Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Creation: Difference between revisions

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The Qur'an generally follows the biblical account of creation in 6 days (Genesis 1:31), although surah 41:9-12 seems to imply that the earth (and the universe) were created in 8 days instead of 6, although the figure of 8 days is never written.  

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|2|29|36}}|It is He Who hath created for you all things that are on earth; Moreover His design comprehended the heavens, for He gave order and perfection to the seven firmaments; and of all things He hath perfect knowledge.  

{{ quote | {{Quran|2|282|}}|... If they party liable is mentally deficient, or weak, or unable Himself to dictate, Let his guardian dictate faithfully, and get two witnesses, out of your own men, '''and if there are not two men, then a man and two women, such as ye choose, for witnesses, so that if one of them errs, the other can remind her.''' The witnesses should not refuse when they are called on (For evidence) ...}}

{{ quote | {{Bukhari|1|6|301}}|Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: Once Allah's Apostle went out to the Musalla (to offer the prayer) o 'Id-al-Adha or Al-Fitr prayer. Then he passed by the women and said, "O women! Give alms, as I have seen that the majority of the dwellers of Hell-fire were you (women)." They asked, "Why is it so, O Allah's Apostle ?" He replied, "You curse frequently and are ungrateful to your husbands. '''I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and religion than you.''' A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some of you." The women asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What is deficient in our intelligence and religion?" He said, '''"Is not the evidence of two women equal to the witness of one man?"''' They replied in the affirmative. '''He said, "This is the deficiency in her intelligence.''' Isn't it true that a woman can neither pray nor fast during her menses?" The women replied in the affirmative. He said, "This is the deficiency in her religion." }}

{{ quote | {{Bukhari|2|24|541}}|Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: On 'Id ul Fitr or 'Id ul Adha Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) went out to the Musalla. After finishing the prayer, he delivered the sermon and ordered the people to give alms. He said, "O people! Give alms." Then he went towards the women and said. "O women! Give alms, for I have seen that the majority of the dwellers of Hell-Fire were you (women)." The women asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What is the reason for it?" He replied, "O women! You curse frequently, and are ungrateful to your husbands. '''I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and religion than you. O women,''' some of you can lead a cautious wise man astray." Then he left. And when he reached his house, Zainab, the wife of Ibn Masud, came and asked permission to enter It was said, "O Allah's Apostle! It is Zainab." He asked, 'Which Zainab?" The reply was that she was the wife of Ibn Mas'ub. He said, "Yes, allow her to enter." And she was admitted. Then she said, "O Prophet of Allah! Today you ordered people to give alms and I had an ornament and intended to give it as alms, but Ibn Masud said that he and his children deserved it more than anybody else." The Prophet replied, "Ibn Masud had spoken the truth. Your husband and your children had more right to it than anybody else." }}

{{ quote |{{Bukhari|4|55|547}} |Narrated Abu Huraira:  

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 172-173}}|According to Ibn Humayd -Yahya b. Wadih -Yahya b. Ya'qub -Hammad -Sa'id b. Jubayr -Ibn 'Abbas: This world is one of the weeks of the other world-'''seven thousand years'''. Six thousand two hundred years have already passed. (The world) will surely experience hundreds of years, during which there will be no believer in the oneness of God there.

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 183-184}}|All these facts taken together make it clear that of the two statements I have mentioned concerning the total extent of time, the one from Ibn 'Abbas, and the other from Kab, the one more likely to be correct in accordance with the information coming from the Messenger of God is that of Ibn 'Abbas transmitted here by us on his authority: '''The world is one of the weeks of the other world-seven thousand years'''.'

