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...who Islamic scriptures say will bring peace and the final, global dominion of Islam). The Current leader, or Imam and [[caliph]], of the Ahmadiyya community is Mirza Masroor Ahmad.<ref>"Ahmadiyya Muslim Commu

...nist scholars and some academic scholars regard this division as a product of the expansionist ideology prevalent in the emerging empire and early Caliph ...ah will certainly aid those who aid his (cause);- for verily Allah is full of Strength, Exalted in Might, (able to enforce His Will).<BR><BR>

...ef><ref>Hutter, Manfred (2005). "Bahā'īs". in Jones, Lindsay. Encyclopedia of Religion. 2 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference US. pp. 737–740. ISBN ...es/articles/V1/v1n1a3.pdf The Specter of Ideological Genocide: The Bahá’ís of Iran] - War Crimes, Genocide, & Crimes against Humanity, Volume 1, January,

...er a period of twenty-three years<ref>''Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths,'' Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publish ...itions which record Muhammad's words and actions) and the Sirat (biography of Muhammad). With these, the surahs can be separated into two categories; Mec

...amic]] profession of faith. It is the most important of all [[Five Pillars of Islam|Five Pillars]], and its recitation in [[Arabic]] is required for a no ...nt color="darkred">Allah</font> and I testify that Muhammad is the apostle of <font color="darkred">Allah</font>.}}

...f fighting and Jihad underwent significant evolution during the early part of the Islamic era, reflecting the emerging imperial environment. ...but rather emphasises defensive fighting against aggression and religious persecution, with the expansionist-abrogationist view being linked to the early imperia

...images of Jesus, Mary, and Abraham inside the Kaba were kept on the orders of the prophet himself. There is scant regard for the example of the early Muslims.

...believe in Muhammad''' sallallahu alayhi wa sallam as the final messenger of Allah.''..." - [http://www.as-sidq.org/glossary.html Islamic Glossary]</ref ...identify as agnostics, or suggest simply their ignorance of the existence of any gods.

...nment, starting especially with the English philosopher John Locke's ideas of ''natural rights'' in the 17th century. ...y on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent collision with modern valu

...ional and critical perspectives on the beliefs, practices, and development of Islam. <!-- Beginning of header section -->

...ractitioners of any religious faith are simply to be reduced to the status of ''[[Jizyah]]''-paying [[Dhimmitude|''dhimmis'']].<ref>Gerhard Bowering, ed. All schools of Islamic law agree, however, that [[Islam and Apostasy|apostates]], even if

...law]], which is derived from the [[Qur'an|Quran]] and [[Hadith]] (accounts of [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] life). ...eople of Lut, We turned the city upside down and showered them with stones of baked clay, one after another.''" - {{Quran|11|82}}</ref> Yet another view

...rity populations, birthrates among Muslims are nearer to national averages of the countries in which they reside. Still, in these Western countries, Musl ...eb.archive.org/web/*/https://imamluqman.wordpress.com/2010/01/13/seven-out-of-every-ten-converts-leave-islam-by-imam-luqman-ahmad/}}</ref> - however, the

...1-08}} Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam] (the Islamic definition of "[[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]]" being the [[Qur'an]] and Prophet [[Mu ==Text of Declaration==

...ion to Islam of the dhimmi in question <ref> Yeʼor., B., 2011. The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Universi ...r, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel thems

...University Press, 2005, P. 140, ISBN 9780674017627</ref> It contains some of the earliest non-Muslim references to Prophet [[Muhammad]]. ...r, the Arab", "the most degraded of false prophets", "the Seal of prophets of the Lie", who "converted people to himself by the sword".

[[File:Broken cross.jpg|thumb|Part of the regulations placed on Christians and Jews under the Dhimma system is th ...pire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-1861891853|quote=The conqueror [[Muhammad bin Qasi

...ب‎‎). Father of Islam's prophet, Muhammad. The name literally means "Slave of Allah". ...o was also the father Muhammad’s wife Aisha. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of Islam after Muhammad’s death.

