). So when you conquer it, treat its inhabitants well. For there lies upon you the responsibility because of blood-tie or relationship of marriage (with them). And when you see two persons falling into dispute amongst themselves for the space of a brick, than get out of that. He (Abu Dharr) said: I saw Abd al-Rahman b. Shurahbil b. Hasana and his brother Rabi'a disputing with one another for the space of a brick. So I left that (land).


Muslim conquest of Egypt happened in the 7th century. The hadith collection Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.

Conquest of Yemen, Syria and Iraq

Sufyan b. Abu Zuhair heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say:

Yemen will be conquered and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families on them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then Syria will be conquered and some people will go away driving their camels along with them and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority, while Medina is better for them if they were to know it. Then lraq will be conquered and some people will go away (to that country) driving their camels and carrying their families with them and those who are under their authority. while Medina is better for them if they were to know it.


All conquests happened in the 7th century. Sahih Muslim was written in the 9th century.

Fighting Turks

Narrated Abu Huraira:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till you fight a nation wearing hairy shoes, and till you fight the Turks, who will have small eyes, red faces and flat noses; and their faces will be like flat shields. And you will find that the best people are those who hate responsibility of ruling most of all till they are chosen to be the rulers. And the people are of different natures: The best in the pre-lslamic period are the best in Islam. A time will come when any of you will love to see me rather than to have his family and property doubled."


Some Islamic scholars claim that "Turks" means "Mongols" and Muhammad predicted Gengish Khan. But why couldn't it be for example The Battle of Kharistan (737) which happened between the Umayyad caliphate and Turkic Türgesh? Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.

Since Muhammad declared war against everyone around him who didn't believe in his religion (Arabia, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Persians, Rome, Turks, Jerusalem, India...) it was easy to "predict" that Muslims would fight all those people.

Leave the Turks as long as they leave you (apologists say "Ottomans will become dominant")

Obviously rise of the Ottoman Empire is something that apologists try hard to read into Muhammad's words [6], because it happened hundreds of years after Muhammad and he couldn't have guessed it. Unfortunately, the hadith that apologists use doesn't predict the rise of the Ottoman Empire:

Narrated from Abi Sukainah One of the Companions:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Let the Abyssinians alone as long as they let you alone, and let the Turks alone as long as they leave you alone.


  • The part about Abyssinians is usually ignored, because it doesn't fit into the apologetic interpretation

The apologetic interpretation is that Muslims should leave Turks alone, because Turks would win the war. And Turks would win because they are strong. And they are strong therefore they will eventually become dominant. But this interpretation fails from the beginning, because the hadith doesn't say that Turks would win. It just says don't initiate the fight first.

In other hadith, Muhammad actually predicted that after a few wars, Muslims will exterminate the Turks:

يقاتِلُكم قومٌ صغارُ الأعينِ يعني التُّركَ قالَ تسوقونَهم ثلاثَ مرات حتَّى تُلحِقوهم بجزيرةِ العربِ فأمَّا في السِّاقةِ الأولى فينجو من هربَ منهم فأمَّا في الثَّانيةِ فينجو بعضٌ ويَهلِكُ بعضٌ وأمَّا في الثَّالثةِ فيصطَلِمونَ

People with small eyes, i.e. the Turks, will fight against you, the prophet (ﷺ) said: You will drive them off three times till you catch up with them in Arabia. On the first occasion when you drive them off those who fly will be safe, on the second occasion some will be safe and some will perish, but on the third occasion they will be extirpated.


Ibn Hajar, Takhreej Mishkaat al-Masabih 5/110 (hasan) and others [7]

Fat people

Narrated `Imran bin Husain:

"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, 'The best of my followers are those living in my generation (i.e. my contemporaries). and then those who will follow the latter" `Imran added, "I do not remember whether he mentioned two or three generations after his generation, then the Prophet (ﷺ) added, 'There will come after you, people who will bear witness without being asked to do so, and will be treacherous and untrustworthy, and they will vow and never fulfill their vows, and fatness will appear among them."


After the 7th century Islamic conquests, Muslims became rich and could buy a lot of food. Sahih Bukhari was written in the 9th century.

Rejection of hadiths

Narrated Al-Miqdam ibn Ma'dikarib:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Beware! I have been given the Qur'an and something like it, yet the time is coming when a man replete on his couch will say: Keep to the Qur'an; what you find in it to be permissible treat as permissible, and what you find in it to be prohibited treat as prohibited. Beware! The domestic ass, beasts of prey with fangs, a find belonging to confederate, unless its owner does not want it, are not permissible to you If anyone comes to some people, they must entertain him, but if they do not, he has a right to mulct them to an amount equivalent to his entertainment.


Sunan Abi Dawud 4604 / Book 41, Hadith 4587 / Book 42, Hadith 9

The idea that only the Quran is the word of god and Muhamamad is just a man and therefore he might be wrong was nothing new during the time of Muhammad. The idea existed during is life:

Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:

I used to write everything which I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). I intended (by it) to memorise it. The Quraysh prohibited me saying: Do you write everything that you hear from him while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is a human being: he speaks in anger and pleasure? So I stopped writing, and mentioned it to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He signalled with his finger to him mouth and said: Write, by Him in Whose hand my soul lies, only right comes out from it.


Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 3646, In-book reference: Book 26, Hadith 6, English translation: Book 25, Hadith 3639

Although Muhammad didn't agree that he might be wrong, the opinion existed, so it was easy to "predict".

Liars will be trusted and honest people will be regarded as liars

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “There will come to the people years of treachery, when the liar will be regarded as honest, and the honest man will be regarded as a liar; the traitor will be regarded as faithful, and the faithful man will be regarded as a traitor; and the Ruwaibidah will decide matters.’ It was said: ‘Who are the Ruwaibidah?’ He said: ‘Vile and base men who control the affairs of the people.’”


Sunan Ibn Majah Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4036 (hasan)

This was already happening according to Islamic sources. Some people trusted Musaylimah although according to Islam he was a false prophet. And some people didn't trust Muhammad, although according to Islam he was a real prophet.

"The pen will spread"

عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ السَّاعَةِ تَسْلِيمُ الْخَاصَّةِ وَفُشُوُّ التِّجَارَةِ حَتَّى تُعِينَ الْمَرْأَةُ زَوْجَهَا عَلَى التِّجَارَةِ وَقَطْعُ الأَرْحَامِ وَفُشُوُّ الْقَلَمِ وَظُهُورُ الشَّهَادَةِ بِالزُّورِ وَكِتْمَانُ شَهَادَةِ الْحَقِّ

Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, family ties will be severed, the pen will spread, false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”


al-Adab al-Mufrad 1035 (sahih)

"The pen (القلم) will spread" is a vague statement. Is it the pen or "the Pen"? There is the Pen that Allah created first and which writes the future:

“I arrived in Makkah and met Ata bin Abi Rabah. I said: ‘O Abu Muhammad! Some people with us speak about Al-Qadar.’ Ata said: ‘I met Al-Walid bin Ubadah bin As-Samit and he said: “My father narrated to me, he said: ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah saying: “Verily the first of what Allah created was the Pen (القلم). He said to it: “Write.” So it wrote what will be forever.’”


Tirmidhi: Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3319 (sahih)

There is also the Pen that writes deeds:

Narrated 'Aishah (RA): The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are three people whose actions are not recorded ( رُفِعَ اَلْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ, literally "is lifted the pen from three"), a sleeping person till he awakes, a child till he is a grown up, and an insane person till he is restored to reason or recovers his sense." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a, except at-Tirmidhi. al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].


