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...e Morning Hours)#93:1|Qur'an 93:1-3]]|1. By the morning hours<BR>2. And by the night when it is stillest,<BR>3. Thy Lord hath not forsaken thee nor doth H ...velation: "By the forenoon And by the night When it is still! Your Lord (O Muhammad) has neither Forsaken you Nor hated you." (93.1-3)|See also: {{bukhari|6|60

|title=Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars |description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Qur'an, Hadith, and Scholars pages

...hen We read it, follow thou the reading;<BR>19. Then lo! upon Us (resteth) the explanation thereof.}} ...ld listen to him attentively, and as soon as Gabriel left, he would recite the Revelations, as Allah had promised him.|See also: {{bukhari|1|1|4}}, {{bukh

|keywords=Islam, Muhammad, Caliphate, Abbassid, Umayyad, Rashidun, Prophetic ...u'atazilite heresy. These years thus can be said to cover the formation of the religion of Islam as we know it today (see also [[History of Islamic Though

...t performed a prostration when he finished reciting Surat-an-Najm, and all the Muslims and pagans and Jinns and human beings prostrated along with him.}} {{Quote|[[The Holy Qur'an: An-Najm (The Star)#53:8|Qur'an 53:8-10]]|8. Then he drew nigh and came down<BR>9. Till he was (distant) tw

...ompany of the Jinn gave ear, and they said: Lo! we have heard a marvellous Qur'an,}} ...e! We have really heard a wonderful recital (Qur'an). It gives guidance to the right, and we have believed therein. We shall not join in worship, anybody

...erse was revealed (in this respect):-- "And we (angels) descend not but by the order of your Lord. To Him belong what is before us and what is behind us, ...d children?<BR>78. Hath he perused the Unseen, or hath he made a pact with the Beneficent?<BR>79. Nay, but We shall record that which he saith and prolong

...ye return (to disbelief).<BR>16. On the day when We shall seize them with the greater seizure, (then) in truth We shall punish.}} ...appened in the battle of Badr and no doubt smoke, Al-Batsha, Al-Lizam, and the verse of Surat Ar-Rum have all passed .|See also: {{bukhari|6|60|333}}, {{b

==The Injil according to the Qur'an== ...'''Injil''' (إنجيل) referring to the New Testament of the Bible - usually the four Gospels

...//tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Refer |1||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]]||19||La Meca||96

...c commentators take him to be synonymous with the Holy Spirit, even though the term was only used in Christian and Jewish literature to refer to god himse ==Jibreel in the Qur'an==

...shall turn (their) backs.<BR>46. Nay, the hour is their promised time, and the hour shall be most grievous and bitter.}} ...han their worldly failure)." (54.45-46) Khalid said that was on the day of the battle of Badr. }}

|title=Islam and the Judeo-Christian Tradition |description=WikiIslam portal for articles about Islam and the Judeo-Christian Tradition

...ey keep hidden and that which they proclaim. Lo! He is Aware of what is in the breasts (of men).}} {{quote|{{bukhari|6|60|204}}|Narrated Muhammad bin Abbas bin Ja'far<BR>

...Allah's Apostle, and Allah will never neglect him." '''Then Sura Al-Fath (The Victory) was revealed."''' }} {{Quote|{{Quran-wi|48|1}}|Lo! We have given thee (O Muhammad) a signal victory,}}

...fsir for its trustworthiness constitutes a large part of the work done for the Islamic community by its scholars. ==Qur'an==

{{Quote|[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Muddathir (The Cloaked One)#74:1|Qur'an 74:1-5]]|1. O thou enveloped in thy cloak,<BR>2. Arise and warn!<BR>3. Thy ...e he was in the cave of Hira. The angel came to him and asked him to read. The Prophet replied, "I do not know how to read.

|1||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq : L’Adhérence]]||19||La Mecque||96 |2||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qalam (The Pen)|Al-Qalam : La Plume (Calame)]]||52||La Mecque||68

...the Mass, where the priest consecrates the sacrificial "body and blood" of the Lord Jesus Christ. ...d son Isma'il by Allah, an order that Ibrahim faithfully followed up until the last second when Allah stopped him and provided a ram to sacrifice in Isma'

...e") and is the burial place of [[Muhammad]]. While not a mandatory part of the [[Hajj]] pilgrimage that all able Muslims are required to make at least onc ...uslims only; non-Muslims are neither permitted to enter nor travel through the city.

| children = [[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]] (son) ...ibn Abd al-Muttalib''''' (عبدالله بن عبد المطلب) is the name of Prophet [[Muhammad]]'s father.

