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...slam]] is from [[Allah]], or God. This page lists summaries of articles on the wiki that are related to Miracles. ...to reinterpret relatively vague verses of Quran to attempt to demonstrate the scripture's foresight. This article provides an overview of this phenomenon

...themodernreligion.com/convert/islam_conversion_main.htm Embracing Islam] - The Modern Religion</ref> ==The text==

The Sabbath, in Hebrew שַׁבָּת‎ (shabat), in Arabic سبت (sabt), is a day when Jews are supposed to take a rest. ...est <ref>Tafsir al-Jalalayn explains the verse as "`do not act unjustly in the Sabbath` by fishing during it"</ref>):

...forged material made its way into the Qur'an and whether this verse itself is a later forgery. ==The Quran==

...word which can be used with that preposition, was invisibly inserted into the original word. ...elieve" and since "pray" can be used as "pray '''to'''", then "believe to" is also correct.

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} The story of the baby Jesus speaking is found in Q 19:29-31 and Q 3:46 (similarly Q 5:110).

.... Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the final message from the creator of the universe and people should follow it, today, tomorrow, and forever. ...through what was alleged to have been transmitted of Muhammad's saying in the [[Hadith|hadiths]] and [[sira]].

...t thinkers Hanbali school of Sunni Islam. He was the best known student of the famous Ibn Taymiyah. ...suspended until her husband also converts to Islam. However the woman has the option to wait for her husband to convert, or to end her marriage and marry

==The Injil according to the Qur'an== ...'''Injil''' (إنجيل) referring to the New Testament of the Bible - usually the four Gospels

...ot of the mercy of Allah, Who forgiveth all sins. Lo! He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.}} ...Say: O My slaves who have transgressed against their souls! Despair not of the Mercy of Allah.' (39.53) }}

...ion/Muslim/worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-full-report.pdf|title= The World’s Muslims: Religion, Politics and Society|publisher= Pew Research C ===Quran===

...refers to all of the implications of the existence of one god who created the universe and has very specific wishes for his creations. It stands in contr ==The word==

...98|6}}. Muhammad's message had been mocked and rejected by the majority of the Meccans, where he and his followers were persecuted and driven out. ...ometimes non-Muslims are described in only mildly negative ways, such as {{Quran|9|6}} which grants refuge to mushrikeen who seek it "for they are people wh

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...tween the Qur'an and previous Abrahamic scriptures have been noticed since the inception of Islam. These Quranic narratives, however, often do not always

...(course of) justice, nor commit adultery - and whoso doeth this shall pay the penalty;}} ...he fold of Islam and understands its command and then kills the soul there is no repentance for him.|See also: {{bukhari|6|60|334}} & {{bukhari|8|73|30}}

|keywords=Islam, Muhammad, Quran, Hadith, Sunnah, Origins, Early Islam |image=Quran.png

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ===God, Jesus and Mary: The Trinity?===

...cle lists the pronouns of the Arabic language and discusses their usage in the Qur'an. ...ritics|Arabic alphabet]], although transliterations will be provided. Only the Qur'anic Arabic will be discussed, but there are also other dialects of Ara

...narrative that are difficult to answer and questions that cast a doubt on the truthfulness or authenticity of Islam. ==The phrase in Arabic==

...the Mass, where the priest consecrates the sacrificial "body and blood" of the Lord Jesus Christ. ...d son Isma'il by Allah, an order that Ibrahim faithfully followed up until the last second when Allah stopped him and provided a ram to sacrifice in Isma'

...7, Verse 106]</ref>, and view the Qur'an as God's final revelation.<ref>[{{Quran-url-only|33|40}} Qur'an, Chapter 33, Verse 40]</ref><ref>Watton, Victor, (1 ...ad's words and actions) and the Sirat (biography of Muhammad). With these, the surahs can be separated into two categories; Meccan and Medinan.

...n order to be saved from [[Hell|eternal damnation]] or otherwise reprieved from his wrath. ==Revealed Books according to the Islamic tradition==

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...est to the Syriac Christian versions from which it takes numerous details. The Bible does not contain this tale.

...a coincidence even if it was true), and therefore the Qur'an must be from god. ...org/quran/miracle/word_month_occurs_Quran_12_times.html]</ref> but here it is:

...so known as grammatical shift or grammatical errors, refers to cases where the Quranic text makes strange grammatical shift in point of view or addressee ...that it makes the Quran better. Critics, however, suggest that iltifat is the result and evidence of an imprecisely produced or preserved Qur'an.

...Lord when you forget [it] and say, "Perhaps my Lord will guide me to what is nearer than this to right conduct."</small> ...e uncertainty about a certain event taking place in the future (the phrase is today rarely if ever employed to describe an undesirable future event).

...en translated as "mischief" in Islamic scriptures and is used to designate the evils deeds of both men and supernatural entities. ===Disputing Islam is making mischief===

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} According to the Qur'an, Jesus (with the permission of Allah) created a clay bird which he blew into and brought to

...ng within or near any city or population center is able to hear the adhaan from within their home, five times a day. Generally, the adhaan is recited melodically.

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...shing his people for their worship of idols (see also {{Quran|6|74}} and {{Quran-range|37|83|89}}). This has a strong parallel in Jewish Midrash and apocryp

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...inging and relationship with Zachariah. The following is what one finds in the Qur'an:

...(plural ''du'aah'' دعاة) is someone who "invites" to Islam, or carries out the Islamic proselytization. ...s almost exclusively on spreading Islamic practice among a population that is already Muslim.

...ughts about Islam, or thoughts that go against the teachings of Islam this is usually regarded as ''waswas (or waswasa).'' Critics see this as a way to d ==Waswas in the Qur'an==

...literal translation of this phrase from [[Arabic]] means "God is greater!" The phrase has a unique history in [[Islam and Scripture|scripture]] and its ea ...hadah]] is one of the [[Five Pillars of Islam|five pillars of Islam]], and is recited by all Muslims:

...lations often produced by history and analogy, and thus words derived from the same root came have very different meanings despite a common linguistic her ...but not actual meaning. For instance, all of these words are derived from the root S-L-M:

Note to editors: Please maintain the differentiation between Taqiyya and [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Lying and ...ch as open their breast to Unbelief, on them is Wrath from Allah...''" - {{Quran|16|106}}</ref>

...e. Eid al-Adha occurs on the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the final month of the [[Islamic Lunar Calendar]], and lasts four days. ...remainder is generally consumed by the family of the individual conducting the sacrifice.

