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...was revealed to Isa ([[Jesus]]) and was sent by Allah for the Jews and non-Jews. Although in reality there many gospels some in and some outside of the 4. [[Qur'an]]: This was revealed from the Angel Jibreel ([[Gabriel]]) to [[Muhammad]]. Muslims claim that the Qur'an is for

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...n he begins to act like the people of Paradise and enters Paradise.''" - {{Muslim|33|6390}}</ref> we find versions of the following hadith: ...eriod, and then a piece of flesh for a similar period. Then Allah sends an angel who is ordered to write four things. He is ordered to write down his (i.e.

...ng of the science of embryology which was at all more advanced than the pre-scientific, flawed understanding of local cultures. {{Quote|{{Quran|16|4}}|He has created man from a sperm-drop; and behold this same (man) becomes an open disputer! }}

...at portion of the Qur'an deals with Muhammad's personal life and the early Muslim community. Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the final message from the cr ...r'an refers frequently to Jewish, Christian and pagan myths which were wide-spread in 7th century Arabia.

{{rc-top}} ...it was, 'Read, in the Name of your Lord who created........ (i.e. Surat Al-Alaq). }}

...er) that We created you out of dust, then out of sperm, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed, ...rop” or “semen” phase (in Arabic, “nutfah”), followed by a “clot” or “leech-like clot” phase (in Arabic, “alaqah”), followed finally by a “morse

|title=Islam and the Judeo-Christian Tradition |description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Islam and the Judeo-Christian Tradition

...refer to followers of certain [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] faiths which pre-date the advent of [[Islam]]. In particular, it refers to the Christian, Jew ...ll the mandatory daily prayers and repeated within each prayer. A faithful Muslim who said all their prayers would recite this surah at least seventeen times

...oach to world religions:Islam'', Hodder & Stoughton, pg 1. ISBN 0-340-58795-4</ref> ...="STATISTICAL ANALYSIS">Bill Warner - [http://www.faithfreedom.biz/new-page-128.htm LOVE VERSUS FEAR IN THE KORAN: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND REFORM ACC

...velation]] for many verses in the Qur'an including the majority of surat al-anfal, the sura of war booty or voluntary gifts. The aftermath of the battle ...the Prophet of Islam'', Oakland CA: University of California, 2020, pp. 116-19</ref>|§2.1 Now to the heart of the matter. You wrote to me concerning Ab

...ales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures|apocryphal]] literature. ...'anic verses 21:91 and 66:12 in conjunction with the tafsir's, tell us the Angel [[Gabriel|Jibreel]] (جبريل ''Gabriel'') was sent to breathe [[Gabriel

...ncluded in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} In Surah 5 al-Ma'idah, the Qur'an apparently responds to a strange version of the Christia

...ives]] plus the intention of adding more. When Ghaylan ibn Salama became a Muslim, he had to divorce six of his ten wives – even though this was in early 6 ...Mecca. The Muslims survived by living off Khadijah’s wealth. Although the Muslim historians do not state this directly, the blockade was ''probably'' lifted

...ncluded in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...ospel-of-thomas/the-childhood-of-the-saviour-infancy-gospel-of-thomas-a-new-translation/ archive])|When the boy Jesus was five years old, he was playing

...r]], learned commentary upon the Qur'an which leverages the other two extra-Quranic scriptures. Although the Qur'an itself is beyond reproach, the other ..., its history, and its interpretation, this section contains our [[Asbab al-Nuzul (Revelational Circumstances of the Quran)]] articles, which are a reso

{{Quote|{{Quran-range|5|40|41}}|Do you not know that Allah-- His is the kingdom of the heave {{Quote|{{Quran-range|7|178|179}}|'''Whomsoever Allah guides''', he is the one who follows t

...tarian Milieu of Late Antiquity? (Early Islamic Studies Seminar, Milan) (15-19 June 2015): 8</ref><ref>Suleiman A. Mourad, “Mary in the Qur’an: a re ...(not from the family of Aaron):{{Quote|The gospel of the birth of Mary, 1:1-2 |The blessed and ever glorious Virgin Mary, sprung from the royal race and

{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|543}}, See also: {{Muslim|40|6809 }} and {{Muslim|32|6325}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: ...). Thus the angels added to Adam's salutation the expression, 'Wa Rahmatu-l-lahi,' Any person who will enter Paradise will resemble Adam (in appearance

...k between Greek and Arab medicine]”, Annals of Medical History 8 (1936) 313-323</ref> While this does not necessitate that the creators of the Qur’an ...1274/jmor.26.2?journalCode=jmor History of the Egg in Embryology] - 26(1):2-9. 2009