Our statement about the duration of the periods (azman) of this world from its very beginning to its very end '''is the most firmly established of all the statements we have''', on account of the testimony to its soundness as explained by us. Information has (also) been transmitted on the authority of the Messenger of God to prove the soundness of the statement that''' all of this world is six thousand years'''. If its chain of transmitters were sound, we would have to go no further. It is Muhammad b. Sinan al-Qazzaz'43 -'Abd al-Samad b. 'Abd al-Warithf -Zabban -'Asim' -Abu Salih-Abu Hurayrah: The Messenger of God said: AI-hugb is eighty years. The day of them is one-sixth of this world."" According to this tradition, it is clear that '''all of this world is six thousand years'''. That is because, if one day of the other world equals one thousand years and a single such day is one-sixth of this world, the conclusion would be that the total is six of the days of the other world, and that is '''six thousand years'''.}}

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 187-188}}|Now then, this being so, there is [also] '''a sound tradition from the Messenger of God''' told us by Hannad b. al-Sari, who also said that he read all of the hadith (to Abu Bakr)'" -Abu Bakr b. 'Ayyash-Abu Sad al-Baggal -'Ikrimah Ibn 'Abbas: The Jews came to the Prophet and asked him about the creation of the heavens and the earth. He said: God created the earth on Sunday and Monday. He created the mountains and the uses they possess on Tuesday. '''On Wednesday, He created trees, water, cities and the cultivated and barren land'''. These are four (days). He continued (citing the Qur'an): "Say: Do you really not believe in the One Who created the earth in two days, and set up others like Him? That is the Lord of the worlds. He made in it firmly anchored (mountains) above it and blessed it and decreed that it contain the amount of food it provides, (all) in four days, equally for those asking -for those who ask. He continued: '''On Thursday, He created heaven. On Friday, He created the stars, the sun, the moon, and the angels, until three hours remained'''. In the first of these three hours, He created the terms (of human life), who would live and who would die. In the second , He cast harm upon everything that is useful for mankind. And in the third, (He created) Adam and had him dwell in Paradise. He commanded Iblis to prostrate himself before Adam, and He drove Adam out of Paradise at the end of the hour.}}

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 189-191}}|According to al-Qasim b. Bishr b. Ma'ruf and al-Husayn b.

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 192-193}}|Reports similar to the one that has come down '''on the Prophet's authority''', namely, that '''God created the sun and the moon after His creation of the heavens and the earth''' and other things, have come down from a number of early (scholars), as follows:

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|p. 273}}|Iblis was driven out of Paradise when he was cursed, and Adam was settled in Paradise. Adam used to go about there all alone, not having a spouse to dwell with.`" He fell asleep, and when he woke up, he found sitting at his head '''a woman who had been created by God from his rib'''. He asked her what she was, and she replied: A woman. He asked for what purpose she had been created, and she replied: For you to dwell with me. The angels, looking (to find out) the extent of Adam's knowledge, asked him her name. He replied: Eve (Hawwa'). When the angels asked why she was called Eve, he replied: Because she was created from a living (hayy) thing. God said: "Adam, dwell you and your spouse in Paradise! Eat freely of its plenty wherever you wish!"}}

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|p. 274}}|Then He '''took one of Adam's ribs from his left side and replaced it with flesh, while Adam was asleep and did not stir, until God had created his spouse Eve from that rib of his'''. He fashioned her to be a woman for him to dwell with. When slumber was lifted from him and he woke, he saw her at his side. It has been assumed-God knows best!-that Adam said: My flesh and blood and spouse, and he dwelled with her. When God gave him a spouse and made for him a comfort (sakan) from his own person, He said to him face to face': Adam, dwell you and your spouse in Paradise! Eat freely of its plenty wherever you wish, but do not go near this tree, or you will be wrongdoers."

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 277-278}}|Eve took and ate of the (fruit offered to her). Then she went with it to Adam and said: Look at this tree! How sweet does it smell! How good does it taste! How beautiful is its color! Thus, Adam ate of it, and their secret parts became apparent to them. Adam went inside the tree (to hide). His Lord called out to him: Adam, where are you? Adam replied: I am here, my Lord. God said: Will you not come out? Adam replied: I feel shame before You, my Lord. God said: Cursed is the earth from which you were created, with a curse which will change its fruits to thorns. He continued. Neither in Paradise nor on earth was there a tree more excellent than the acacia (talk) and the lote-tree (sidr). Then '''God said: Eve, you are the one who inveigled My servant (Adam). Pregnancy will be difficult for you, and when you want to give birth to what is in your womb, you will often be in mortal danger'''. To the snake He said: You are the one who let the accursed Iblis enter your belly, so that he was able to inveigle My servant. '''You are cursed with a curse that will have the effect that your feet will be retracted into your belly''', and only the soil will be your sustenance. You will be the enemy of the children of Adam, and they will be your enemies. Wherever you encounter one of them, you will hold on to his heel, and wherever he encounters you, he will crush your head. Wahb was asked: And what did the angels use to eat? He replied: God does whatever He wants.}}