...planations of the Holy Spirit and Gabriel, as the Qur'an claims to confirm the previously revealed scriptures. ==The Holy Spirit==

This article examines some of the problems that have been pointed out in [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] [[w:Christology| ...d at all. [[Surah]] 19 states that to regard Jesus as Son of God is one of the worse sins according to [[Islam]].

...logy which has many interpretations. The most popular interpretation today is that it's a natural human disposition to believe in Islam. ==In the Quran==

...Allah's Apostle, and Allah will never neglect him." '''Then Sura Al-Fath (The Victory) was revealed."''' }} {{Quote|{{Quran-wi|48|1}}|Lo! We have given thee (O Muhammad) a signal victory,}}

...ication of the Doubts</i><br><i>The Three Fundamental Principles</i><br><i>The Six Fundamental Principles</i><br><i>Nullifiers of Islam ...ble for popularizing in general.<ref>Cameron Zargar, "Origins of Wahhabism from Hanbali Fiqh," ''UCLA Journal of Islamic and Near Eastern Law'' 16, no. 1 (

...themodernreligion.com/convert/islam_conversion_main.htm Embracing Islam] - The Modern Religion</ref> ...n more about the history of the language, scripts and beliefs of Arabia in the centuries before Islam.

...on that the other scriptures are corrupted almost impossible to escape for the orthodox Muslim. Allah brought down the Torah and the Gospel:

...that Ibrahim attempted to kill in sacrifice, and is credited with building the [[Kaaba]] along with his father. ==Ismail as the forefather of Muhammad and the "Arabized Arabs"==

[[Image:Geographic Southpole.jpg|200px|The Geographic South Pole|thumb|right]] ...rom the very limited geographical knowledge available to the author of the Quran.

This article looks at the idea of free will in [[Islam]], especially in light of Islam's doctrine of 1. Allah is omniscient. <BR>2. Nothing happens except by Allah’s will. <BR>3. Allah H

...ad, the battle would solidify his reputation as a commander and strengthen the faith of his community. ...ge 141 </ref> and immediately set forth sound the alarm to his countrymen. The Meccans gathered outside of their place of worship and formed a force to st

...onologically based on when they were first created. Other key events from the first two centuries of Islamic history are also listed for reference. Many *~634 [[#Doctrina Jacobi|Doctrina Jacobi]] : "Prophet who has appeared with the Saracens"

[[File:Quran 2-79.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...hat the [[Qur'an]] states the previous [[Islam and Scripture|scriptures]] (the [[Taurat]] and [[Injil]]) were physically corrupted.

...generally agree today that among the most important daleels are, in order, the [[Qur'an]], [[Hadith]], Ijma (consensus of Islamic scholars or [[Muhammad]] ...nce, or a daleel, for the establishment of this fact, such as witnesses to the contract or a document.<ref>www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e

...ough the term was only used in Christian and Jewish literature to refer to god himself. ==Jibreel in the Qur'an==

...significant evolution during the early part of the Islamic era, reflecting the emerging imperial environment. ==Jihad in the Qur'an==

|title=WikiIslam - the online resource on Islam |keywords=Islam, Hadith, Skepticism, Allah, Quran

...''ash-shams'') and light (ٱلنُّور, ''al-noor'') in the Qur'an to consider the claim that they both appear 33 times. ...cludes the context of the word, so that we know what the Qur'an says about the sun.

...ansformation of preexisting ideas of Hubal and perhaps, another pagan Arab god, Baal, however these claims appear untenable. ...twelve men remained with the Prophet and the infidels martyred seventy men from us.

...tan'' or translated as Satan) and angel(s) in the [[Qur'an]] and considers the "miracle" of both appearing 88 times. ...r it refers to Iblees himself (usually preceded with "the"). It depends on the context.

...ept is known as '''Al Wala' Wal Bara'''' (loyalty and disavowal). A Muslim is required to love what Allah loves, and hate what Allah hates. ...lah-- Our Lord! on Thee do we rely, and to Thee do we turn, and to Thee is the eventual coming:}}

[[Category:People of the Book]] ...es of articles discussing the relationship between Islam and the People of the Book.

...of Isa.jpg|right|thumb|300px|An old Turkish depiction of the ascension of the Islamic Isa.]] ...ver many fantastic tales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures|apocryphal]] literature.

'''‘''Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib''''' (عبدالله بن عبد المطلب) is the name of Prophet [[Muhammad]]'s father. .../ref> According to Tabari, Muhammad also had another wife, though her name is not known.<ref>Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. ''Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk''

[[File:Al-Uzza with Zodiac.jpg|right|170px|thumb|The goddess al-Uzza at the Temple of Winged Lions in Petra.]] ...ic]] [[revelation]], only to later recant and claim they were the words of the Devil.

...in recognizing the reality of سحر "sahr" as in magic or witchcraft, which is envisioned as a black, malevolent force in league with [[shaytan]]. ...autious and armed, the arrow will have no effect and may even come back on the one who launched it.}}

...ar-universal assent in the Muslim world and comprise a fundamental part of the Islamic self-identity. ...wives and extended family shaped at times indirectly and at times directly the religious message he would be reported as having left behind.

...and who '''does not believe in Muhammad''' sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as the final messenger of Allah.''..." - [http://www.as-sidq.org/glossary.html Isl 1. (Islam) infidel, Infidel, pagan, non-believer; a non-Muslim aside from ahl al-kitab (Christians, Jews, etc.).

...unciation, by Sandro Botticelli, 1489-90 AD. <BR>According to tafsir text, the Qur'an mentions in two separate places that Allah sent Angel Gabriel to blo ...hese verses to indicate where Allah/Jibreel blew, and Farj means "vagina." The verse uses "Farjaha" which means "her vagina."