Bulugh al Maram: Book 8, Hadith 1096

Narrated Abu Salamah: It was narrated from Abu Salamah that Abu Hurairah said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I am a young man and I fear hardship for myself, but I cannot afford to marry; should I castrate myself?'" The Prophet turned away from him until he said it three times. Then the Prophet said: "O Abu Hurairah, the pen is dried concerning what you are going to face, so (it is up to you whether) you castrate yourself or not." Abu Abdur-Rahman (An-Nasai) said: Al-Awzai did not hear this narration from Az-Zuhri, and this hadith is sahih, Yunus reported it from Az-Zuhri.


al-nasa'i: Vol. 4, Book 26, Hadith 3217 (sahih)

If it means "a pen", the tool for writing, then the pen is actually used less and less and is replaced by usage of keyboards. Then it would be a false prophecy.

But apologists like to say that "the pen" is a metaphor for "literacy". And literacy was already increasing before Muhammad was born. Jews and Christians first used oral traditions, but then switched to writing. The trend was already there.

  • And notice that the prophecy was written by people who were writing hadiths from oral traditions.

Family ties will be severed

Ibn Mas’ud reported: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Just before the Hour, the greeting of peace will only be given to specific people, trade will proliferate to the point that a woman will help her husband in his business, family ties will be severed (وَقَطْعُ الأَرْحَامِ), the pen will spread, false testimony will prevail and truthful testimony will be concealed.”


al-Adab al-Mufrad 1035 (sahih)

Absolutely nothing new. Even in Islam, Muslims believe that among the first people were brothers Cain and Abel and Cain killed Abel. According to Islam it already happened at the beginning of humanity.

There is also hadith where Muhammad encourages people to keep the ties of kinship, which indicates they weren't doing it enough in his time:

Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: "Learn enough about your lineage to facilitate keeping your ties of kinship (تَصِلُونَ بِهِ أَرْحَامَكُمْ). For indeed keeping the ties of kinship encourages affection among the relatives, increases the wealth, and increases the lifespan."


Tirmidhi: Vol. 4, Book 1, Hadith 1979 (hasan)

Killing of family members was also approved by Muhammad:

Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: A blind man had a slave-mother who used to abuse the Prophet (peace be upon him) and disparage him. He forbade her but she did not stop. He rebuked her but she did not give up her habit. One night she began to slander the Prophet (peace be upon him) and abuse him. So he took a dagger, placed it on her belly, pressed it, and killed her. A child who came between her legs was smeared with the blood that was there. When the morning came, the Prophet (peace be upon him) was informed about it.

He assembled the people and said: I adjure by Allah the man who has done this action and I adjure him by my right to him that he should stand up. Jumping over the necks of the people and trembling the man stood up.

He sat before the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: Apostle of Allah! I am her master; she used to abuse you and disparage you. I forbade her, but she did not stop, and I rebuked her, but she did not abandon her habit. I have two sons like pearls from her, and she was my companion. Last night she began to abuse and disparage you. So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it till I killed her.

Thereupon the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Oh be witness, no retaliation is payable for her blood.

Supposedly "satellite communication" (according to apologists)

It's a similar prophecy to "family ties will be severed", but apologists like to add a mistranslation in this case (also the hadith is weak):

“From among the signs of Qiyamah is that people will maintain ties with distant relatives and strangers (الأطباق) but sever ties with close family.”


Tabrani, al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr 10/228 and Mu'jan al-Awsat 4861 (da'eef)

They like to translate the word الأطباق as "dishes" (although the classical translation (understanding) fits better into the context) and then they interpret the "dishes" as "satellites".

Ignorance [of Islamic teachings]

Narrated `Abdullah and Abu Musa:

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Near the establishment of the Hour there will be days during which Religious ignorance will spread, knowledge will be taken away (vanish) and there will be much Al-Harj, and Al- Harj means killing."
  • In Islam, the period before Muhammad's career is called jahilya (ignorance). So even according to Islam, this already happened before Islam.
  • The hadith says only jahl, which is just "ignorance", but in context of Islam, when Muhammad says "knowledge" it means "knowledge of Muhamamd's claims and commands" and when Islam says "ignorance" it means "ignorance of Muhammad's claims and commands"
  • Muhammad probably noticed that Jews don't fully follow the law of Moses, so he could predict that Muslims won't follow his laws based on this experience.

Tall buildings

The word "competing" is not there literally in Arabic, so it might just mean that they will make buildings taller:

وَأَنْ تَرَى الْحُفَاةَ الْعُرَاةَ الْعَالَةَ رِعَاءَ الشَّاءِ يَتَطَاوَلُونَ فِي الْبِنَاءِ

..and when you see barefoot, naked, destitute shepherds competing in constructing tall buildings


  • There are currently people who compete in constructing tall skyscrapers (as apologists like to point out), but we don't see barefoot, naked destitute shepherds building them.
  • The Bible contained a story of the Tower of Babel, Egyptians built pyramids long before Islam.. So the desire to build tall buildings was nothing new.

And the hadith doesn't say skyscrapers, it only says "tall" and "tall" is relative. There might have been people in the 7th century building buildings that could be considered tall in that time. Ibn Hajar wrote in his famous commentary on Sahih Bukhari:

يتطاول الناس في البنيان وهي من العلامات التي وقعت عن قرب في زمن النبوة

"The people are [competing in] building tall buildings" - and that's from the signs which happened close at the time of the prophethood


Ibn Hajar: Fatḥ al-Bārī fī Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī

Muslims could afford building tall buildings after they got rich from early Islamic conquests. And Muhammad was already condemning excessive building during his life, so it was already happening:

Narrated Qais bin Abi Hazim:

We went to pay a visit to Khabbab (who was sick) and he had been branded (cauterized) at seven places in his body. He said, "Our companions who died (during the lifetime of the Prophet) left (this world) without having their rewards reduced through enjoying the pleasures of this life, but we have got (so much) wealth that we find no way to spend It except on the construction of buildings .Had the Prophet not forbidden us to wish for death, I would have wished for it.' We visited him for the second time while he was building a wall. He said: A Muslim is rewarded (in the Hereafter) for whatever he spends except for something that he spends on building."


The addition about the buildings being "as high as mountains" is dealt with in the section about hadiths falsely ascribed to Muhammad

Voices raised in mosques

Apologists like to say that it's in Tirmidhi, but they forget to add that it's daif:

Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: "When Al-Fai' is distributed(preferentially), trust is a spoil of war, Zakat is a fine, knowledge is sought for other than the(sake of the) religion, a man obeys his wife and disobeys his mother, he is close to his friend and far from his father, voices are raised in the Masajid, tribes are led by their wicked, the leader of the people is the most despicable among them, the most honored man is the one whose evil the people are afraid of, singing slave-girls and music spread, intoxicants are drunk, and the end of this Ummah curses its beginning- then anticipate a red wind, earthquake, collapsing of the earth, transformation, Qadhf, and the signs follow in succession like gems of a necklace whose string is cut and so they fall in succession."


Tirmidhi: Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2211 (daif)

And it isn't really a prediction, because people were raising voices even in the time of Muhammad in front of him. Muhammad rebuked them in the Quran:

O you who have believed, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet or be loud to him in speech like the loudness of some of you to others, lest your deeds become worthless while you perceive not.