...//tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Refer |1 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]]||Kapka přilnavá ||19 ||Mekka ||96||العَلَق nebo

...en might belongeth to Allah and to His messenger and to the believers; but the hypocrites know not.}} ...m, but they turned away their heads as if they were hooks of wood fixed in the wall (lxiii. 4), and they were in fact apparently good-looking persons.|See

This article analyzes the Islamic belief that [[Muhammad]] was able to perform [[Islam and Miracles|miracles]]. ...mmad's life also appear to adaptations of miracle stories from [[People of the Book|earlier faiths]].

...anctions defensive and pre-emptive fighting, with the battles mentioned in the earliest sources aligning with these principles (though this is certainly c ==Qur'an==

...d to be the first to surrender (unto Him). And be not thou (O Muhammad) of the idolaters.}} If you wish to know about the ignorance of the Arabs, refer to Surat-al-Anam after Verse No. 130:--Indeed lost are those w

...as a mercy from their Lord; and I did it not upon my own command. Such is the interpretation of that wherewith thou couldst not bear.}} ...found Khadir. (And) what happened further to them is narrated in the Holy Qur'an by Allah. (18.54 up to 18.82)|See also: {{bukhari|1|3|78}} }}

...John Wansbrough, and Yahuda Nevo.<ref name="Brown">Brown, Jonathan A. C. "Muhammad. A Very Short Introduction", Oxford University Press. pgs 94-95. </ref> ...onologically based on when they were first created. Other key events from the first two centuries of Islamic history are also listed for reference. Many

...mples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} According to the Qur'an, Jesus (with the permission of Allah) created a clay bird which he blew into and brought to

...on that the other scriptures are corrupted almost impossible to escape for the orthodox Muslim. ===Qur'an===

...lations often produced by history and analogy, and thus words derived from the same root came have very different meanings despite a common linguistic her ...but not actual meaning. For instance, all of these words are derived from the root S-L-M:

...p' (Al-Muddaththir)." I said, "I have been informed that it was, 'Read, in the Name of your Lord who created........ (i.e. Surat Al-Alaq). }} ...lot.<BR>3. Read: And thy Lord is the Most Bounteous,<BR>4. Who teacheth by the pen,<BR>5. Teacheth man that which he knew not.}}

...s quoted here describe some of the verses which are not present in today's Qur'an. ...voked evil on the infidels every morning for 30 days. He invoked evil upon the (tribes of) Ril, Dhakwan, Bani Lihyan and Usaiya who disobeyed Allah and Hi

...planations of the Holy Spirit and Gabriel, as the Qur'an claims to confirm the previously revealed scriptures. ==The Holy Spirit==

...refers to all of the implications of the existence of one god who created the universe and has very specific wishes for his creations. It stands in contr ==The word==

This page deals with contradictions in the [[Hadith]]. ===Did Muhammad see Allah?===

...ligious tolerance, freedom and pluralism, the traditional understanding of the verse in classical commentaries and hadith is in many cases altogether diff ==Qur'an==

...ises seven verses and is recited at least once during each unit of each of the five daily Islamic [[prayers]]. ...ic sources are divided on when this chapter was [[Revelation|revealed]] to Muhammad, with Ibn Abbas arguing for a [[Mecca|Meccan]] descent and others a [[Medin

This article examines some of the problems that have been pointed out in [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] [[w:Christology|Christology]]. ...d at all. [[Surah]] 19 states that to regard Jesus as Son of God is one of the worse sins according to [[Islam]].

...hat the [[Qur'an]] states the previous [[Islam and Scripture|scriptures]] (the [[Taurat]] and [[Injil]]) were physically corrupted. ...tians). Thus, the Qur'an is the 'return' to the true message of the God of the Bible.

...ar-universal assent in the Muslim world and comprise a fundamental part of the Islamic self-identity. ...wives and extended family shaped at times indirectly and at times directly the religious message he would be reported as having left behind.

[[Category:People of the Book]] ...es of articles discussing the relationship between Islam and the People of the Book.

...Sunni [[Islam]], the Prophet Muhammad is known as '''al-Insān al-Kāmil''' (the perfect human) and '''uswa hasana''' (an excellent model of conduct). This ...ent on these actions as being worse for breaking the contemporary norms of the times these leaders lived in, exceeding even their contemporaries' expectat

...mples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} The Qur'an tells the story of how Allah sent a raven to show Cain how to bury Abel.