...the "Charter for Compassion" in Washington, DC and online. This "Charter" is a document which urges all people and religions to embrace peace and "to en In a survey of recent scholarship on the life of Muhammad, Tilman Nagel mentions Armstrong's writings as an example

...Resurrection they will be sent back to the severest of punishment."<ref>{{Quran|2|85}}</ref> ==God==

...under Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq. It is a prescribed punishment in {{Quran|5|33}} for those who cause 'mischief'.]] ...ng and/or nailing someone to a cross, stake or tree. It can also refer to the method of public display of a body after execution.

...Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World'',<br>''Visual Presentation of the Miracle''}} ...s in the Qur'an|numerological]] [[Islam and Miracles|miracles]] related to the number 19. He was [[List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|assas

...e Qur'an), and you did not write "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful" between them? ...thy surahs), and I did not write "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful" between them.}}

Among the many and diverse matters discussed in or touched upon by Islamic scriptures ...entific ideas circulating in the world during, and often from well before, the seventh century.

...rstanding of the science of embryology which was at all more advanced than the pre-scientific, flawed understanding of local cultures. ...our souls beforehand; and fear Allah. And know that ye are to meet Him (in the Hereafter), and give (these) good tidings to those who believe.}}

...tionally, but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you). Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful.}} ...(adopted sons) by (the names of) their fathers. That is more than just in the Sight of Allah." (33.5)|See also: {{bukhari|5|59|335}}, {{bukhari|8|78|656}

...concubines, and even how he cleaned himself after defecation and urination is an exemplar and model for all humans to follow at all times, regardless of ...ent on these actions as being worse for breaking the contemporary norms of the times these leaders lived in, exceeding even their contemporaries' expectat

This article discusses the meaning of the word '''consummate''' as mentioned in [[sahih]] [[hadith]]. Some [[apologists]] refuse to accept the existence of [[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummat

...ran and sunnah and different scholars came up with different lists. Out of the supposed 99 names of Allah, they altogether found at least 276 names. ==The phrase "beautiful names of Allah" mentioned in the Qur'an==

[[File:Quran 2-62.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...es discussing the fate of the [[People of the Book|people of the book]] in the Qur'an.

...martyr'' in [[Islam]] differs from the commonly agreed upon definitions of the word. ...later Islamic movement was borrowing a Greek Christian idiom which was by the time of prophet hundreds of years old.

...in classical commentaries and hadith is in many cases altogether different from this more modern understanding. {{Quote|{{Quran-range|109|1|6}}|Say: O disbelievers!<BR>I worship not that which ye worship

...ess ritually-intensive version of the Hajj that can be done at any time of the year. ...past, back to the time of Abraham, who they credit with having constructed the Ka'bah and founded Mecca.

...contains an accurate account of the formation of stars and early phases of the Universe. ...been known in 7^th century Arabia and has only come to light in the 20^th and 21^st centuries through modern scientific inv

...these hadith qudsi to be any more important than regular hadiths, although the reasoning behind this absence of distinction has not been clarified by them ...nal circumstance (''Asbab al-Nuzul)'']], particular where it occurs in the Quran.

[[File:Kaaba-flood-1941 1.jpg|right|220px|thumb|The Ka'aba was flooded by 5 feet of water in 1941.]] ...of Islam. In the Quran and Islamic tradition the Ka'bah is identified with the site of a sanctuary built by Abraham where he went to sacrifice his son Ish

...ing are forbidden under [[Islamic law]]. Surprisingly, this was not always the case. ==In the Beginning==

...s many spiritual gifts to the mujahid, including providing forgiveness for the sins of his family, and guarantees him 72 hour al-'ayn (sex nymphs) for all ==The Rewards of Jihadists==

...doctrine of [[naskh]]. Never the less, the incident is well documented in the Islamic tradition, with attestation in [[ibn Ishaq]], [[Tabari]], and [[Sah ...r, the third (goddess), Manat?<BR>What! for you the male sex, and for Him, the female?<BR>Behold, such would be indeed a division most unfair!}}

...nd examples from Muhammad's life to argue that friendship with non-Muslims is permitted in most circumstances. ...yyun], from which we also have 'wali' - the male guardian of a female). It is often translated as friends and protectors, or allies.

[[File:Maurice Bucaille.JPG|thumb|190px|right|Bucailleism is named after the French surgeon Dr. Maurice Bucaille.]] ...t&resnum=3&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=bucaillism&f=false Encyclopaedia of the history of science, technology, and medicine in non-western cultures], ed.

...s many spiritual gifts to the mujahid, including providing forgiveness for the sins of his family, and guarantees him 72 hour al-'ayn (sex nymphs) for all ==The Rewards of Jihadists==

...life to argue that close friendship/allied relationships with disbelievers is not forbidden in most circumstances. ==Quran==

[[File:Quran 4-129.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...the [[Sahih]] [[hadith|ahadith]] and from [[Islam|Islamic]] scholars as to the true meaning.

...far as is necessary for everyday life and to call them to Islam. Overall, the tradition encourages Muslims to keep to themselves and avoid entanglements ...yyun], from which we also have 'wali' - the male guardian of a female). It is often translated as friends and protectors, or allies.

...ngly, and some argue exclusively, as a doctrine of military conquest, with the reference to internal struggle being a metaphorical usage. ...-jihad.html Offensive Jihad Vs. Defensive Jihad] - Islamic Emirate Online, The Fiqh Department</ref>}}

..._Middle_Arabic_and_the_Legacy_of_Old_Ḥigāzī_w_a_contribution_by_R_Vollandt The Damascus Psalm Fragment] . 2020. p59</ref> Old Hijazi has two hallmarks that distinguishes it from classical Arabic and the Quranic reading traditions:

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...ferent languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars.