Quran 49:2 (Sahih International)

Decoration of mosques

It was narrated from Anas that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "One of the portents of the Hour will be that people will show off in building Masjids."


There was already a precedent. Christians and Jews were adorning their places of worship:

Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:

I was not commanded to build high mosques. Ibn Abbas said: You will certainly adorn them as the Jews and Christians did.


Breaking the convenant with god makes enemies overpower them

... They do not break their covenant with Allah and His Messenger, but Allah will enable their enemies to overpower them and take some of what is in their hands. Unless their leaders rule according to the Book of Allah and seek all good from that which Allah has revealed, Allah will cause them to fight one another.’”


Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 5, Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019

This was nothing new in the 7th century. It's an old Jewish tradition. It was mentioned in the Old Testament, more than a thousand years before Muhammad.

Punishment for Disobedience

“‘But if you will not listen to me and carry out all these commands, and if you reject my decrees and abhor my laws and fail to carry out all my commands and so violate my covenant, then I will do this to you: I will bring on you sudden terror, wasting diseases and fever that will destroy your sight and sap your strength. You will plant seed in vain, because your enemies will eat it. I will set my face against you so that you will be defeated by your enemies; those who hate you will rule over you, and you will flee even when no one is pursuing you.


The Bible (NIV), Leviticus 26:14-17

And the prophecy is unfalsifiable. If believers did follow god's laws and were overpowered by their enemies anyway, they could say that "it's a test". And if they didn't follow god's laws, but weren't overpowered by their enemies as a punishment, it might be because god is letting them be misguided, but is planning to punish them in the afterlife.

A man passes by a grave and wants to be dead too

وَحَتَّى يَمُرَّ الرَّجُلُ بِقَبْرِ الرَّجُلِ فَيَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي مَكَانَهُ

... till a man when passing by a grave of someone will say, 'Would that I were in his place...


A desire to be dead was nothing new in the 7th century. The Old Testament already mentioned it:

"Therefore now, O LORD, please take my life from me, for death is better to me than life."


The Bible (NASB), Jonah 4:3

The leader of a people will be the worst of them

Apologists who mention this prophecy usually hide the fact that the hadith is weak (daif).

Ali bin Abi Talib narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: "When my Ummah does fifteen things, the afflictions will occur in it." It was said: "What are they O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "When Al-Maghnam (the spoils of war) are distributed (preferentially), trust is usurped, Zakah is a fine, a man obeys his wife and disobeys his mother, he is kind to his friend and abandons his father, voices are raised in the Masajid, the leader of the people is the most despicable among them, the most honored man is the one whose evil the people are afraid of, intoxicants are drunk, silk is worn (by males), there is a fascination for singing slave-girls and music, and the end of this Ummah curses its beginning. When that occurs, anticipate a red wind, collapsing of the earth, and transformation."


Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2210 (daif)

It was nothing new that the leader of a people can be more evil than them. And it already happened during the time of Muhammad:

Abu Said al-Khudri said: "The apostle of Allah sent a military expedition to Awtas on the occasion of the battle of Hunain. They met their enemy and fought with them. They defeated them and took them captives. Some of the Companions of the apostle of Allah were reluctant to have intercourse with the female captives because of their pagan husbands. So Allah, the Exalted, sent down the Quranic verse, "And all married women (are forbidden) unto you save those (captives) whom your right hands possess". That is to say, they are lawful for them when they complete their waiting period." [The Quran verse is 4:24]

The men were morally reluctant to rape married women, but their leader (Muhammad) "revealed" to them that it's ok.

Predictions of the future after the hadiths

In this category are hadiths that don't talk about what already happened before the prophecies were written.

Predictions of opposites from the usual

This is a special category, because it doesn't seem to be a prediction, but rather a statement that the opposite of what was considered granted at that time will happen. For example mountains were considered solid (not moving), so a prophecy says that mountains will be moving. These predictions could be made mechanically just by saying the opposite of what currently happens. So even if they somehow came true, there would still be an alternative explanation for how the prophecy was made.

Mountains will move

This hadith is da'eef (thanks to Ufayr bin Ma'daan in the chain), but some Islamic apologists still like to use it and present it as if it was sahih:

لا تقومُ الساعةُ حتى تزولَ الجبالُ عن أماكِنِها وتَرَوْنَ الأمورَ العظامَ التي لم تَكُونوا تَرَوْنَها

The Hour will not begin until the mountains are moved from their places and you see great calamities which you have never seen before.


Mu'jam at-Tabaraani vol 7, n. 6857

Mountains were considered as not moving, so a prophecy could be make simply by saying that the opposite of what usually happens will happen.

Non-speaking objects will start speaking

Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri narrated that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said: "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! The Hour will not be established until predators speak to people and until the tip of a man's whip and the straps on his sandal speak to him, and his thigh informs him of what occurred with his family after him."


Jami' al-Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2181 (sahih)

According to some apologists the predictions of speaking predators, whips, straps and thighs are predictions of modern technology like mobile phones, although the hadith literally talks about predators, whips, straps and thighs, not man-made objects designed for communication. Also in the hadith, the objects are themselves speaking, there is no indication that people will talk to each other through those objects.

The idea that a thing that doesn't talk could talk wasn't outside of the capability of imagination of primitive people in the 7th century and also it was nothing new. The Old Testament already had a story about a talking serpent:

Now the serpent was more crafty than any of the wild animals the Lord God had made. He said to the woman, “Did God really say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’?”


The Bible, Genesis 3:1

And for Muhammad (unlike for most people), talking objects wouldn't even be much miraculous, since he was hearing voices regularly. For example he heard a stone saluting him:

Jabir b. Samura reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: I recognise the stone in Mecca which used to pay me salutations before my advent as a Prophet and I recognise that even now.

The land of Arabia reverts to meadows and rivers

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) as saying:

The Last Hour will not come before wealth becomes abundant and overflowing, so much so that a man takes Zakat out of his property and cannot find anyone to accept it from him and till the land of Arabia reverts to meadows and rivers.


There were deserts. The opposite of deserts is meadows and rivers.

Much rain, but little vegetation

لا تَقومُ السَّاعةُ حتى يُمطَرَ النَّاسُ مَطرًا عامًّا، ولا تُنبِتَ الأرضُ شيئًا.

The Hour would not come until there is too much rain, but the earth does not produce crops


Shuaib Al Arna'ut, Takhreej al-Musnad 12429 (sahih) and others [9]

Rain was commonly connected to growth of vegetation, so Muhammad predicted the opposite.

Unfullfilled predictions

In this category are predictions that didn't come true. Some of them (like coming of the Dajjal) are not falsifiable, since they could still happen in the future. While others couldn't happen even in the future.

Coming of Muhammad and the Hour are close like the forefinger and middle finger joined together

Anas reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:

I and the Last Hour have been sent like this and (he while doing it) joined the forefinger with the middle finger.


Muhammad died 14 centuries ago and the Hour didn't come.