...d yourselves, then we will pray humbly (to our Lord) and (solemnly) invoke the curse of Allah upon those who lie.}} ...dard to him, and Allah gave him victory. (The third occasion is this) when the (following) verse was revealed:" Let us summon our children and your childr

...ye proclaim? And whosoever doeth it among you, he verily hath strayed from the right way.}} ...warriors), do what you like, for I have forgiven you. "Then Allah revealed the Sura:--

...ation, by Sandro Botticelli, 1489-90 AD. <BR>According to tafsir text, the Qur'an mentions in two separate places that Allah sent Angel Gabriel to blow into ...hese verses to indicate where Allah/Jibreel blew, and Farj means "vagina." The verse uses "Farjaha" which means "her vagina."

...ey spend of their property (for the support of women)''. So good women are the obedient..." (tr. Pickthall; emphasis added).<ref>{{Quran|4|34}}</ref> ...Islam were progressive by the standards of 7th century Arabia, they stifle the advancement of women's rights today.

...s many spiritual gifts to the mujahid, including providing forgiveness for the sins of his family, and guarantees him 72 hour al-'ayn (sex nymphs) for all ==The Rewards of Jihadists==

...so known as grammatical shift or grammatical errors, refers to cases where the Quranic text makes strange grammatical shift in point of view or addressee ...iltifat is the result and evidence of an imprecisely produced or preserved Qur'an.

...iscussing the fate of the [[People of the Book|people of the book]] in the Qur'an. ==Qur'an==

...uggesting theories in which the letters were added after Muhammad's death. The Muqatta'at continue to be a topic of research and academic discussions in I ...`at, either singly or in combinations of two, three, four or five letters. The fourteen letters are:

...of Isa.jpg|right|thumb|300px|An old Turkish depiction of the ascension of the Islamic Isa.]] ...many fantastic tales of the doings of Jesus from [[Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures|apocryphal]] literature.

...s many spiritual gifts to the mujahid, including providing forgiveness for the sins of his family, and guarantees him 72 hour al-'ayn (sex nymphs) for all ==The Rewards of Jihadists==

...Pegasus, believed to be a creature from the [[heaven]]s which transported the various [[Islam|Islamic]] prophets. ...islam.co.uk/images/Ibn%20Ishaq%20-%20Sirat%20Rasul%20Allah.pdf The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's "Sirat Rasul Allah"].'' Translated by Alfred Guil

...ur brethren in the faith, and your clients. And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally, but what your hearts purpose (that w ...(adopted sons) by (the names of) their fathers. That is more than just in the Sight of Allah." (33.5)|See also: {{bukhari|5|59|335}}, {{bukhari|8|78|656}

...e Qur'an), and you did not write "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful" between them? ...thy surahs), and I did not write "In the name of Allah, the Compassionate, the Merciful" between them.}}

...mples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars.

...mples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...s and the palm tree, which first appears in the apocrypha and later in the Qur'an.

...y with the English philosopher John Locke's ideas of ''natural rights'' in the 17th century. ...this standard, inclusive usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in

...rap of paper upon which the verse of "breastfeeding an adult" was written. The practice, sanctioned by a  number of traditional jurists, is popularly rej ...pects (e.g. a brother and sister), the female does not have to observe all the requirements of hijab and is permitted to be alone with a male.

...ial punishments for transgressions of female sexual norms compared to when the same offence was committed by men. {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating}}

...Friend, and Gabriel and the righteous among the believers; and furthermore the angels are his helpers.}} ...ere 'Aisha and Hafsa And also the Statement of Allah: 'And (Remember) when the Prophet disclosed a matter in confidence to one of his wives!' (66.3) i.e.,

...in worldly life; and on the Day of Resurrection they will be sent back to the severest of punishment."<ref>{{Quran|2|85}}</ref> ...enge of whose 'eternal existence' had to be quelled through inquisition in the early history of Islam. Orthodox Islamic theologians hold God to be omnipot

...ity of the Qur'an, which was by this time well known as the sacred text of the Muslims and their empire. {{Main|Textual History of the Qur'an}}

...ity of the Qur'an, which was by this time well known as the sacred text of the Muslims and their empire. ==Difficulty in Collecting the Qur'anic Verses==