...y with the English philosopher John Locke's ideas of ''natural rights'' in the 17th century. ...ally on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent collision with modern v

...Islam. Whoso is forced by hunger, not by will, to sin: (for him) lo! Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.}} ...o the Prophet. It was Friday and the Prophet was standing at 'Arafat (i.e. the Day of Hajj)"|See also: {{bukhari|5|59|689}}, {{bukhari|6|60|130}}, {{bukha

...s fate (be it [[Jahannam (Hell)|Hell]] or [[Jannah (Paradise)|Heaven]]) on the Day of Judgement. ...is because it is believed that justice must be beholden to an all-powerful God rather than vice-versa.

...eir own lives in accordance with it, on penalty of torturous punishment in the hereafter, alongside unbelievers. ...riage is permissible. Broadly speaking, the four schools agree where there is explicit instruction on a legal matter in scripture deemed authentic, and d

...examples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...embellishes the Old Testament account with the episodes of the hoopoe and the Queen of Sheba exposing her legs.

...ic Law|Jihad]] regarding the Quranic verses and their context). Peoples of the past were also destroyed by Allah when his terror came to them unexpectedly {{Quote|{{Quran|7|4}}|How many a township have We destroyed! As a raid by night, or while t

...Muhammad and early Muslims, often with the aide of Allah, cast terror into the hearts of their foes and used terror as a weapon of war in [[Jihad]]. {{Quote|{{Quran|7|4}}|How many a township have We destroyed! As a raid by night, or while t

...es today, the inclusion of sharia based punishments varies widely, ranging from complete absense to dedicated attempts to include them, whether or not freq ...ammad stole, I would cut her hand." Then Allah's Apostle gave his order in the case of that woman and her hand was cut off. Afterwards her repentance prov

[[File:Quran 2-256.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...relates only to conversion to Islam, but not [[Islam_and_Apostasy|apostasy from Islam]].

...oring Byzantine Empire, Sassanid Empire and the Arab kings and warlords of the time. ...imprisoned; this shall be as a disgrace for them in this world,''' and in the hereafter they shall have a grievous chastisement,}}

<metadesc>Qur'anists are a small group who reject the hadith and sunnah, a critical component of Islam. They are rejected as apos ...part of Islam, and are viewed by mainstream Islam in much the same way as the Jehovah's Witnesses are viewed by mainstream Christianity (i.e. Catholics,

...e seems some harshness from you, she will say, "I have never seen any good from you."''" - {{Bukhari|7|62|125}}</ref>]] ...zing fire"), ''Hutamah'' (lit. "that which shatters"), ''Haawiyah'' (lit. "the abyss").

...ls (like the [[Hajj]]) and festivals (like [[Eid al-Adha]]), as it is with the Islamic calendar that these event correlate. |This is the first "sacred" month in the Islamic lunar calendar

...ity of the Qur'an, which was by this time well known as the sacred text of the Muslims and their empire. {{Main|Textual History of the Qur'an}}

{{Incompletetranslations|Quran and Modern Science – Conflict or Conciliation|Malayalam}} ...d=2355640483472559724 Zakir Naik - Questions and Answers 4 of 4] (30:15 in the video)</ref> .

...rn science. Criticism of these ideas has been widespread and has even come from Muslim scholars themselves. ==Philosophical concerns regarding the idea of a scientific miracle==

...or to push certain classical interpretations that are not supported by the Quran itself. ==Quran==

...ity of the Qur'an, which was by this time well known as the sacred text of the Muslims and their empire. ==Difficulty in Collecting the Qur'anic Verses==

...e clear marks of early sectarian influence, hagiographic idealization, and the competing fancies of early scholars of [[Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence)|Islam The two most authoritative, sahih collections of hadith are [[Sahih Bukhari]] a

...|Islamic law]] ever since [[Muhammad]]'s time and the founding of Islam in the deeply patriarchal culture of tribal 7th-century Arabia, where and when the ...estimony in a Sharia court compared to that of a man and the doctrine that the majority of Hell's inhabitants are women.

..., there is now known to be abundant evidence of significant literacy among the pre-Islamic Arabs. {{Main|Parallels Between the Qur'an and Late Antique Judeo-Christian Literature}}

...mentions these rituals every once in a while without providing anything in the way of clear details). ...s descendants through Fatima, as well as the twelve Imams). [[Criticism of the Hadith]]

...nce of, Islamic clergy, the Mutaween enforce the state's interpretation of the [[Islamic Law|Shari'ah]]. Alternate names include; clerical police, hisbah ...dgment and application of punishment for perceived violations of Shari'ah. The religious police discipline both Muslims and non-Muslims in Islamic states.

...unnah, the best the disbelievers can hope for under a Muslim government is the second-class citizenship of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimmitude|dhimmi ...ent with the Faith - but whoso findeth ease in disbelief: On them is wrath from Allah. Theirs will be an awful doom.}}

[[File:Quran 5-32.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...Islamic law for dissidents in an Islamic State who do not want to abide by the strictures of [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)]].

...this matter and the general consensus is that the practice of free-mixing is a crime punishable under [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Islamic law]]. ...by scholars who argue that free-mixing and socialization between the sexes is prohibited:

...niversity of California, 2020, pp. 194-6</ref> Manuscripts purported to be the original letters sent by Muhammad are known to be forgeries.<ref>See this [ ...Heraclius, emperor of Byzantium.<ref>Khan, Dr. Majid Ali (1998). Muhammad The Final Messenger. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, 110002 (India). ISBN 81-8

'''Zakir Abdul Karim Naik''' (born October 18, 1965) is an Indian apologist for [[Islam]]. He travels extensively and has been fea ...o makes arguments based off of his understanding a philosophical logic and the comparative study of other religions vis-a-vis Islam.

...th the Qur'an it is considered by the authorities of the Sunni Islam to be the perfect, unerring guide to mankind in all matters. {{Quote|{{Quran|2|106}}|None of Our revelations do We abrogate or cause to be forgotten, bu

..."cut off his or her hands". This particular punishment was carried out in the Taliban-era Afghanistan.]] ...t. This, along with beheading, flogging, [[stoning]], and [[crucifixion]], is a prescribed punishment in [[Islamic law]].

...fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers is a duty incumbent upon all able-bodied Muslim men. ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

...eech]] which omits this injunction is a recent fabrication and not part of the attested classical tradition. ...as, and still is, considered holy and even today non-Muslims are forbidden from entering.