...to be acceptable to people of its time. Critics typically argue that an all-knowing, perfect communicator would nevertheless have been able to guide the {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|543}}, See also: {{Muslim|40|6809 }} and {{Muslim|32|6325}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:

...is now known to be abundant evidence of significant literacy among the pre-Islamic Arabs. {{Main|Parallels Between the Qur'an and Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature}}

[[File:Quran 2-62.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...tp://islamo-criticism.blogspot.com/2012/04/in-islam-heaven-is-not-exclusive-oh.html In Islam, Heaven Is Not Exclusive]".</ref> that according to [[Islam

| death_place = Green Dome at al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Medina Juwayriyya bint al-Harith

...aphysical phenomenon are described), any and every item mentioned in relied-upon scripture can be considered as essential an item of belief as the proph ...e God' and is thus one of the remnants of Islam's pagan origins. In the pre-Islamic era, Allah was the supreme creator god of the Arabs. Yet he was stil

[[File:Al-Uzza with Zodiac.jpg|right|170px|thumb|The goddess al-Uzza at the Temple of Winged Lions in Petra.]] ...as an incident where Prophet [[Muhammad]] acknowledged Allat, Manat, and al-Uzza, the goddesses of the [[Pagan Origins of Islam|Pagan]] Meccans in a [[Q

'''<nowiki/>'Abd al-Rahman ibn Sakhr ad-Dawsi''' (Arabic : عبدالرحمن بن صخر الدوسي), or '''Abu H ...het, but he became the governor of Bahrain during the reign of ‘Umar Ibn al-Khattâb, and he subsequently abandoned the post then became emir of Madinah

...died in her arms. As the favorite wife of the prophet, she was given a pre-eminent place amongst the companions of the prophet and in the [[Isnad|isnad ...own to me twice in my dream. I saw you pictured on a piece of silk and some-one said (to me). 'This is your wife.' When I uncovered the picture, I saw t

...died in her arms. As the favorite wife of the prophet, she was given a pre-eminent place amongst the companions of the prophet and in the [[Isnad|isnad ...ughter of Um Salama?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Even if she were not my step-daughter, she would be unlawful for me to marry as she is my foster niece. I

...nce the now apparent knowledge of the actual vastness of the universe vis-a-vis the earth. {{Quote|{{Quran|6|96}}|He it is that cleaveth the day-break (from the dark): He makes the night for rest and tranquillity, and the

...nce the now apparent knowledge of the actual vastness of the universe vis-a-vis the earth. {{Quote|{{Quran|6|96}}|He it is that cleaveth the day-break (from the dark): He makes the night for rest and tranquillity, and the

...ofessional historians. The hadith in particular have been subjected to wide-ranging criticism and are said to bear the clear marks of early sectarian in ...thoritative, sahih collections of hadith are [[Sahih Bukhari]] and [[Sahih Muslim]].

...ous possessions such as land and crops. Its main purpose is to support the Muslim poor, but it may also be used for other pursuits of the Islamic State such {{Quote|{{Quran|2|43}}|Establish worship, pay the poor-due, and bow your heads with those who bow (in worship).}}

...ous possessions such as land and crops. Its main purpose is to support the Muslim poor, but it may also be used for other pursuits of the Islamic State such {{Quote|{{Quran|2|43}}|Establish worship, pay the poor-due, and bow your heads with those who bow (in worship).}}

...ence archive|1=http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2005/01/30/fea36.html|2=2011-05-07}} The miracle of ZamZam] - Sunday Observer, January 30, 2005</ref> ...ce archive|1=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-13267205|2=2011-05-07}} Contaminated Zam Zam holy water from Mecca sold in UK] - BBC News, May

...90 (aged 54)|death_place=Tucson, Arizona, U.S.|death_cause=Assassinated by former student|occupation=Biochemist, numerologist|notable_works=''Miracle of the ...[[List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|assassinated]] by his former student Glen Cusford Francis (a.k.a. Benjamin Philips), a traditionalist ra

! style="width: 40%;text-align:center;"| '''Title''' ! style="width: 10%;text-align:center;"| '''Lead'''

...ges were conducted in part to seal alliances with important figures in the Muslim community such as Abu Bakr, the tradition is also quite explicit about the {{quote|{{Muslim|31|5965}}|

...e angel [[Gabriel|Jibreel]] to Prophet [[Muhammad]] over a period of twenty-three years.<ref>''Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths, Today's Qur'an, when read at face value with its non-chronological organization, can support any number of views on several subje

<center><div align="center" style="border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; width: 550px"> [[#A|A]] | [[#B|B]] | [[#C|C]] | [[#D|D]] | [ {| border="1px" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" style="font-size: 100%;"

...ience. Criticism of these ideas has been widespread and has even come from Muslim scholars themselves. ...ineffective and requires large quantities of purified, possibly genetically-engineered, phages not present in the natural condition.