...ls (like the [[Hajj]]) and festivals (like [[Eid al-Adha]]), as it is with the Islamic calendar that these event correlate. |This is the first "sacred" month in the Islamic lunar calendar

...fare, where attacking women is endorsed by the example of the prophet, and the [[hudud]], which specify special punishments for transgressions of female s {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating}}

...ing are forbidden under [[Islamic law]]. Surprisingly, this was not always the case. ==In the Beginning==

...the foible of Christianity as preached by Jesus as a religion of "turning the other cheek" to aggressors. ...slamic History of the Crusades|url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-race-for-paradise-9780190614461?cc=us&lang=en&|page=30|isbn=9780190614461}}

...doctrine of [[naskh]]. Never the less, the incident is well documented in the Islamic tradition, with attestation in [[ibn Ishaq]], [[Tabari]], and [[Sah ==Qur'an==

This article discusses the meaning of the word '''consummate''' as mentioned in [[sahih]] [[hadith]]. ...Aisha]] in which she states that she was [[Marriage|married]] to Prophet [[Muhammad]] when she was six years old and that he consummated his marriage with her

...rations of Muslims as evidenced by the abundance of [[Hadith]] material on the subject. ===Practiced during Muhammad's lifetime===

...rstanding of the science of embryology which was at all more advanced than the pre-scientific, flawed understanding of local cultures. ==Qur'an==

...jm is the Islamic punishment for illegal sexual intercourse, as ordered by Muhammad himself.]] ...stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious

...jm is the Islamic punishment for illegal sexual intercourse, as ordered by Muhammad himself.]] ...stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious

...ich hath been immolated unto idols. And (forbidden is it) that ye swear by the divining arrows. This is an abomination. This day are those who disbelieve ...o the Prophet. It was Friday and the Prophet was standing at 'Arafat (i.e. the Day of Hajj)"|See also: {{bukhari|5|59|689}}, {{bukhari|6|60|130}}, {{bukha

...f Justinian, though this might not have been known by the author(s) of the Qur'an <ref>https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1316442397560246272</ref>. ==Qur'an==

...se without physical harm, which according to some jurists sometimes may be the case while she was still a minor. ...etheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

...and homosexuality. In the legal codes of Muslim majority countries today, the inclusion of sharia based punishments varies widely, ranging from complete ...ammad stole, I would cut her hand." Then Allah's Apostle gave his order in the case of that woman and her hand was cut off. Afterwards her repentance prov

...f Justinian, though this might not have been known by the author(s) of the Qur'an <ref>https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1316442397560246272</ref>. ==Qur'an==

...ies or to push certain classical interpretations that are not supported by the Quran itself. {{main|If Anyone Slays a Person (Qur'an 5:32)|l1=If Anyone Slew a Person (Qur'an 5:32)}}

| style="width: 40%"| <div style="text-align:center;">[[12 months miracle in the Quran]]</div> | style="width: 40%"| <div style="text-align:center;">[[365 days miracle in the Quran]]</div>

<metadesc>Qur'anists are a small group who reject the hadith and sunnah, a critical component of Islam. They are rejected as apos ==Qur'an only Islam==

...eir own lives in accordance with it, on penalty of torturous punishment in the hereafter, alongside unbelievers. ...es must be executed, and cousin marriage is permissible. Broadly speaking, the four schools agree where there is explicit instruction on a legal matter in

...in the Qur'an]]). Some critics point to this as a failure of the Quran and Muhammad to provide clarity on such an important matter. ...period of twenty-three years.<ref>''Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths,'' Mary Pat Fisher, 1997, page 338, I.B. Tauris Publishers,

...A. Mourad, “Mary in the Qur’an: a reexamination of her presentation,” The Qur'an in its Historical Context, Edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds (2008): 165.</re ...ses were the children of Amram (Imran in Arabic):{{Quote|1 Chronicles 6:3 |The children of Amram:

...other topics. While mainstream academic scholars and scientists have found the discussion of these topics contained in Islamic scripture to be unremarkabl ==Philosophical concerns regarding the idea of a scientific miracle==

...mples than are included in this series, see {{Main|Parallelism Between the Qur'an and Judeo-Christian Scriptures}} ...embellishes the Old Testament account with the episodes of the hoopoe and the Queen of Sheba exposing her legs.