...one of the earliest Egyptian deities and was said to have created mankind from clay.]] ...es|foreknowledge]] by correctly asserting the [[creation]] of human beings from clay.

...h, particularly in recent times and especially when the audience concerned is that of a developed, first-world variety which likely holds to modern notio ...hese verses. Similar mistranslations have been observed in translations of the hadiths as well as in translations of other key Islamic texts, such as lega

...a' that all non-believers who are not Jews or Christians ought to be given the choice of Islam or death, forced conversion in effect. ...rayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran|69|44-46}}| ...f>. Slovo ''wateen'' není použito nikde jinde v Koránu. <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=wtn#(69:46:4)</ref>

...married relations with each other, or when a woman marries someone against the wishes of her parents. ...unishment is death by stoning. These punishments are only to be applied by the authorities.

...a' that all non-believers who are not Jews or Christians ought to be given the choice of Islam or death, forced conversion in effect. ...rayers and practise regular charity, then open the way for them: for Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.}}

...he now apparent knowledge of the actual vastness of the universe vis-a-vis the earth. ...causeth the sun to rise from the east: Do thou then cause him to rise from the West." Thus was he confounded who (in arrogance) rejected faith. Nor doth A

...e West, and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance. Lo! Allah is All-Embracing, All-Knowing.}} ...n this context) that this verse was revealed:" So whether you turn thither is Allah's face" (ii. 115).}}

...he now apparent knowledge of the actual vastness of the universe vis-a-vis the earth. ...causeth the sun to rise from the east: Do thou then cause him to rise from the West." Thus was he confounded who (in arrogance) rejected faith. Nor doth A

...thing that Allah wills will come to pass, and only he knows what this fate is. ===Everything Happens by the Will of Allah===

...iman A. Mourad, “Mary in the Qur’an: a reexamination of her presentation,” The Qur'an in its Historical Context, Edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds (2008): 1 ...ses were the children of Amram (Imran in Arabic):{{Quote|1 Chronicles 6:3 |The children of Amram:

...gels make up the three sentient creations of [[Allah]]. Like human beings, the jinn can also be good, evil, or neutrally benevolent.<ref>El-Zein, Amira. [ ...sations between angels.<ref>[http://www.islamawareness.net/Jinn/world.html The World of Jinn] - Invitation to Islam, Issue 4, January 1998</ref>

[[File:Quran 3-54.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...permission to lie about the faith, which is not the case, as explained in the article [[taqiyya]]).

...ng that Muhammad himself never struck a woman and narrations claiming that the instruction in his farewell sermon referred to taping with a siwak (toothbr {{Main|Wife Beating in Islamic Law|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}}

...blatantly break gender norms are also condemned both by the tradition and the scholars. ...punish them both'''. If they repent and amend, Leave them alone; for Allah is Oft-returning, Most Merciful.}}

...doing his rounds amongst his wives. They also agree that he passed away in the arms of Aisha, his most beloved wife. ...d against Us''' some of the sayings, We would certainly have seized him by the right hand, then We would certainly have cut off his aorta.}}

...Qur'an) is Sura Tauba (i e. al-Bara'at, ix.), and the last verse revealed is that pertaining to Kalala.|See also: {{bukhari|5|59|650}}, {{bukhari|6|60|1 ...and the Last Day, and striveth in the way of Allah? They are not equal in the sight of Allah. Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.<BR>20. Those who believe

...anbali schools of jurisprudence, though a father was permitted to do so by the Maliki and Shafi'i schools if his daughter was still a virgin. They all agr ...n privately to the security team. Contacting the relevant national embassy is usually advised if already abroad.

...doing his rounds amongst his wives. They also agree that he passed away in the arms of Aisha, his most beloved wife. ...d against Us''' some of the sayings, We would certainly have seized him by the right hand, then We would certainly have cut off his aorta.}}

...y is called a ''murtad'' (مرتد, or 'apostate'). One who hides his apostasy is referred to as a ''munāfiq'' (منافق, or 'hypocrite'). ...e punishment for apostasy is execution in 11 Muslim-majority countries and is outlawed and otherwise punishable in many, many more.<ref>https://persecuti

...hich is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya.<ref> ...ewith)) and Allah also swore by what the angels write down of the works of the children of Adam"

...n Muslim lands are threatened, or a duty that must be fulfilled by a group from among them for expansionary purposes. ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

...x|Limb view of the Earth's atmosphere. Colors roughly denote the layers of the atmosphere.]] ...e to say, these modern apologetic claims themselves ignore or badly mangle the actual earth sciences they are attempting to co-opt in order to justify the

...an obligatory part of Islamic law. In the abscence of a mahr, the marriage is not valid <ref> Citation needed</ref>. ...pt under extenuating circumstances) because the man has availed himself of the service for which it was payment <ref> Citation needed </ref>.

...rogations in the Qur'an]]). Some critics point to this as a failure of the Quran and Muhammad to provide clarity on such an important matter. ...,'' Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers, </ref><ref>{{Quran|17|106}}</ref> During those years, a lot had changed in his personal and pr

...se without physical harm, which according to some jurists sometimes may be the case while she was still a minor. ...etheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

...) then one (only) or (the captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye will not do injustice.}} ...ment of Allah: "If you fear that you shall not Be able to deal justly With the orphan girls, then Marry (Other) women of your choice Two or three or four.