A 7th century boy won't grow very old before the Hour comes

وَحَدَّثَنِي حَجَّاجُ بْنُ الشَّاعِرِ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادٌ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ زَيْدٍ - حَدَّثَنَا مَعْبَدُ بْنُ هِلاَلٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ رَجُلاً، سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ مَتَى تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم هُنَيْهَةً ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَى غُلاَمٍ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ مِنْ أَزْدِ شَنُوءَةَ فَقَالَ ‏ "‏ إِنْ عُمِّرَ هَذَا لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُ الْهَرَمُ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَ قَالَ أَنَسٌ ذَاكَ الْغُلاَمُ مِنْ أَتْرَابِي يَوْمَئِذٍ ‏.‏

Anas b. Malik reported that a person asked Allah's Apostle (ﷺ):

When would the Last Hour come? Thereupon Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) kept quiet for a while. Then looked at a young boy in his presence belonging to the tribe of Azd Shanu'a and he said: If this boy lives he would not grow very old till the Last Hour would come to you. Anas said that this young boy was of our age during those days.


The "to you" was added by the translators to indicate that it is the last hour (death) of the people who asked, but it's not in Arabic.

The boy died 14 hundred years ago and the Hour didn't come.

Nothing will live one hundred years from now

Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar:

Once the Prophet (ﷺ) led us in the `Isha' prayer during the last days of his life and after finishing it (the prayer) (with Taslim) he said: "Do you realize (the importance of) this night?" Nobody present on the surface of the earth tonight will be living after the completion of one hundred years from this night."


One hundred years from his prayer passed and all organisms didn't die.

If 10 scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:

If ten scholars of the Jews would follow me, no Jew would be left upon the surface of the earth who would not embrace Islam.


10 Jewish scholars converted to Islam, but Jews are still there.

Rising of the Sun from its setting place

We were sitting in the shade of the chamber of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) discussing (something) and when we mentioned the last hour, our voices rose high. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The last hour will not come or happen until there appear ten signs before it : the rising of the sun in its place of setting, the coming forth of the beast, the coming forth of Gog and Magog, the Dajjal (Antichrist), (the descent of) Jesus son of Mary, the smoke, and three collapses of the earth: one in the west, one in the east, and one in the Arabian Peninsula. The last of that will be the emergence of a fire from Yemen, from the lowest part of Aden, and drive mankind to their place of assembly.


This prophecy is definitely wrong, because it assumes that the Sun moves around the Earth (which was a common misconception among 7th century primitive people).

There is also a related verse in the Quran, which doesn't mention it explicitly:

Do they [then] wait for anything except that the angels should come to them or your Lord should come or that there come some of the signs of your Lord? The Day that some of the signs of your Lord will come no soul will benefit from its faith as long as it had not believed before or had earned through its faith some good. Say, "Wait. Indeed, we [also] are waiting."


Tafsir:

"On the day that one of your Lord’s signs comes" — and this is the rising of the sun from the west as reported in the hadīth of the two Sahīhs of Bukhārī and Muslim — it shall not benefit a soul to believe if it had not believed theretofore


Tafsir Al-Jalalayn on 6:158

The hadith:

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established until the sun rises from the West: and when the people see it, then whoever will be living on the surface of the earth will have faith, and that is (the time) when no good will it do to a soul to believe then, if it believed not before." (6.158)


So it will be a shocking supernatural event and it will be a definite proof of Islam and everyone will believe. But their faith won't count, because they've seen the evidence for Islam. The belief only counts when it's baseless.

Another hadith says that right after the rising, the beast will appear in the forenoon:

Abu zur’ah said: A group of people came to Marwan in Medina, and they heard him say that the first of the signs to appear would be the coming forth of the Dajjal (Antichirst). He said: I then went to Abd Allah b. ‘Amr and mentioned it to him. He did not say anything(reliable). I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: The first of the signs to appear will be the rising of the sun in its place of setting and the coming forth of the beast against mankind in the forenoon. Whichever of them comes first will soon be followed by the other. ’Abd Allah who used to read the scriptures (Torah, Gospel) said: I think the first of them will be the rising of the sun in its place of setting.


Abu Dawud 4310 (sahih)

It was narrated from ‘Abdullah bin ‘Amr that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “The first signs to appear will be at the rising of the sun from the west and the emergence of the Beast to the people, at forenoon.’” 'Abdullah said: "Whichever of them appears first, the other will come soon after." 'Abdullah said: "I do not think it will be anything other than the sun rising from the west."


Ibn Majah 4069 (sahih)

There's a modern metaphorical interpretation that "rising of the Sun from the west" refers to the rise of the Western civilization.

  • Let's say we translate مغرب as "the West". The prophecy literally says that the Sun will rise from "its West" (مغربها). Is the West somehow owned by the Sun? The translation of "rise from its setting-place" makes more sense than "rise from its West".
  • The rise of the secular Western civilization is not a supernatural event and it doesn't make people believe in Islam as the Quran and hadiths predicted
  • The beast didn't come in the forenoon.

There is also a Quranic verse which supports the concept that Allah literally moves the Sun from the East to the West and that it is therefore possible (for him) to move it the other way:

Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord [merely] because Allah had given him kingship? When Abraham said, "My Lord is the one who gives life and causes death," he said, "I give life and cause death." Abraham said, "Indeed, Allah brings up the sun from the east, so bring it up from the west." So the disbeliever was overwhelmed [by astonishment], and Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.


See also:

Stones and trees say to Muslims: "here is a Jew behind me; come and kill him"

The last hour would not come unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say, for it is the tree of the Jews.


Book 41, Hadith 6985 aka Book 54, Hadith 105 or Sahih Muslim 2922

Stones and trees don't talk and psychologically healthy people would consider it a miracle if they talked. But for Muhammad it wasn't something special, he was "hearing" voices of non-living objects even before he started "hearing" the voice of god:

Jabir b. Samura reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: I recognise the stone in Mecca which used to pay me salutations before my advent as a Prophet and I recognise that even now.

Time will pass more quickly (taqaarub az-zamaan)

لا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَتَقَارَبَ الزَّمَانُ ، فَتَكُونَ السَّنَةُ كَالشَّهْرِ ، وَيَكُونَ الشَّهْرُ كَالْجُمُعَةِ ، وَتَكُونَ الْجُمُعَةُ كَالْيَوْمِ ، وَيَكُونَ الْيَوْمُ كَالسَّاعَةِ ، وَتَكُونَ السَّاعَةُ كَاحْتِرَاقِ السَّعَفَةِ

The Hour will not begin until time passes quickly, so a year will be like a month, and a month will be like a week, and a week will be like a day, and a day will be like an hour, and an hour will be like the burning of a braid of palm leaves.


Musnad Ahmad 10560

Islamic scholars don't even know what the prophecy means:

The scholars differed concerning the meaning of the phrase taqaarub al-zamaan (time passing more quickly). There are many views, the strongest of which is:

That the phrase taqaarub al-zamaan (time passing quickly) may be interpreted literally or metaphorically.


Time is running by the speed of 1 hour per hour, 1 day per day, 1 month per month etc. So it's literally not happening.

Markets will approach (taqaarub al-aswaaq)

The previous prophecy was taqaarub of time, this prophecy adds taqaarub of markets:

لا تقومُ الساعةُ حتى تَظْهَرَ الفِتَنُ ويكثرَ الكذِبُ وتتقارَبَ الأسواقُ ويتقارَبَ الزمانُ ويكثُرَ الهرجُ قلْتُ وما الهرْجُ قال القتْلُ

The Hour won't come till tribulations show up, lies are widespread and taqaarub of markets and taqaarub of time and harj is widespread. I said: What is al-harj? He said: Killing.


al-Haythami 7/330 (sahih) and others [10]

Taqaarub of markets is as vague as the taqaarub of time.

But we can expect that the situation on markets changed after Muslims got rich by the 7th century Islamic conquests.