...ph is, however, only legally and not theologically binding upon members of the Muslim ummah who consider him legitimate. ===Upon Muhammad's death (632)===

...ran and sunnah and different scholars came up with different lists. Out of the supposed 99 names of Allah, they altogether found at least 276 names. ==The phrase "beautiful names of Allah" mentioned in the Qur'an==

...eech]] which omits this injunction is a recent fabrication and not part of the attested classical tradition. ...nt Arafat. This area located in Saudi Arabia was, and still is, considered holy and even today non-Muslims are forbidden from entering.

...hich is also the name of the Arabic letter "n" ن. Two alternative names of the whale are Liwash and Lutiaya.<ref> ...ewith)) and Allah also swore by what the angels write down of the works of the children of Adam"

...such verses to advocate for religious freedom in Islam. Others argue that the verse relates only to conversion to Islam, but not [[Islam_and_Apostasy|apo ...place and self evident truth in the post-pagan, Christian millieu in which the principle became relevant.<ref>Patricia Crone. [https://www.ias.edu/sites/d

...'an]] 4:3, and evidence provided in the [[sahih]] [[hadith|ahadith]] as to the true meaning of this verse. ==Qur'an 4:3==

...ra revealed (in the Holy Qur'an) is Sura Tauba (i e. al-Bara'at, ix.), and the last verse revealed is that pertaining to Kalala.|See also: {{bukhari|5|59| ...and the Last Day, and striveth in the way of Allah? They are not equal in the sight of Allah. Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.<BR>20. Those who believe

...th the Qur'an it is considered by the authorities of the Sunni Islam to be the perfect, unerring guide to mankind in all matters. ==Qur'an, Hadith and Sunnah==

...oring Byzantine Empire, Sassanid Empire and the Arab kings and warlords of the time. ==Qur'an==

..."cut off his or her hands". This particular punishment was carried out in the Taliban-era Afghanistan.]] ...ne Net</ref> Within the context of [[Islam]], it refers to the removal of the hands or feet. This, along with beheading, flogging, [[stoning]], and [[cru

Fitrah (فطرة) is a term in Islamic theology which has many interpretations. The most popular interpretation today is that it's a natural human disposition ==In the Quran==

...3}}|The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is f ...tor said: He kept silence towards me. Then the verse was revealed:"....and the adulteress none shall marry save and adulterer or an idolater." He called m

...ent that "jihad fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers is a duty incumbent upon all able-bodied Muslim men. ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

...anguages such as English, particularly in recent times and especially when the audience concerned is that of a developed, first-world variety which likely ...hese verses. Similar mistranslations have been observed in translations of the hadiths as well as in translations of other key Islamic texts, such as lega

...The mahr is an obligatory part of Islamic law. In the abscence of a mahr, the marriage is not valid <ref> Citation needed</ref>. ...pt under extenuating circumstances) because the man has availed himself of the service for which it was payment <ref> Citation needed </ref>.

...rturing her husband in order to find his gold) and profoundly possessed by the conviction that he was a prophet of [[Allah (God)|Allah]]. ==Story of Her Capture and Marriage to Muhammad==

...his gold), and had earlier killed her father, and profoundly possessed by the conviction that he was a prophet of [[Allah (God)|Allah]]. ==Story of Her Capture and Marriage to Muhammad==

...s served as the basis for multiple rulings throughout history dealing with the treatment of captured non-Muslims by Muslim military forces. ...k without many casualties for the Muslims, but this proved to be no end to the fighting.

...ng that Muhammad himself never struck a woman and narrations claiming that the instruction in his farewell sermon referred to taping with a siwak (toothbr {{Main|Wife Beating in Islamic Law|Wife Beating in the Qur'an}}

...a' that all non-believers who are not Jews or Christians ought to be given the choice of Islam or death, forced conversion in effect. ===Qur'an===

...a' that all non-believers who are not Jews or Christians ought to be given the choice of Islam or death, forced conversion in effect. ===Qur'an===

...me in the Quran are prophecies of an escatalogical nature, i.e. concerning the last day. In Surah al-Rum, there is also a prophecy concerning contemporary ==The Romans (Byzantines) have been defeated in the nearest land - Quran 30:2-7==

...|Islamic law]] ever since [[Muhammad]]'s time and the founding of Islam in the deeply patriarchal culture of tribal 7th-century Arabia, where and when the ...estimony in a Sharia court compared to that of a man and the doctrine that the majority of Hell's inhabitants are women.