...y is called a ''murtad'' (مرتد, or 'apostate'). One who hides his apostasy is referred to as a ''munāfiq'' (منافق, or 'hypocrite'). ...e punishment for apostasy is execution in 11 Muslim-majority countries and is outlawed and otherwise punishable in many, many more.<ref>https://persecuti

...is the price paid by the man for the privilege of sexual intercourse with the woman. {{quote | {{Quran|4|19}} |

...the foible of Christianity as preached by Jesus as a religion of "turning the other cheek" to aggressors. ...slamic History of the Crusades|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-race-for-paradise-9780190614461?cc=us&lang=en&|page=30|isbn=9780190614461}}

...is the price paid by the man for the privilege of sexual intercourse with the woman. {{quote | {{Quran|4|19}} |

...s a typical Arab battle commander, very concerned with booty and driven by the need to acquire more of it. ...ver any He pleases: and Allah has power over all things.}}{{quote | {{cite quran|8|68|end=69|style=ref}} |

...commonly confused. Academic scholars have situated the Quranic concept in the context of ancient near east mythologies about eavesdropping devils and cel Humans have always looked up at night and seen the stars lighting the sky. Folklore around stars, before our modern understanding of them as giga

...s a typical Arab battle commander, very concerned with booty and driven by the need to acquire more of it. ...ver any He pleases: and Allah has power over all things.}}{{quote | {{cite quran|8|68|end=69|style=ref}} |

...ph is, however, only legally and not theologically binding upon members of the Muslim ummah who consider him legitimate. ...ar declared his allegiance to Abu Bakr as caliph. The Medinans present, it is said, then followed suit.

...to interpret its verses as alluding to the process. This article describes the verses and arguments that are sometimes employed for such purposes, as well ...re-Homo sapiens species that lived on earth for millions of years prior to the evolution of modern humans.<ref>[http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence What d

...e ''burqa'', ''niqab'', and ''dupata''. Some modern scholars disagree with the traditional interpretations that require head covering and many Muslim wome ...ho objected to them being recognisable in public. The Quran indicates that the dress requirements for believing women in general were to prevent molestati

...the prophet Ezra) and are thus subject to destruction and doom eternal in the Fire. Some verses are positive to at least some among the people of the book, especially if they accept Muhammad's message.

<metadesc>Syrian legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Qur'an</metadesc> ...io from an illustrated Islamic manuscript depicting the Seven Sleepers and the evil emperor led by a [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Racism|dark-skinned Sat

...the prophet Ezra) and are thus subject to destruction and doom eternal in the Fire. ...m Allah. That was because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations and slew the prophets wrongfully. That was for their disobedience and transgression.}}

...Islamic scholars to this day do continue their calls for re-instatement of the dhimma upon non-Muslims as part of a continuation of Jihad. ===Curse the Kafir===

...l Muttalib (عبدالله بن عبد المطلب‎‎). Father of Islam's prophet, Muhammad. The name literally means "Slave of Allah". ...n of Muhammad, who was also the father Muhammad’s wife Aisha. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of Islam after Muhammad’s death.

...t of the regulations placed on Christians and Jews under the Dhimma system is that they are not allowed to repair or build anew their churches and synago ...Hindus and Buddhists the same status as the Christians, Jews and Sabaeans the Middle East. They were all "dhimmi" ('protected people')|url=https://archiv

...ute the Dar al-Islam as opposed to a single unified state has complexified the debate. ...ese perspectives have fallen out of favor in recent times, particularly in the West among diasporic Muslim communities.

...Islamic scholars to this day do continue their calls for re-instatement of the dhimma upon non-Muslims as part of a continuation of Jihad. ===Curse the Kafir===

...ute the Dar al-Islam as opposed to a single unified state has complexified the debate. ...ese perspectives have fallen out of favor in recent times, particularly in the West among diasporic Muslim communities.

...Christian Literature|Judeo-Christian legends of the late antique period]], the legacy of its more immediate surroundings continue to this day in terms of ==History of the name Allah and the Basmala==

...ation, sitting on a throne. Academic work has situated this picture within the context of earlier Mesopotamian and Biblical cosmological concepts, while n ...ue context |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40379198 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=223-246 |

...khr.com/html/7071942.html Arabic Lexicon] (page in Arabic language)</ref>, the Arabic phrase ''Idri-boo-hunna'' which appears in Qur'an 4:34 (highlighted The [[Qur'an]] ([[surah]] 4:34) says:{{Quote|{{Quran|4|34}}|ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّس�

[[Image:72-houris.jpg|right|thumb|250px|An artist impression of the 72 virgins.]] ...as awards to believers. A [[hadith]] graded [[Sahih]] (authentic) details the number of houris that will be awarded to [[Martyr|martyrs]] (see "72 Virgin

...Al Qibtiyya.png|220px|right|thumb|Islamic seal of Mariyah as a "mother of the believers"]] ...n each case that the source was "both extremely rare and unreliable, or it is ambiguous".<ref>Jonathan A. C. Brown, ''Slavery & Islam'', Chapter 7: Concu

...s served as the basis for multiple rulings throughout history dealing with the treatment of captured non-Muslims by Muslim military forces. ...k without many casualties for the Muslims, but this proved to be no end to the fighting.

...s payment constitutes an act of [[kufr]] or unbelief. {{Quran|9|60}} gives the definitive set of beneficiaries of zakat. ...d in the way of Allah and the wayfarer; an ordinance from Allah; and Allah is knowing, Wise.}}

| other_names = Rasul Allah (Messenger of God) ...dia of the Islamic World''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017.

...couraged mass conversion to Islam to escape it, which is in large part how the Muslim countries came to have their Muslim majority populations. ...of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, '''until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.'''}}

...Islam, paying it is thus [[fard|mandatory]] for the believer, and denying the necessity of its payment constitutes an act of [[kufr]] or unbelief. {{Quote|{{Quran|2|43}}|Establish worship, pay the poor-due, and bow your heads with those who bow (in worship).}}

...am, a fact which explains the huge amount of material the Muslims wrote on the subject. ...lve us and have mercy on us, Thou, our Protector, and give us victory over the disbelieving folk.}}

...right|200px|The writers of the Qur’an and hadith were influenced by Galen, the hugely influential 2^nd Century Greek physician.]] ...igins of each of these ideas at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and the ancient Greek physicians.