A man from Qahtan appears, driving the people with his stick

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till a man from Qahtan appears, driving the people with his stick."


Qahtan still exists, so Muslims are still waiting for the guy.

A man called Jahjah will occupy the throne

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:

The day and the night would not come to an end before a man called al-Jahjah would occupy the throne.


Sahih Muslim, Book 41, Hadith 6955
  • Fatwa (AR) puts this prophecy among non-fulfilled prophecies

Conquest of Constantinopole without fighting and the Hour come together

Apologists point to this hadith. It is considered da'eef by Albani (but sahih by Dhahabi):

لتفتحن القسطنطينية، فلنعم الأمير أميرها، ولنعم الجيش ذلك الجيش

Verily you shall conquer Constantinople. What a wonderful leader will her leader be, and what a wonderful army will that army be!


Musnad Ahmad 14:331

Muslims conquered Constantinople in 1453. Since Muhammad himself was waging wars, it was expected that Muslims after his death would continue conquering. Muhammad conquered Arabia and Constantinople wasn't that far away. So this wasn't a hard prediction. Also it's not time-specific. So even if it didn't happen, Muslims could still think it would happen in the future.

But the biggest problem is that there are other hadiths which give details that were not fullfilled. The Hour was expected to come with it:

Anas bin Malik said: "Constantinople will be conquered with the coming of the Hour."


Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2239

And the conquest was predicted to happen without fighting:

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) saying:

You have heard about a city, one side of which is on land and the other is in the sea (Constantinople). They said: Allah's Messenger, yes. Thereupon he said: The Last Hour would not come unless seventy thousand persons from Bani lshaq would attack it. When they would land there, they will neither fight with weapons nor would shower arrows but would only say: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest," and one side of it would fall. Thaur (one of the narrators) said: I think that he said: The part by the side of the ocean. Then they would say for the second time: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest" and the second side would also fall, and they would say: "There is no god but Allah and Allah is the Greatest," and the gates would be opened for them and they would enter therein and, they would be collecting spoils of war and distributing them amongst themselves when a noise would be heard saying: Verily, Dajjal has come. And thus they would leave everything there and go back.


Conquest of Rome

Nafi' b. Utba reported:

We were with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in an expedition that there came a people to Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) from the direction of the west. They were dressed in woollen clothes and they stood near a hillock and they met him as Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) was sitting. I said to myself: Better go to them and stand between him and them that they may not attack him. Then I thought that perhaps there had been going on secret negotiation amongst them. I however, went to them and stood between them and him and I remember four of the words (on that occasion) which I repeat (on the fingers of my hand) that he (Allah's Messenger) said: You will attack Arabia and Allah will enable you to conquer it, then you would attack Persia and He would make you to conquer it. Then you would attack Rome and Allah will enable you to conquer it, then you would attack the Dajjal and Allah will enable you to conquer him. Nafi' said: Jabir, we thought that the Dajjal would appear after Rome (Syrian territory) would be conquered.


Either Muhammad meant the whole Roman Empire, in that case prophecy failed, because the Roman Empire no longer exists and it wasn't conquered by Muslims. Or he meant the Syrian territory (although it's not in Arabic version of the hadith) and in that case the prophecy also failed, because the Dajjal didn't appear after it.

Nations will soon call each other to attack Muslims

Muhammad predicted that "soon" (in 7th century) all nations will cooperate militarily against Muslims and Muslims will be weak because they're afraid to die (in battle):

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: The people will soon summon one another to attack you as people when eating invite others to share their dish. Someone asked: Will that be because of our small numbers at that time? He replied: No, you will be numerous at that time: but you will be scum and rubbish like that carried down by a torrent, and Allah will take fear of you from the breasts of your enemy and last enervation into your hearts. Someone asked: What is wahn (enervation). Messenger of Allah (ﷺ): He replied: Love of the world and dislike of death.


Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 4297, In-book reference: Book 39, Hadith 7, English translation: Book 38, Hadith 4284

Actually "soon" after this prophecy, Muslims were militarily successful and conquered the middle east and North Africa. Eventually a military weakness came with the fall of the Ottoman empire, but that was more than a thousand years after Muhammad and not "soon".

And the prediction could be based simply on Muhamamd's declaration of war towards everyone who doesn't believe in his religion. It probably made sense to him that since he challenged all other nations to war, they would cooperate and attack him too.

Twelve caliphs

It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir b. Samura who said:

I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: Islam will continue to be triumphant until there have been twelve Caliphs. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) said something which I could not understand. I asked my father: What did he say? He said: He has said that all of them (twelve Caliphs) will be from the Quraish.


It has been narrated on the authority of Amir b. Sa'd b. Abu Waqqas who said:

I wrote (a letter) to Jabir b. Samura and sent it to him through my servant Nafi', asking him to inform me of something he had heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He wrote to me (in reply): I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say on Friday evening, the day on which al-Aslami was stoned to death (for committing adultery): The Islamic religion will continue until the Hour has been established, or you have been ruled over by twelve Caliphs, all of them being from the Quraish. also heard him say: A small force of the Muslims will capture the white palace, the police of the Persian Emperor or his descendants. I also heard him say: Before the Day of Judgment there will appear (a number of) impostors. You are to guard against them. I also heard him say: When God grants wealth to any one of you, he should first spend it on himself and his family (and then give it in charity to the poor). I heard him (also) say: I will be your forerunner at the Cistern (expecting your arrival).


Commentaries by Islamic scholars:

لم ألق أحدا يقطع في هذا الحديث يعني بشيء معين

I have not met anyone who could be certain about the meaning of this hadith!


Ibn Hajar, Fathul-Bari, vol. 13, p.211

هذا الحديث قد أطلت البحث عنه، وتطلّبت مظانّه، وسألت عنه، فما رأيت أحدا وقع على المقصود به

I have researched for long to understand this hadith and referred to many references and made much enquiries about it, yet I did not meet anyone who could understand it.


Ibn Jouzi, Kashful-Majhool, vol.1 p.449

Rain which will destroy all dwellings except tents

This hadith is sahih:

حدثنا عبد الله حدثني أبي ثنا أبو كامل وعفان قالا ثنا حماد عن سهيل قال عفان في حديثه قال أنا سهيل بن أبي صالح عن أبيه عن أبي هريرة قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم : لا تقوم الساعة حتى يمطر الناس مطرا لا تكن منه بيوت المدر ولا تكن منه الا بيوت الشعر تعليق شعيب الأرنؤوط : إسناده صحيح على شرط مسلم

The Hour will not come until there has been rain which will destroy all dwellings except tents


Musnad Ahmad 7554 (sahih)

So people who dwell in fallout shelters, submarines, cosmic ships.. their dwellings will be demolished by the rain. But tents will be strong enough to handle that rain?

Not living according to the sharia causes infighting between Muslims

It was narrated that ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to us and said: ‘O Muhajirun, there are five things with which you will be tested, and I seek refuge with Allah lest you live to see them: Immorality never appears among a people to such an extent that they commit it openly, but plagues and diseases that were never known among the predecessors will spread among them. They do not cheat in weights and measures but they will be stricken with famine, severe calamity and the oppression of their rulers. They do not withhold the Zakah of their wealth, but rain will be withheld from the sky, and were it not for the animals, no rain would fall on them. They do not break their covenant with Allah and His Messenger, but Allah will enable their enemies to overpower them and take some of what is in their hands. Unless their leaders rule according to the Book of Allah and seek all good from that which Allah has revealed, Allah will cause them to fight one another.’”