...(their ''qibla'', or direction of prayer) five times a day (another one of the Five Pillars of Islam). ...] (which the revelation describes as ''najas'', or "filthy") from entering the city. This law remains in effect until today.

...e replied, "They are not thankful to their husbands and are ungrateful for the favors done to them. Even if you do good to one of them all your life, when ...zing fire"), ''Hutamah'' (lit. "that which shatters"), ''Haawiyah'' (lit. "the abyss").

...is the price paid by the man for the privilege of sexual intercourse with the woman. ==Qur'an==

...s have signed the UN Convention Against Torture, though stoning appears in the legislation of a [[w:Stoning|small number of countries]] (though never util ==Qur'an==

...is the price paid by the man for the privilege of sexual intercourse with the woman. ==Qur'an==

...l Muttalib (عبدالله بن عبد المطلب‎‎). Father of Islam's prophet, Muhammad. The name literally means "Slave of Allah". ...father Muhammad’s wife Aisha. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of Islam after Muhammad’s death.

...ngly, and some argue exclusively, as a doctrine of military conquest, with the reference to internal struggle being a metaphorical usage. ...-jihad.html Offensive Jihad Vs. Defensive Jihad] - Islamic Emirate Online, The Fiqh Department</ref>}}

| name = Muhammad | birth_name = Muhammad ibn Abdullah

...doing his rounds amongst his wives. They also agree that he passed away in the arms of Aisha, his most beloved wife. ==Qur'an==

...ring a female virgin's consent (or at least a lack of protest). Reports of Muhammad's marriage to Aisha and of his companions marrying off their minor daughter ...tunity to explain the situation privately to the security team. Contacting the relevant national embassy is usually advised if already abroad.

...doing his rounds amongst his wives. They also agree that he passed away in the arms of Aisha, his most beloved wife. ==Qur'an==

...he favors to heaven and belief and those he despises to unbelief and hell. The fate of individuals, therefore, is ultimately not in their hands but in All ==Qur'an==

...rmulated]] their opinions on this matter and the general consensus is that the practice of free-mixing is a crime punishable under [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law ...is cited by scholars who argue that free-mixing and socialization between the sexes is prohibited:

...Al Qibtiyya.png|220px|right|thumb|Islamic seal of Mariyah as a "mother of the believers"]] ...writers who believe Muhammad married Mariyah, but found in each case that the source was "both extremely rare and unreliable, or it is ambiguous".<ref>Jo

...an hope for under a Muslim government is the second-class citizenship of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimmitude|dhimmitude]]. {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy}}

...in [[ghusl|ritual cleansing]] before they are allowed to pray or read the Qur'an. The following narration does not exist in the English translations of Sahih Muslim, but a similar (but sanitized version)

...o makes arguments based off of his understanding a philosophical logic and the comparative study of other religions vis-a-vis Islam. ...nal Trust, and the president of Islamic Dimensions. Naik is the founder of the Islamic International School.

...ross.jpg|thumb|Part of the regulations placed on Christians and Jews under the Dhimma system is that they are not allowed to repair or build anew their ch ...Hindus and Buddhists the same status as the Christians, Jews and Sabaeans the Middle East. They were all "dhimmi" ('protected people')|url=https://archiv

...blatantly break gender norms are also condemned both by the tradition and the scholars. ==Qur'an==

...s payment constitutes an act of [[kufr]] or unbelief. {{Quran|9|60}} gives the definitive set of beneficiaries of zakat. ==Qur'an==

...Islam, paying it is thus [[fard|mandatory]] for the believer, and denying the necessity of its payment constitutes an act of [[kufr]] or unbelief. ==Qur'an==

...ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...example''' (أسوة حسنة, ''uswa hasana'') for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}

{{Quote|{{Quran-wi|2|115}}|Unto Allah belong the East and the West, and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance. Lo! Allah is {{quote|{{muslim|4|1499}}|Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) used to say prayer on his camel

...ent that "jihad fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers [[Jihad_as_Obligation_(Fard)|is a duty]] incumbent upon all abl ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

[[Category:Qur'an]] ...ithdrawn by modern Islamic scholars - none, however, have been welcomed by the professional scientific or historian community.