...e="width: 40%"| <div style="text-align:center;">[[12 months miracle in the Quran]]</div> ...le="width: 40%"| <div style="text-align:center;">[[365 days miracle in the Quran]]</div>

...lso be sent there. The hadith also adds in the curious detail that most of the inhabitants of hell are/shall be women. ...ut those who reject Faith and belie Our Signs, they shall be companions of the Fire; they shall abide therein."}}

...izyah]] and subjection to Islamic political dominion and the strictures of the [[dhimma]]. 3. Fighting until death. ...m of the ''dhimmi'' in question<ref>{{cite book|last1=Yeʼor|first1=B|title=The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam|date=2011|publisher=Madison, NJ

...gage in [[ghusl|ritual cleansing]] before they are allowed to pray or read the Qur'an. The following narration does not exist in the English translations of Sahih Muslim, but a similar (but sanitized version)

...upper end of the range. On this page we present lists according to two of the most important scholarly opinions: those of Al-Suyuti (d.1505 CE) and Ibn S ...d Powers notes the following regarding the highs and lows of abrogation in the Qur'an.

...demns various groups for (allegedly) lying about Allah and Muhammad. Lying is generally also considered a sin for believers and truthfulness a virtue by ...obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the servant who endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a liar.".

...demns various groups for (allegedly) lying about Allah and Muhammad. Lying is generally also considered a sin for believers and truthfulness a virtue by ...obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the servant who endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a liar.".

...tinues to be taught in Islamic religious schools, even mainstream ones, to the present day. ==Jihad in the Qur'an==

...t [[Ali]] to lay claim to the caliphate, but was defeated at the Battle of the Camel. ==Reasons for the Marriage==

...ts the importance of rejecting medieval interpretations and not taking the Quran and hadiths as a repository of regulations to be applied at all times and p ...ent modern Islamic scholars have dissented from the favorable consensus of the Islamic tradition and ruled it to be unlawful.

...t [[Ali]] to lay claim to the caliphate, but was defeated at the Battle of the Camel. ...aid, "You are my brother in Allah's religion and His Book, but she (Aisha) is lawful for me to marry."}}

...eople were stoned to death between 1980 and 2009, though rarely since, and is also known to occur in tribal areas of Afghanistan.<ref>[https://blogs.loc. ...-day Qur'an does not explicitly mention the act, but according to hadith, the Qur'anic verses of stoning were written on a piece of paper and were lost w

...ran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity, spec ...y marvels and especially those marvels accessible to individuals living in the harsh, arid, and rocky environment of early 7th century Arabia.

...he biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). ...and the earth: When He decreeth a matter, '''He saith to it: "Be," and it is"''' }}

...are a collection of hadith and fatawa(fatwas) which may be of interest to the professional researcher or more casual reader. ...like that should be nullified." On that the Prophet said, "This is one of the brothers of soothsayers.'''|See also {{Bukhari|7|71|655}}}}

...he biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). ...and the earth: When He decreeth a matter, '''He saith to it: "Be," and it is"''' }}

..."a more moderate, sophisticated, and nuanced" interpretation of Islam than the "standard image" of Wahhabism.<ref name="DLB2004: 5">[[#DLB2004|DeLong-Bas, ...the evolution of Wahhabism.<ref name="B&N">{{cite web|title=Wahhabi Islam: From Revival and Reform to Global Jihad. Overview [blurb]|url=http://www.barnes

...he latter part of his life: at most he knew the prophet for 4 years before the latter's death. ..., and he subsequently abandoned the post then became emir of Madinah under the caliphate of Mu’âwiya.

...are a collection of hadith and fatawa(fatwas) which may be of interest to the professional researcher or more casual reader. ...like that should be nullified." On that the Prophet said, "This is one of the brothers of soothsayers.'''|See also {{Bukhari|7|71|655}}}}

...m world in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is now considered forbidden in the modern context by most scholars, though a minority, such as Saudi Sheikh Sa ...ossess, so that they may be equal with them in respect thereof. Is it then the grace of Allah that they deny?}}

...ital Price)|mahr]] from her husband, and the husband's lust is limited: it is not permissible to engage in anal sex even within an Islamic marriage. ...the women to act as they (the husbands) act by them, in all fairness; but the men are a step above them.}}

...ristian population and the Muslim invaders led by ''Umar Ibn Al-Khattab'', the second [[Rashidun Caliphs|Rightly-guided]] [[Caliph]]. ...existing, internationally recognized state implements the stipulations of the pact.

...a lot more complicated than this, particularly when multiple hadiths with the same/similar message are considered together). ...quoting material that their audiences will sooner or later come to realize is unreliable (thus undermining their own credibility).

...ns son analyse sur les [[Asbab al-Nuzul (Revelational Circumstances of the Quran)|circonstances derrière la révélation]] de ces versets, même si les had ...u hijab à travers l’histoire et la modernité.<ref>Elizabeth Bucar (2012) ''The Islamic Veil (Le Voile Islamique)'', Oxford: Oneworld Publications</ref> So

...ally on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent collision with modern v ...rms - however much an improvement in 7th century Arabia - as took place in the ideas of Islamic law that finally emerged.

...ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...d in a way that would seem positive to believers of the early Islamic era. From a modern secular point of view, many of these reports do not necessarily pr

...ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...example''' (أسوة حسنة, ''uswa hasana'') for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}

...a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran|65|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those who have not menstruated". ...ation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.

...rced conversion to Islam of the dhimmi in question <ref> Yeʼor., B., 2011. The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickins Jews and Christians were required to pay the ''jizyah'' while pagans were required to either accept Islam or die.<ref>{{

...ital Price)|mahr]] from her husband, and the husband's lust is limited: it is not permissible to engage in anal sex even within an Islamic marriage.   ==Men and women in the Quran==

...tion of this idea include the [[Apologists|apologists]] [[Zakir Naik]] and the Saudi-financed surgeon [[Bucailleism|Dr. Maurice Bucaille]]. ...in which mountains were supposedly formed and Allah having cast them into the earth.

...d profoundly possessed by the conviction that he was a prophet of [[Allah (God)|Allah]]. ...he Glorious, defeated them (the inhabitants of Khaibar), and there fell to the lot of Dihya a beautiful girl, and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) got her in excha

...ran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity, spec ...e/how-islam-won-and-lost-the-lead-in-science.html How Islam Won, and Lost, the Lead in Science.]'' Dennis Overbye. 2001. New York Times.