Sunan Ibn Majah, Vol. 5, Book of Tribulations, Hadith 4019

It's the opposite. Muslim infighting is usually caused by groups who follow their interpretation of the sharia, accuse other Muslims of not living according to the sharia and takfeering them. Maybe Muslims would live in peace if they weren't so obsessed with the sharia and fighting other Muslims who don't live according to it.

12 thousand from Aden Abyan will make Islam victorious

يخرجُ من عدنِ أَبْيَنَ اثنا عشرَ ألفًا ينصرونَ اللهَ ورسولَهُ هم خيرُ مَن بيني وبينهم

Out of Aden-Abyan will come 12000, giving victory to the (religion of) Allah and His Messenger. They are the best between me and them.


Musnad Ahmad 5/33 (sahih)

Disappearance of faith

It is narrated on the authority of Anas that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

"The Hour (Resurrection) will not occur as long as anyone says: 'Allah, Allah.'"


Sahih Muslim 1:274, chapter The Disappearance of Faith at the End of Time

Apostasy among Muslims is rising. There might really be time in future where nobody is interested in repeating the word "Allah" and people focus on reality instead.

Islam will be widespread

Although Muhammad predicted that Islam will disappear, he also predicted that Islam will succeed:

Tamim al-Dari reported: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “This matter will certainly reach every place touched by the night and day. Allah will not leave a house or residence but that Allah will cause this religion to enter it, by which the honorable will be honored and the disgraceful will be disgraced. Allah will honor the honorable with Islam and he will disgrace the disgraceful with unbelief.”


Musnad Aḥmad 16509 (sahih)

"Indeed Allah gathered the earth for me so that I saw its east and its west. And surely my Ummah's authority shall reach over all that was shown to me of it.


Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2176 (sahih)

Since Muhammad predicted both success and failure for his religion, they are not really prophecies, but stating the obvious. Everyone in the 7th century knew that there are these 2 options.

The Quran will disappear overnight

عَنْ زِرٍّ عَنْ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ رضي الله عنه قَالَ لَيُسْرَيَنَّ عَلَى الْقُرْآنِ ذَاتَ لَيْلَةٍ فَلَا يُتْرَكُ آيَةٌ فِي مُصْحَفٍ وَلَا فِي قَلْبِ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا رُفِعَتْ

The Quran will vanish in one night. No verse in the scripture or in the heart of anyone will be left behind.


Sunan al-Dārimī 3343 (hasan)

Islam will end up like a snake crawling back into its hole

It is narrated on the authority of Ibn 'Umar ('Abdullah b. 'Umar) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) observed:

Verily Islam started as something strange and it would again revert (to its old position) of being strange just as it started, and it would recede between the two mosques just as the serpent crawls back into its hole.


In other hadith, Muhammad described belief in Islam as a snake:

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Verily, Belief returns and goes back to Medina as a snake returns and goes back to its hole (when in danger).


Countries colonized by Muslims will stop paying them and Muslims will be poor again

The hadith is in the chapter called "Making Endowments Of The Lands Of As-Sawad, And The Lands That Were Conquered By Force":

Abu Hurairah reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying “Iraq will prevent its measure (qafiz) and dirham. Syria will prevent its measure (mudi) and dinar. Egypt will prevent its measure (irdabb) and dinar. Then you will return to the position where you started. Zuhair said this three times. The flesh and blood of Abu Hurairah witnessed it.


Buttocks of women of Daus are moving around a Yemenite Kaba

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till the buttocks of the women of the tribe of Daus move while going round Dhi-al-Khalasa." Dhi-al-Khalasa was the idol of the Daus tribe which they used to worship in the Pre Islamic Period of ignorance.


It was interpreted metaphorically as a rise of polytheism (which doesn't happen). And literally it cannot happen because the idol was destroyed and the people were killed :

Jabir reported that there was in pre-Islamic days a temple called Dhu'l- Khalasah and it was called the Yamanite Ka'ba or the northern Ka'ba. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said unto me:

Will you rid me of Dhu'l-Khalasah and so I went forth at the head of 350 horsemen of the tribe of Ahmas and we destroyed it and killed whomsoever we found there. Then we came back to him (to the Holy Prophet) and informed him and he blessed us and the tribe of Ahmas.


  • Circumbulating around Kaba in Yemen is shirk, idol-worship and sin, but circumbulating around Kaba in Mecca is tawheed and correct religion

Rise of polytheism

..the Last Hour will not come before the tribes of my people attach themselves to the polytheists and tribes of my people worship idols..


Sunan Abi Dawud 4252

Polytheism is not rising.

Abundance of deaths by lightning

تَكثُرُ الصَّواعِقُ عِندَ اقْتِرابِ السَّاعةِ، حتَّى يَأتيَ الرَّجُلُ القَومَ، فيقولَ: مَن صَعِقَ قِبَلَكمُ الغَداةَ؟ فيَقولون: صَعِقَ فُلانٌ وفُلانٌ.

There will be an abundance of lightning with the coming of the Hour, until a man comes to a tribe asking: Who was struck today? Then they say: So and so


Musnad Ahmad, vol. 3 pg. 64/65 (sahih)

This hadith could be also in the category of things that always happened, because although abundance of deaths is not happening, the pophecy is designed to make people think that "It's coming!" whenever someone is struck by lightning.

  • John Jensenius (a lightning specialist) said that the number of injuries and deaths caused by lightning is actually going down. [11]

Luka bin Luka will be the happiest person

Hudhaifah bin Al-Yaman narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: "The Hour will not be established until the happiest of people in the world is Luka' bin Luka'."


Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2209 (sahih)

We don't have any information about a guy named Luka bin Luka being the happiest person in the world. Happiness is not even measurable, so the prophecy is unverifiable.

Scholars interpreted the name "Luka bin Luka" (لكع بن لكع) "the most despicable/wicked/evil"[12] and "wickedness" is again not measurable.

It's not esablished that this prophecy was fullfilled.

Wine, musical instruments and singing girls will turn Muslims into monkeys and pigs

It was narrated from Abu Malik Ash’ari that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “People among my nation will drink wine, calling it by another name, and musical instruments will be played for them and singing girls (will sing for them). Allah will cause the earth to swallow them up, and will turn them into monkeys and pigs.”


Reference: Sunan Ibn Majah 4020, In-book reference: Book 36, Hadith 95, English translation: Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4020

Although some Muslims drank wine, used musical instruments and listened to singing girls, they were never turned into monkeys and pigs.

Muhammad himself listened to singing girls:

Narrated Aisha:

Abu Bakr came to my house while two small Ansari girls were singing beside me the stories of the Ansar concerning the Day of Buath. And they were not singers. Abu Bakr said protestingly, "Musical instruments of Satan in the house of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) !" It happened on the `Id day and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "O Abu Bakr! There is an `Id for every nation and this is our `Id."


Allah will put pieces of the world on his fingers

Jewish man said to Muhammad and Muhammad agreed:

Abdullah b. Mas'ud reported that a Jewish scholar came to Allah's Apostle (may peace he upon him) and said:

Muhammad, or Abu al-Qasim, verily, Allah, the Exalted and Glorious would carry the Heavens on the Day of Judgment upon one finger and earths upon one finger and the mountains and trees upon one finger and the ocean and moist earth upon one finger, and in fact the whole of the creation upon one finger, and then He would stir them and say: I am your Lord, I am your Lord. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) smiled testifying what that scholar had said. He then recited this verse:" And they honour not Allah with the honour due to Him; and the whole earth will be in His grip on the Day of Resurrection and the heaven rolled up in His right hand. Glory be to Him I and highly Exalted is He above what they associate (with Him)" (Az-Zumar:67).