...izyah]] and subjection to Islamic political dominion and the strictures of the [[dhimma]]. 3. Fighting until death. ...m of the ''dhimmi'' in question<ref>{{cite book|last1=Yeʼor|first1=B|title=The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam|date=2011|publisher=Madison, NJ

<metadesc>Syrian legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Qur'an</metadesc> ...ic manuscript depicting the Seven Sleepers and the evil emperor led by a [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Racism|dark-skinned Satan]]. Iran, Qazvin. 1550s.]]

...and if ye fear that ye cannot do justice (to so many) then one (only) or (the captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye wil ...ment of Allah: "If you fear that you shall not Be able to deal justly With the orphan girls, then Marry (Other) women of your choice Two or three or four.

...Islamic scholars to this day do continue their calls for re-instatement of the dhimma upon non-Muslims as part of a continuation of Jihad. ===Curse the Kafir===

...ed unlawful in [[Islamic law]]. Almost to emphasise the point, the rape of the slaves of other men is treated as property damage, not as zina bil jabr des ==Qur'an==

...Islamic scholars to this day do continue their calls for re-instatement of the dhimma upon non-Muslims as part of a continuation of Jihad. ===Curse the Kafir===

...ation, sitting on a throne. Academic work has situated this picture within the context of earlier Mesopotamian and Biblical cosmological concepts, while n ...ue context |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40379198 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=223-246 |

...ideas, attributes, and habits of the prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...rn secular point of view, many of these reports do not necessarily present Muhammad in a favourable light. Either way, hadiths and sirah material in general ar

...t [[Ali]] to lay claim to the caliphate, but was defeated at the Battle of the Camel. ==Reasons for the Marriage==

...ristian population and the Muslim invaders led by ''Umar Ibn Al-Khattab'', the second [[Rashidun Caliphs|Rightly-guided]] [[Caliph]]. ...existing, internationally recognized state implements the stipulations of the pact.

...rnicus helped explain and popularize a sun-centered (heliocentric) view of the universe. ...ich is not allowed to overtake it, though they will be brought together on the last day.

...t [[Ali]] to lay claim to the caliphate, but was defeated at the Battle of the Camel. ==Aisha's Relation to Muhammad==

...a lot more complicated than this, particularly when multiple hadiths with the same/similar message are considered together). ...ers' audiences now have access to the internet which can be used to verify the authenticity of a hadith and, as a result, preachers are wary of quoting ma

...re increasingly finding their way into even the most devout communities of the Muslim world. ...ul or rather miraculous. Hence Muslim apologists assert that the Qur'an is the word of God.

...he latter part of his life: at most he knew the prophet for 4 years before the latter's death. ..., and he subsequently abandoned the post then became emir of Madinah under the caliphate of Mu’âwiya.

...he now apparent knowledge of the actual vastness of the universe vis-a-vis the earth. ==Qur'an==

...ute the Dar al-Islam as opposed to a single unified state has complexified the debate. ...ese perspectives have fallen out of favor in recent times, particularly in the West among diasporic Muslim communities.

...s fate (be it [[Jahannam (Hell)|Hell]] or [[Jannah (Paradise)|Heaven]]) on the Day of Judgement. ...enounce this view as heretical would win first political favor and finally the contest of history. What results is that, today, all major schools of Islam

...he now apparent knowledge of the actual vastness of the universe vis-a-vis the earth. ==Qur'an==

...ute the Dar al-Islam as opposed to a single unified state has complexified the debate. ...ese perspectives have fallen out of favor in recent times, particularly in the West among diasporic Muslim communities.

...now illegal, though is not recognised as a crime in others (especially in the Arab world), which is true also of some non-Muslim countries. ==Qur'an==

...m world in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is now considered forbidden in the modern context by most scholars, though a minority, such as Saudi Sheikh Sa =Qur'an=

...form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually also includes clitoridectomy. ...e (see [[Female Genital Mutilation in Islamic Law#FGM in the Hadith|FGM in the Hadith]]).

...be due to their supposed intellectual deficiency, which was pronounced by Muhammad according to Sahih Bukhari. ...ggests the importance of rejecting medieval interpretations and not taking the Quran and hadiths as a repository of regulations to be applied at all times

...e [[Qur'an]], [[hadith]], and [[scholars]] place many restrictions on what the believers can and cannot do. ==Qur'an==

...tinues to be taught in Islamic religious schools, even mainstream ones, to the present day. ==Jihad in the Qur'an==

...itional Islamic sources.[[Dawah|Islamic apologists and du'aah]] often make the claim that he married many of these women because they were widows, elderly ...to those brides between 28 and 40 while the “middle-aged” group would mean the teenagers.

