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...is now known to be abundant evidence of significant literacy among the pre-Islamic Arabs. ==The myth of pre-Islamic Arab illiteracy==

This article will examine a common [[Misrepresentations of Islamic Scripture|misinterpretation]] of [[Qur'an]] 4:3, and evidence provided in t ...d explain that a Muslim man ''may'' [[Marriage|marry]] up to [[Polygamy in Islamic Law|four women]]. However, if he cannot deal justly with each of the wives

==General Apologetics== ...Baz (1395 AH [1974 AD]), ''"Evidence that the Earth is Standing Still"'', Islamic University of Medina, Saudi Arabia. First edition, p. 23.</ref> and so does

...fic interpretations have been proposed, critiqued, and withdrawn by modern Islamic scholars - none, however, have been welcomed by the professional scientific ==Semen production in Islamic scriptures==

...009.pdf The 500 Most Influential Muslims in the World (P. 94)] - The royal islamic strategic studies centre, 2009</ref> adalah seorang cendekiawan muslim dan ...rt - [{{Reference archive|1=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-david-liepert/islamic-pedophelia_b_814332.html|2=2012-09-21}} Rejecting the Myth of Sanctioned Ch

...and physical autonomy. According to Islamic legal theory, while not all of Islamic law necessarily has a perceptibly rational basis, legal restrictions on wom ...dernist interpretations while noting where they may have merit, as well as apologetics that misquote, mistranslate, or side step difficult issues. She also critic

...my: 1. Conversion to Islam. 2. Payment of the [[jizyah]] and subjection to Islamic political dominion and the strictures of the [[dhimma]]. 3. Fighting until ...ectively. Similar terminology was used at a later time in reference to the Islamic civil wars in the early decades after Muhammad's death.

===In Islamic cosmology=== ...cal_knowledge|Muslim astronomers from the 9th century CE]] onwards, though Islamic texts expressing doubts about his ideas started to appear regularly from th

...wives or concubines]] according to the traditional Islamic sources.[[Dawah|Islamic apologists and du'aah]] often make the claim that he married many of these ...nSad.html#Book 90.6/ Ibn Saad, ''Tabaqat'' Vol. 1 Chapter 90:6].</ref> The Islamic tradition bears witness against the idea that Muhammad was in the habit of

...ay be compared with the wider content of [[Embryology in Islamic Scripture|Islamic embryology]]. Some argue that the vague statements of [[Embryology in the Q ...rtions and in dissection, the form of the semen prevails [compare with the Islamic nutfah/semen stage]. At this time, Hippocrates too, the all-marvelous, does

...usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent ...and physical autonomy. According to Islamic legal theory, while not all of Islamic law necessarily has a perceptibly rational basis, legal restrictions on wom

...o found in other late antique cultures. Slavery was a major feature of the Islamic world for over a thousand years. Largely as a result of pressure from colon ...collections mention female concubines acquired by Muhammad (see [[Rape in Islamic Law]]), and he reportedly accepted an Egyptian Coptic woman called Mariyah

...es - and therefore does not form a building block. This is contrary to the Islamic faith which postulates that human beings were created ''from'' clay, implyi [[Category:Apologetics]]

...ok itself makes frequent references to stories which were forgotten by the Islamic tradition itself, frequently switches person in narration, makes references In an attempt to prove the divine origins of [[Islam]], there are many Islamic websites promoting "word count miracles" in the Qur'an. The basic claim her

...biography and history of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, his "theology and world view", Islamic law, women and Wahhabism, ''jihad'' and the evolution of Wahhabism.<ref nam ...achings of religious scholars, whether [[priest]]s, [[rabbi]]s, [[ulama]] (Islamic clerics) or jurists, to be as authoritative as God’s revelation.”<ref n

...ically tolerate intercourse without physical harm (see [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]). Some Quran commentators and modernist Muslims mention opinions that ...19/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say

...ive, there is no Islamic scripture that actually claims that the Quran (or Islamic scripture in general) contain allusions to future scientific discoveries. C The most popular Islamic voices who have argued for the existence of scientific miracles in the Qura

To further complicate matters for apologists, Islamic sources state the seven earths being referred to in verse 65:12 are flat is .... </ref> Using the term 'heavens/skies' was common to refer to this in pre-Islamic Christian literature too.<ref>''[https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.

Even when the Islamic empires led the world in science in parts of the middle ages,<ref>''[https: ...ts never credited the Qur'an with prompting discoveries.''</ref> classical Islamic scholars/exegetes on the Quran aware of these facts never put forward theor

...ave been age 10; See: Denise Spellberg (1996), ''Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past: The Legacy of 'A'isha Bint Abi Bakr'', Columbia University Press, <no ...at Aisha's betrothal and marriage to Muhammad are presented as ordinary in Islamic literature, and may indicate that it was not unusual for children to be mar