Sahih Muslim Book 39, Hadith 6699

Nobody will accept charity

Apologists call it "When paying charity becomes a burden":

Narrated Haritha bin Wahab:

I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying, "O people! Give in charity as a time will come upon you when a person will wander about with his object of charity and will not find anybody to accept it, and one (who will be requested to take it) will say, "If you had brought it yesterday, would have taken it, but today I am not in need of it."


Swelling of crescents [The Moon]

مِنَ اقترابِ الساعَةِ انتفاخُ الأهِلَّةِ

From approaching of the Hour is the swelling of crescents


Sahih Al-Jami' 5898 (sahih) and others [13]

An Abyssinian will destroy the Kaba

Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying: It would be an Abyssinian having two small shanks who would destroy the House ol Allah, the Exalted and Glorious.


Sahih Muslim 7:6953/2909c

Euphrates will uncover a mountain of gold soon

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Soon the river "Euphrates" will disclose the treasure (the mountain) of gold, so whoever will be present at that time should not take anything of it." Al-A'raj narrated from Abii Huraira that the Prophet (ﷺ) said the same but he said, "It (Euphrates) will uncover a mountain of gold (under it).


Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger ﷺ as saying: The Last Hour would not come before the Euphrates uncovers a mountain of gold, for which people would fight. Ninety-nine out of each one hundred would die but every man amongst them would say that perhaps he would be the one who would be saved (and thus possess this gold).


Sahih Muslim 2894a

Although Muhammad predicted in the 7th century that it will happen "soon", nothing happened.

Gender ratio will be 50 women to 1 men

Notice that the hadith assumes patriarchy and that more women than men is mentioned among negative things which indicates that existence of more woman than men is evil:

I will narrate to you a Hadith and none other than I will tell you about after it. I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying: From among the portents of the Hour are (the following): -1. Religious knowledge will decrease (by the death of religious learned men). -2. Religious ignorance will prevail. -3. There will be prevalence of open illegal sexual intercourse. -4. Women will increase in number and men will decrease in number so much so that fifty women will be looked after by one man.


Vol. 1, Book 3, Hadith 81

There was never demographically a ratio of 50 women : 1 man.

Seventy-three sects

Narrated Abu Hurairah: that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The Jews split into seventy-one sects, or seventy-two sects, and the Christians similarly, and my Ummah will split into seventy-three sects."


Tirmidhi Vol. 5, Book 38, Hadith 2640 (hasan)

It's not clearly established that there are currently 73 sects.

  • Counting sects is problematic/subjective because they overlap and further divide into sub-sects. Therefore the prediction is unverifiable.

Emergence of Sufyani

This prophecy is daeef:

يخرج رجل يقال له السفياني في عمق دمشق ، وعامة من يتبعه من كلب ، فيقتل حتى يبقر بطون النساء ويقتل الصبيان ، فتجمع لهم قيس فيقتلها حتى لا يمنع ذنب تلعة ، ويخرج رجل من أهل بيتي في الحرة فيبلغ السفياني فيبعث إليه جنداً من جنده فيهزمهم ، فيسير إليه السفياني بمن معه ، حتى إذا صار ببيداء من الأرض خسف بهم ، فلا ينجو منهم إلا المخبر عنهم

There will emerge a man called as-Sufyaani from the depths of Damascus, and most of those who follow him will be from (the tribe of) Kalb. He will kill many people until he rips open the bellies of women and kill children. (The tribe of) Qays will gather against him and he will kill them. A man from my family will emerge in the harrah, and news of that will reach as-Sufyaani. He will send troops against him and he will defeat them. Then as-Sufyaani will march towards him accompanied by those who are with him, then when he is in a plain, they will be swallowed up by the earth and none of them will be saved except the one who will tell others about them.


al-Mustadrak 4/520 (da'eef)

Muslims in mosque won't find an imam to lead them in prayer

This hadith is da'eef:

Narrated Sulamah daughter of al-Hurr:

I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: One of the signs of the Last Hour will be that people in a mosque will refuse to act as imam and will not find an imam to lead them in prayer.


Sunan Abu Dawud Book 2, Hadith 581, chapter It Is Disliked To Refuse The Position Of Imam

This prediction doesn't make sense, because if there are people in a mosque, then why can't they just chose one of them to lead the prayer? The rules are simple: Just chose the most knowledgeable:

It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "when there are three people let one of them lead the prayer, and the one who is most entitled to lead the prayer is the one who has most knowledge of the Qur'an."


Sunan An-nasa'i Vol. 1, Book 10, Hadith 783, chapter "When people are together and are all of the same status"

And the prophecy was included in a chapter called "It Is Disliked To Refuse The Position Of Imam", so it might be an intentionally self-defeating prophecy. Signs of the Hour are usually bad things, so the lesson is that people should not be reluctant to lead prayers.

Dajjal nor plague will be able to enter Medina

Anas narrated that the Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: "The Dajjal will come to Al-Madinah to find the angels have surrounded it. Neither the plague nor the Dajjal will enter it, if Allah wills."


Tirmidhi Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2242 (sahih)

Jesus will break the cross, kill the pigs and abolish Jizyah

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The Hour will not begin until 'Eisa bin Maryam comes down as a just judge and a just ruler. He will break the cross, kill the pigs and abolish the Jizyah, and wealth will become so abundant that no one will accept it."


Sunan ibn Majah Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4078 (sahih)

Gog and Magog will drink out the lake of Tiberias

And then Allah would send Gog and Magog and they would swarm down from every slope. The first of them would pass the lake of Tiberias and drink out of it. And when the last of them would pass, he would say: There was once water there.


Gog and Magog are supposedly tribes on Earth blocked by a big wall and they will be unlocked at the end of times. There is supposedly so many of them that they will drink the lake of Tiberias (Sea of Galilee). Although the tribes supposedly have so many members, they were not found anywhere on Earth.

Gog and Magog will successfully dig through the wall

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Gog and Magog people dig every day until, when they can almost see the rays of the sun, the one in charge of them says: "Go back and we will dig it tomorrow." Then Allah puts it back, stronger than it was before. (This will continue) until, when their time has come, and Allah wants to send them against the people, they will dig until they can almost see the rays of the sun, then the one who is in charge of them will say: "Go back, and we will dig it tomorrow if Allah wills.' So they will say: "If Allah wills." Then they will come back to it and it will be as they left it. So they will dig and will come out to the people, and they will drink all the water. The people will fortify themselves against them in their fortresses. They will shoot their arrows towards the sky and they will come back with blood on them, and they will say: "We have defeated the people of earth and dominated the people of heaven." Then Allah will send a worm in the napes of their necks and will kill them thereby.'" The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, the beasts of the earth will grow fat on their flesh."


Sunan Ibn Majah Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4080

We have the whole Earth mapped and there is no wall with Gog and Magog behind it.

Muslims will use bows, arrows and shields of Gog and Magog as firewood for 7 years

It was narrated from Nawwas bin Sam'an that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The Muslims will use the bows, arrows and shields of Gog and Magog as firewood, for seven years.'"