...itional Islamic sources.[[Dawah|Islamic apologists and du'aah]] often make the claim that he married many of these women because they were widows, elderly ...to those brides between 28 and 40 while the “middle-aged” group would mean the teenagers.

...d profoundly possessed by the conviction that he was a prophet of [[Allah (God)|Allah]]. ...he Glorious, defeated them (the inhabitants of Khaibar), and there fell to the lot of Dihya a beautiful girl, and Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) got her in excha

...nt language, which they call Old Hijazi, the ancient vernacular dialect of the Hijaz region which includes Makkah and Medina. ...ern Arabic dialects are completely devoid of the case system and devoid of the Hamzah to varying degrees.

...tion in which Muhammad himself participated, while a sariyyah (pl. saraya) is an expedition sent out by Muhammad but led by a companion. ==The sῑra-maghāzī literature==

...f punishments for apostates] legislated in majority Muslim countries today is available. ...e tradition as inauthentic, in line with their relative skepticism towards the hadith corpus.

...re increasingly finding their way into even the most devout communities of the Muslim world. ...miraculous. Hence Muslim apologists assert that the Qur'an is the word of God.

...authenticating isnads (chains of narration; indeed, in some cases no isnad is given at all). ...formed the most authoritative biographical source available on the life of the prophet.

...s to have doubts about its perfection, and on a scale that critics contend is an overwhelming weakness. ...t 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorte

...e a teacher but was forced to quit her classes upon engagement. Image from the ''New York Times Magazine''.]] ...ge of thirteen and the Persian Sassinids allowed marital consummation from the age of twelve.

...conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and possible influence from Arab Christians. ...in punishments at the hand of God (being turned into pigs and apes) and at the hand of [[Muhammad]] (being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and e

...10px|right|thumb|''Mein Kampf'' is a best-seller in the Islamic World, and is often sold along-side religious literature.<ref name="Alastair Lawson">Alas ...pressed and ideologized by Nazi Germany. Modern '''Islamic antisemitism''' is consequently based upon a medley of Islamic scriptural citations and new-fa

...ident assertion: "Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from [any] other than Allah, they would have found within it much contradiction. ...e of the most problematic, of the proposed contradictions are precisely of the theological, and not legal, variety.

...e and defensive throughout, and emphasise the hostile environment in which the believers found themselves (for more discussion, see [[Jihad in Islamic Law ...His hand, you have conquered no city, neither shall you conquer any until the Day of Resurrection, but that Muhammad was given its keys beforehand."}}

...Khan opposed the practice, the pressure to abolish slavery generally came from some combination of European colonial powers and economic and demographic s ===In the Quran and hadiths===

...interested in gaining booty and expanding his holdings and the dominion of the believers. ...His hand, you have conquered no city, neither shall you conquer any until the Day of Resurrection, but that Muhammad was given its keys beforehand."}}

...laah ibn Jibreen|date= |series= Fatwa No. 11419|archiveurl= http://archive.is/IN1WL|deadurl=no}}</ref> ..., as one of the Awliya said, some of them will need ghusl just for hearing the verse {Same-age young-bosomed girls} (78:33). As for us hard-hearted analph

...ation of this idea include the [[Apologists|apologist]] [[Zakir Naik]] and the Saudi-financed surgeon [[Bucailleism|Dr. Maurice Bucaille]]. ...in which mountains were supposedly formed and Allah having cast them into the earth.

{{Quote|{{Quran|9|61}}| ...a čtyřikrát v množném (verše 2:78, 3:20, 3:75 a 62:2). <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=Amm</ref> Z těchto veršů uvidíme, že to slov

...form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. ...routes (Infibulation is associated with the transportation of slaves), and the nature and degree of historical Christian influence (which tends to elimina

...e a teacher but was forced to quit her classes upon engagement. Image from the ''New York Times Magazine''.]] ...ge of thirteen and the Persian Sassinids allowed marital consummation from the age of twelve.

...al Islamic scholars noted that there were certain historical claims in the Quran and hadith which, taken literally (as Islamic orthodoxy holds they should b ===Mary as part of the Trinity===

...s of the [[Qur'an]], and passages of the [[hadith]] and [[tafsir]] provide the rational for totally banning alcohol. By extension, other substances that c Verses concerning alcohol arranged in [[Chronological Order of the Qur'an|chronological order]].

...x|Mohammed and his wife Aisha freeing the daughter of a tribal chief. From the Siyer-i Nebi]] ...'', or '''Aishah''') was married to [[Muhammad]] at the age of 6 or 7, and the marriage was consummated by Muhammad, then 53, when Aisha was aged 9 or 10

...ly inaccurate and influenced by Greek theories which had been available at the time. ...Harun Yahya]], and other apologists. Critics, like Dr. P.Z. Myers, believe the Quranic verses that mention embryology are incomparable and unacceptable to

[[File:Alexander the Great.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Alexander the Great depicted with horns on a silver tetradrachm of Lysimachos, circa 297- ...e; it likely never existed and was originally a legendary embellishment of the original Alexander legend.

...being largely ignored by the authorities, while reformist scholars reduce the Quranic command to a symbolic gesture (a tap with a small stick) or attempt ===Wife-beating in the Qur'an===

...ation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty. ...etheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

...ethnicity, and what may be called "race-relations" is a complicated one in the Islamic tradition. ...age racism (though as mentioned in the introduction, Islamic anti-Semitism is covered in a separate article).

...are essential cornerstones of Capitalism. The right to speak and what are the limits of speech are therefore all defined by human beings. ...عالى who gave the right of speech to people and defined the limits on what is acceptable and unacceptable speech.

...nstruments are permissable, others that all types are allowed if the music is for halal purposes. Many Sufi orders use music as a form of worship and mus ...}}|[Allah] said, "Go, for whoever of them follows you, indeed Hell will be the recompense of you - an ample recompense. And incite [to senselessness] whoe

...ent for men to keep otherwise chaste. In addition, various hadiths mention the sexual intercourse which slave owners (including Muhammad) had with their s ...porting rape in some countries where [[Zina]] (illicit sexual intercourse) is a punishable offence, as detailed below.