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|1|66}}|Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri: The people asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): Can we {{Quote|Ibn Sa'd's Kitab Tabaqat Al-Kubra, Volume 8, Page 200|Waqidi said: “The prophet of Allah used to say t

...iya-al-qibtiyya-ever-a-wife-of-the-prophet-muhammad/| quote = }}</ref> The Muslim academic scholar Jonathan Brown has examined in detail the evidences cited ...It is a denial of history, not an interpretation of it. Aside from modern Muslim authors, there is simply no evidence that Mariya was not a slave woman of t

...=Khadījah al-Kubra<br>Khadījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|chi ...uhammad's Marriages|Muhammad’s wives]] are credited with the title ''Umm al-Muminun'' (“Mother of the Faithful”),<ref>{{Quran|33|6}}.</ref> but Khad

{{Quote|{{Abudawud|1|66}}|Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri: The people asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): Can we ...aqat Al-Kubra, translation Moinul Haq and H.K. Ghazanfar Volume 1, Page 438-439|'Ubayd Allah lbn Musa informed us on the authority of Usamah lbn Zayd, h

...=Khadījah al-Kubra<br>Khadījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|chi ...uhammad's Marriages|Muhammad’s wives]] are credited with the title ''Umm al-Muminun'' (“Mother of the Faithful”),<ref>{{Quran|33|6}}.</ref> but Khad

'''Mecca''', also known as ''Makkah al-Mukarramah'' (مكة المكرمة, lit. "the Blessed Mecca"), is a city lo ...st of Mecca, the prophet Muhammad received revelation that prohibited [[non-Muslims]] (which the revelation describes as ''najas'', or "filthy") from en

...ior to the 16th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe. ...tronomy|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-521-57600-0|date=25 April 2021|page=60}}</ref> Aside from notable exceptions such as A

...s throughout history dealing with the treatment of captured non-Muslims by Muslim military forces. ...ims strategy relied on the Banu Qurayza, whose fort lay in the rear of the Muslim defenses, not breaking their alliance with Muhammad and joining with the co

...nslated "expedition" (even in this article), it was sometimes used in a non-military sense, for example the 'Umrah pilgrimage which appears in the list ==The sῑra-maghāzī literature==

...d and his wife Aisha freeing the daughter of a tribal chief. From the Siyer-i Nebi]] '''Aisha''' (''‘Ā’ishah'', c. 613/614 –c. 678)<ref name="Siddiqui">Al-Nasa'i 1997, p. 108</ref> or عائشة, (also transliterated as '''A'ishah'

...the Quran but which was nonetheless binding in all the same ways. These non-Quranic revelations form a genre of the hadith known as the ''hadith qudsi'' ...elational Circumstances of the Quran)|revelational circumstance (''Asbab al-Nuzul)'']], particular where it occurs in the Quran.

...ncreasingly finding their way into even the most devout communities of the Muslim world. ...nd for some reasons, that number is meaningful or rather miraculous. Hence Muslim apologists assert that the Qur'an is the word of God.

...-hadith-narrative Punishment of blasphemy based on a hadith narrative] - al-mawrid.org, August 2020</ref> What is not in doubt, though, is that these na ...of Political Assassinations] Der Islam, Vol. 98 (2) doi:10.1515/islam-2021-0029</ref>

...the divine, the hereafter, history, the day of judgement, or other such non-legal matters, must (and, the tradition holds, does) always hold true. Criti ...om the [https://quranvariants.wordpress.com/narrative-contradictions-in-the-quran/ Quran Variants] website where they are discussed in more depth, with

...tion and the fact that they were in a limited sense an improvement upon pre-Islamic gender norms, the same can, perhaps, not be said about the perpetual ...ory of regulations to be applied at all times and places.<ref>Ibid. pp. 153-157</ref>

Artikel ini merupakan analisa terhadap apologetika muslim masa kini yang berusaha mengaburkan usia Aisha sesungguhnya saat dirinya pe ...rumur lebih tua", dan apa sebenarnya satu-satunya tujuan logis dari argumen-argumen tersebut.