Sunan Ibn Majah: Vol. 5, Book 36, Hadith 4076 (sahih)
  • Gog and Magog (which are nowehere to be found although we the whole Earth mapped) are so numerous that their bows, arrows and shields can be used for seven years as firewood.
  • Muhammad failed to predict modern technology and falsely thought that the technology of his time will be used until the end of times

Predictions that came true

Fire in Hijaz illuminates necks of camels in Busra

Narrated Abu Huraira:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established till a fire will come out of the land of Hijaz, and it will throw light on the necks of the camels at Busra."


There was a lava eruption in Hijaz in the year 1256. According to Muslim historians, the light of it was seen in Busra (Syrian city) and it specifically illuminated the necks of camels.

Predictions falsely ascribed to Muhammad by apologists

Buildings in Makkah higher than mountains

This hadith is mawqoof (not from Muhammad):

Sayyiduna ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Amr (radiyallahu ‘anhuma) is reported to have said: “……When you see tunnels/canals being dug in Makkah Mukarramah and the buildings (of Makkah Mukarramah) higher than the peak of the mountains then know that Qiyamah is close.”


Musannaf ibn Abi Shaybah, Hadith: 14306 (da'eef or hasan)
  • Fatwa (Arabic) says that since it's not from Muhammad, it shouldn't even be called a hadith
  • After Muslims got rich by early Islamic conquests they could afford to build bigger buildings and it was easy to predict that the buildings would get bigger and bigger

"People will treat a man with respect because they fear the evil he could do"

The quoted source is "Tirmidhi" without hadith number. There is something similar in Tirmidhi, but it's not presented as a prediction of the future, but a description of what happens:

Aisha narrated: "A man sought permission to enter upon the Messenger of Allah while I was with him, so he said: 'What an evil son of his tribe, or brother of his tribe.' Then he admitted him and spoke with him. When he left, I said: 'O Messenger of Allah! You said what you said about him. Then you talked politely with him?' He said: 'O 'Aishah! Indeed among the evilest of people are those whom the people avoid, or who the people leave, fearing his filthy speech.'"


Tirmidhi 4:1:1996

Naked thighs in markets

This hadith is classified mawdoo' (fabricated). [14] Albani included it in his book سلسلة الأحاديث الضعيفة والموضوعة وأثرها السيئ في الأمة ("Series of weak hadiths which have negative effects in the Ummah"), but some Islamic apologists present it as if it was sahih from Muhammad. And it's actually mentioned as one of behaviors of Lot's people:

عشر من أخلاق قوم اللوط:..والمشي في الأسواق والأفخاذ بادية

Ten behaviors of Lot's people:.. and walking in markets and thighs are naked..


Series of weak hadiths which have negative effects in the Ummah, Al-Albani

There were uncovered thights already in Muhammad's time:

Narrated Jarhad:

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sat with us and my thigh was uncovered. He said: Do you not know that thigh is a private part ?


Abu Dawud Book 32, Hadith 4003

Muhammad himself was exposing his thighs:

Narrated `Abdul `Aziz:

Anas said, 'When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) invaded Khaibar, we offered the Fajr prayer there (early in the morning) when it was still dark. The Prophet (ﷺ) rode and Abu Talha rode too and I was riding behind Abu Talha. The Prophet (ﷺ) passed through the lane of Khaibar quickly and my knee was touching the thigh of the Prophet (ﷺ) . He uncovered his thigh and I saw the whiteness of the thigh of the Prophet.


Rain is hot (apologists say "acidic")

This hadith is classified as mawdu (fabricated). [15] It's part of a long hadith about coming of the Hour:

..وَأَنْ يَكُونَ الْمَطَرُ قَيْظًا .. ..and that rain will be hot (قيظا)..


al-Tabarani, Mu'jam al-Kabir 10/228 (mawdu')

It was also mentioned in Lane's lexicon:

لَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ الوَلَدُ غَيْظًا والمَطَرُ قَيْظًا, a saying of Moḥammad, meaning [The resurrection, or the time thereof, will not come to pass until the birth of a child be an occasion of wrath, or rage, and] rain be accompanied by air like the قيظ [or most vehement heat of summer]. (TA.)


Lane's lexicon on قَيْظٌ [16]

"Acidic" wasn't mentioned anywhere in the translation.

The word قيظ was also mentioned in a different hadith meaning "hot weather":

Rifa'ah bin Rafi' said: I heard Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq say on the minbar of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) : I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say, and Abu Bakr wept when he remembered the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) , then he recovered and said. I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say, in this hot weather (القيظ) last year: `Ask Allah for forgiveness, well-being and certainty of faith in the Hereafter and in this world.”


Musnad Ahmad Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 6 (Hasan)

But apologists insist that the word قيظ means "acidic". In that case the weather in Muhammad's time was acidic.

Child is filled with rage

It's a part of the previous fabricated hadith.

وإن من أعلام الساعة وأشراطها: أن يكون الولد غيظاً، وأن يكون المطر قيظاً

And from the signs of the Hour is that a boy will be enraged and that water will be hot


al-Tabarani, Mu'jam al-Kabir 10/228 (mawdu')

And this was happening long before Islam.

See also

External:

References

  1. "Al-nawwas b. Sim’an al-Kilabi said: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) mentioned the Dajjal (Antichrist) saying: If he comes forth while I am among you I shall be the one who will dispute with him on your behalf, but if he comes forth when I am not among you, a man must dispute on his own behalf, and Allah will take my place in looking after every Muslim. Those of you who live up to his time should recite over him the opening verses of Surat al – Kahf, for they are your protection from his trial. We asked: How long will he remain on the earth ? He replied : Forty days, one like a year, one like a month, one like a week, and rest of his days like yours. We asked : Messenger of Allah, will one day’s prayer suffice us in this day which will be like a year ? He replied : No, you must make an estimate of its extent. Then Jesus son of Marry will descend at the white minaret to the east of Damascus. He will then catch him up at the date of Ludd and kill him." - Sunan Abu Dawud 38:4307
  2. AR: https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/140286/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D9%88%D9%87%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9
  3. https://islamqa.info/en/answers/47017/commentary-on-the-hadeeth-two-types-of-the-people-of-hell-whom-i-have-not-seen
  4. https://quranacademy.io/blog/an-nawawis-hadith-2-hadith-of-jibreel-3/
  5. https://www.islamweb.net/en/article/135817/the-signs-of-the-hour
  6. Yasir Qadhi: The Prophecy about the Turks - Signs of the Final Days (video)
  7. http://hdith.com/?s=%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%83%D9%85+%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8C+%D8%B5%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8F+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%90+%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8F%D9%91%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8E
  8. https://sunnah.com/urn/1250630
  9. http://hdith.com/?s=%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%89+%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3+%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7+%D8%8C+%D9%88+%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6+%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A7
  10. http://hdith.com/?s=%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%89+%D8%AA%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%86+%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AB%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B0%D8%A8+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86
  11. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/are-lightning-strikes-becoming-more-common/
  12. https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/18510/%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB
  13. http://hdith.com/?s=%D9%85%D9%90%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%92%D8%AA%D9%90%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%90+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8E%D8%A9%D9%90+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%81%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%8F+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%90%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A9%D9%90&order=color
  14. https://www.islamweb.net/ar/fatwa/321649/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7-
  15. https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/265083/%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9
  16. http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/data/21_q/239_qyZ.html