...erally in agreement that "jihad fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers [[Jihad_as_Obligation_(Fard)|is a duty]] incum ...but rather emphasises defensive fighting against aggression and religious persecution, with the expansionist-abrogationist view being linked to the early imperia

| style="width: 40%"| <div style="text-align:center;">[[99 names of Allah]]</div> | style="width: 40%"| <div style="text-align:center;">[[Ages of Muhammads Wives at Marriage]]</div>

This article discusses the numerous adverse effects of [[Islam|Islamic]] [[fasting]] (''[[Sawm]]'') that have been observed using ..., dehydration, migraines and, for lactating women, the nutritional make-up of their milk, among other harms.

| other_names = Rasul Allah (Messenger of God) | notable_works = Constitution of Medina

...[[jizyah]] and subjection to Islamic political dominion and the strictures of the [[dhimma]]. 3. Fighting until death. ...himmi'' in question<ref>{{cite book|last1=Yeʼor|first1=B|title=The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam|date=2011|publisher=Madison, NJ: Fairleigh

...enocides and acts of ethnic cleansing under Muslim regimes from the origin of Islam to present day. ...orld have not been uniquely peaceful, harmonious, or innocent of the kinds of attrocities perpetrated throughout history.

...the modern increase in anti-semitism in the Muslim world to the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and po ...ments at the hand of God (being turned into pigs and apes) and at the hand of [[Muhammad]] (being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and extorted

...en feature in Arab book-fairs and bookstores alongside Arabic translations of Hitlers ''Mein Kumpf'' (sometimes translated in Arabic as "My Jihad"). ...ments at the hand of God (being turned into pigs and apes) and at the hand of [[Muhammad]] (being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and extorted

...itched together to form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually also includes clitoridecto ...the practice in four hadith. Two hadith record the [[sahabah]] (Companions of Mohammed) engaging in the practice (see [[Female Genital Mutilation in Isla

...itched together to form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. ...lation/Cutting: a Global Concern (2016)]</ref> Assuming a world population of 7.9 billion, this means that about one in twenty girls or women world-wide

...Khadījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah ...ion as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...Khadījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah ...ion as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...irteen and the Persian Sassinids allowed marital consummation from the age of twelve. ...nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

A famous hadith states, "Telling of truth is a virtue and virtue leads to Paradise and the servant who endeavou ...ew verses permit believers to hide their faith when under threat. This was of great use a few centuries later when Shia Muslims were persecuted by the Ab

A famous hadith states, "Telling of truth is a virtue and virtue leads to Paradise and the servant who endeavou ...ew verses permit believers to hide their faith when under threat. This was of great use a few centuries later when Shia Muslims were persecuted by the Ab

...en called the sixth pillar of Islam, a fact which explains the huge amount of material the Muslims wrote on the subject. ...f the prophets fought (in Allah's way), and with them (fought) Large bands of godly men? but they never lost heart if they met with disaster in Allah's w

...ists and scholars, and the term Shari'ah is also often applied to its body of law. ...the [[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]] (perfect example). Since both the practice of Islam and its laws are based on the same source, they are inseparable from

...ghter.jpg|thumb|332x332px|Mohammed and his wife Aisha freeing the daughter of a tribal chief. From the Siyer-i Nebi]] ...''', '''Aishat''', or '''Aishah''') was married to [[Muhammad]] at the age of 6 or 7, and the marriage was consummated by Muhammad, then 53, when Aisha w

...scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, why, and in what fashion Jihad may be .... 798) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and late

...scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, why, and in what fashion Jihad may be .... 798) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and late

{{incompletetranslations|Analysis of the Pact of Umar|Spanish}} ...sulmana [{{cite web|url=http://www.aina.org/news/20110304222016.htm |title=of nearly 4,000 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.ai

...fter his [[Muhammad's Death|death]]. Many prophecies are considered "signs of the Hour" (Islamic eschatology). Some prophecies are general statements tha ==Signs of the Hour==

{{Incompletetranslations|Adverse Effects of Islamic Fasting|Arabic}} ...ى العمال المسلمين بسبب العمل تحت الحرارة على محمل الجد.<ref>Polish Journal of Occupational Medince 1991 4:3 219-28</ref>}}

...e religions to support this claim, and since it would require a conspiracy of people across centuries and empires, speaking different languages and holdi ...iterate culture before the advent of the printing press different versions of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the o

...e religions to support this claim, and since it would require a conspiracy of people across centuries and empires, speaking different languages and holdi ...iterate culture before the advent of the printing press different versions of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the o

[[File:The Miracle of Islamic Science.jpg|right|thumb]] ...sciencehistory.htm|2=2011-04-18}} Setting the Record Straight: The Miracle of Islamic Science]" (Na pravou míru: Zázrak islámské vědy) od Dr K. Ajra