...nd previous scriptures have been noted since the advent of Islam. The Judeo-Christian tales and their Qur'anic retellings, however, rarely match perfect ...n and to the audience. As such borrowings are to be expected, and in a semi-literate culture before the advent of the printing press different versions

...nd previous scriptures have been noted since the advent of Islam. The Judeo-Christian tales and their Qur'anic retellings, however, rarely match perfect ...n and to the audience. As such borrowings are to be expected, and in a semi-literate culture before the advent of the printing press different versions

Souad Saleh, professeure à l'université Al-Azhar du Caire et fervente partisane des droits des femmes en Egypte, a réc ...intelligence. De plus, la femme, lorsqu'elle a ses menstrues, n'abandonne-t-elle pas la prière et le jeûne?-Certes oui – Cela tient du manque de rel

...Great depicted with horns on a silver tetradrachm of Lysimachos, circa 297-281 B.C.]] ...minent historical kings, most notably Cyrus the Great. The theory that Dhul-Qarnayn is some other figure such as Cyrus the Great has little evidence in

...in keeping with the biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). {{Quote|{{Quran|7|54}}|Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who '''created the heavens and the earth in six days''', and

...available in the [[Qur'an|Quran]]. [[Apologists]], Sheikhs, and the larger Muslim community regard the mention of embryological stages in the Quran to be a [ ...https://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2011/11/23/islamic-embryology-overblown-b Islamic embryology: overblown balderdash]'', Pharyngula blog - Scienceblog

...in keeping with the biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). {{Quote|{{Quran|7|54}}|Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who '''created the heavens and the earth in six days''', and

...al text (QCT) around 650 CE, large numbers of variants later documented by Muslim scholars were read by various companions of Muhammad, often differing in wh ...imed to be a revelation from [[Allah]] to Prophet [[Muhammad]] through the Angel [[Gabriel]]. It was revealed to Muhammad in stages, taking 23 years to reac

...al text (QCT) around 650 CE, large numbers of variants later documented by Muslim scholars were read by various companions of Muhammad, often differing in wh ...imed to be a revelation from [[Allah]] to Prophet [[Muhammad]] through the Angel [[Gabriel]]. It was revealed to Muhammad in stages, taking 23 years to reac

...iples décisions tout au long de l'histoire concernant le traitement des non-Musulmans capturés par les forces militaires Musulmanes. ...ad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources Inner Traditions 2006, pages 222-223</ref> Les Banu Qurayza n’ont pas fourni d'hommes pour aider, mais ont

...- Part Two#Part Two: What do Qur’an 18:86 and 18:90 say happened next?|two-part]] article providing a comprehensive examination of the different interp ...prophecy about the end-times. Verses 86 and 90 are so controversial due to Muslim sensitivity to claims that they have Allah saying that the sun sets and ris

...court vers un gîte qui lui est assigné; telle est la détermination du Tout-Puissant, de l'Omniscient. ...ourt vers un lieu de repos pour lui. Il y a aussi des hadiths sahih (Sahih Muslim 1:297) qui mentionnent le cycle quotidien du soleil en utilisant le même m

...Islamic jurisprudence is a complimentary expansion and explanation of the former by Islamic jurists and scholars, and the term Shari'ah is also often applie ...ts of ones personal life. It has laws covering Muslim interactions with non-Muslims, sexuality, food, rituals, leisure activities, dress, hygiene etc. T

...to be acceptable to people of its time. Critics typically argue that an all-knowing, perfect communicator would nevertheless have been able to avoid sta ...16^th century when Copernicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe. Tellingly, the sun's orbit is

...ead the Quran in a way such that the general principles of fighting are pre-emptive and defensive throughout, and emphasise the hostile environment in w ...بو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=570}}|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad

The Islamic tradition portrays the prophet as constantly at war with non-believers after his flight from Mecca, and provides many examples of Muhamma ...بو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=570}}|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad

...perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, wh ====Yaqub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari (Abu Yusuf)====

...perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, wh ====Yaqub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari (Abu Yusuf)====

According to the Islamic tradition, the early Muslim community faced numerous threats and were in a near constant state of war w ...=vol. 2|page=501}}|The Affair of Ka'b B. Zuhayr After the Departure from al-Ta'if:<br>

{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|6931}}| Hudhaifa b. Usaid al-Ghifari reported:

Islamic [[scriptures]] imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography ([[Geocentrism and the Quran|arranged in a geocentric syst ...early scholars. Evidence does not support any of these claims, despite oft-cited statements from the works of [[Islamic_Views_on_the_Shape_of_the_Earth

Islamic [[scriptures]] imply, adhere to, and describe a flat-Earth cosmography ([[Geocentrism and the Quran|arranged in a geocentric syst ...early scholars. Evidence does not support any of these claims, despite oft-cited statements from the works of [[Islamic_Views_on_the_Shape_of_the_Earth