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 278-279}}|God forbade Adam and Eve to eat from one tree in Paradise, but (otherwise) they could freely eat of its plenty wherever they wished. Satan came and entered inside the snake. He spoke to Eve and whispered to Adam. He said: "Your Lord has only forbidden you this tree, lest you become angels or live eternally. And (Iblis) assured them with an oath: I am one of those who give you good advice.""' He continued. Eve cut the tree, and it bled. The feathers that covered Adam and Eve dropped off, "and they started to cover themselves with leaves of Paradise stitched together. Their Lord called out to them: Did I not forbid you this tree, and did I not tell you that Satan is for you a clear enemy? " Why did you eat of it, when I have forbidden it to you? '''Adam said: My Lord, Eve made me eat of it'''. When God asked Eve: Why did you make him eat of it? she replied: The snake commanded me to do it. So God asked the snake: Why did you command Eve to do it? and the snake replied: Iblis commanded me to do it. God said: Cursed and banished (is Iblis).691 '''Now, you, Eve, as you caused the tree to bleed, you will bleed every new moon''', and you, '''snake, I shall cut off your feet and you will walk slithering on your face'''. Whoever encounters you, will crush your head with stones. "Fall down being one another's enemy!"}}

{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 280-281}}|Satan whispered to Eve about the tree and succeeded in taking her to it; then he made it seem good to Adam. He continued. When Adam felt a need for her and called her, she said: No! unless you go there. When he went, she said again: No! unless you eat from this tree. He continued. They both ate from it, and their secret parts became apparent to them. He continued. Adam then went about in Paradise in flight. His Lord called out to him: Adam, is it from Me that you are fleeing? Adam replied: No, my Lord, but I feel shame before You. '''When God asked what had caused his trouble, he replied: Eve, my Lord. Whereupon God said: Now it is My obligation to make her bleed once every month, as she made this tree bleed. I also must make her stupid, although I created her intelligent (halimah), and must make her suffer pregnancy and birth with difficulty, although I made it easy for her to be pregnant and give birth. Ibn Zayd continued: Were it not for the affliction that affected Eve, the women of this world would not menstruate, and they would be intelligent and, when pregnant, give birth easily'''.

{{Quote|''The History of al-Tabari'', [Albany: SUNY Press, 1985], pp. 292-293.|It has been mentioned that '''the summit of the mountain upon which Adam was cast down is one of those closest to heaven among the mountains of the earth''' and that, when Adam was cast down upon it, '''his feet were upon it while his head was in heaven''' and he heard the prayer and praise-giving of the angels. Adam became (too) familiar with that, and the angels were in awe of him. Therefore, Adam's size was reduced.

{{Quote|Ibn Sa’d, Vol. 1, pt. 1:4:1|He (Ibn Sa'd) said: Hajjáj Ibn Muhammad informed us on the authority of Ibn Jurays, he on the authority of Mujàhid respecting Allah's words ("and from it created its mate") (AI-Qur'an, 4:1); He said:

{{Quote|Ibn Sa’d, Vol. 1, pt. 1:4:2|He (Ibn Sa`d) said: Muhammad Ibn `Abd Allah al-Asadi informed us: Sufyàn Ibn Sa'id al-Thawri informed us on the authority of his father, he on the authority of a mawlá of Ibn `Abbas, he on the authority of Ibn `Abbas; he said:

{{Quote|Ibn Sa’d, Vol. 1, pt. 1:4:3|He (lbn Sa`d) said: Hishám Ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Sa'ib al-Kalbi informed us on the authority of his father, he on the authority of Abu Salih, he on the authority of Ibn 'Abbas; he said:

*[{{Reference archive|1=http://answering-islam.org/Shamoun/creationdays.htm|2=2011-11-06}} The Days of Creation in the Quran: Literal or Indefinite Periods of Time?] - ''[[Answering Islam]]''