[[Image:72-houris.jpg|right|thumb|250px|An artist impression of the 72 virgins.]] ...as awards to believers. A [[hadith]] graded [[Sahih]] (authentic) details the number of houris that will be awarded to [[Martyr|martyrs]] (see "72 Virgin

...couraged mass conversion to Islam to escape it, which is in large part how the Muslim countries came to have their Muslim majority populations. ==Qur'an==

...Christian Literature|Judeo-Christian legends of the late antique period]], the legacy of its more immediate surroundings continue to this day in terms of ==History of the name Allah and the Basmala==

...nd later), often for various personal gains by the girls' guardian or with the intention to preserve family [[Honor violence|honor]] by helping her avoid ...se without physical harm rather than being linked to a particular age. See the article [[Forced Marriage]] for more detail and for sources of help for tho

...right|200px|The writers of the Qur’an and hadith were influenced by Galen, the hugely influential 2^nd Century Greek physician.]] ...igins of each of these ideas at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and the ancient Greek physicians.

...he avoidance of statements in the Hadith that reinforced misconceptions of the time, caused future generations to have doubts about its perfection, and on ...t 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorte

...the prophet Ezra) and are thus subject to destruction and doom eternal in the Fire. ==Qur'an==

...f participated, while a sariyyah (pl. saraya) is an expedition sent out by Muhammad but led by a companion. ==The sῑra-maghāzī literature==

...the prophet Ezra) and are thus subject to destruction and doom eternal in the Fire. ==Qur'an==

...men. The tradition also imputes impressive sexual prowress to him, such as the following hadith: ...hat the Prophet was given the strength of thirty (men)." And Sa'id said on the authority of Qatada that Anas had told him about nine wives only (not eleve

...witness, and condemns various groups for (allegedly) lying about Allah and Muhammad. Lying is generally also considered a sin for believers and truthfulness a ...ed as truthful, and lie is obscenity and obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the servant who endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a liar.".

...witness, and condemns various groups for (allegedly) lying about Allah and Muhammad. Lying is generally also considered a sin for believers and truthfulness a ...ed as truthful, and lie is obscenity and obscenity leads to Hell-Fire, and the servant who endeavours to tell a lie is recorded as a liar.".

[[Category:Muhammad]] ...s a typical Arab battle commander, very concerned with booty and driven by the need to acquire more of it.

[[Category:Muhammad]] ...s a typical Arab battle commander, very concerned with booty and driven by the need to acquire more of it.

...form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. ...routes (Infibulation is associated with the transportation of slaves), and the nature and degree of historical Christian influence (which tends to elimina

...are essential cornerstones of Capitalism. The right to speak and what are the limits of speech are therefore all defined by human beings. ...ngs Allah سبحانه وتعالى who gave the right of speech to people and defined the limits on what is acceptable and unacceptable speech.

...t 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorte ...and Allah's Mercy be upon you). Thus the angels added to Adam's salutation the expression, 'Wa Rahmatu-l-lahi,' Any person who will enter Paradise will re

...this standard, inclusive usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in ...be due to their supposed intellectual deficiency, which was pronounced by Muhammad according to a hadith collected in Sahih Bukhari.

...s of the [[Qur'an]], and passages of the [[hadith]] and [[tafsir]] provide the rational for totally banning alcohol. By extension, other substances that c ==Qur'an==

...am, a fact which explains the huge amount of material the Muslims wrote on the subject. ==Qur'an==

...n=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah<br>Zainab<br>Fatimah<br>Ruqayyah< ...as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...n=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah<br>Zainab<br>Fatimah<br>Ruqayyah< ...as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...roviding a comprehensive examination of the different interpretations of [[Qur'an]] 18:86 and 18:90. ...that the sun sets and rises in physical locations, and in particular that the sun sets in a muddy spring.

...renounces the faith, is death. This punishment is based on the command of the prophet mentioned and practiced by his companions according to hadiths. Thi ...e tradition as inauthentic, in line with their relative skepticism towards the hadith corpus.

...being largely ignored by the authorities, while reformist scholars reduce the Quranic command to a symbolic gesture (a tap with a small stick) or attempt See Also:[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Wife Beating]]

{{Incompletetranslations|Flat Earth and the Quran|Uzbek}} ...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]]

...tection as well as the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]] from her husband, and the husband's lust is limited: it is not permissible to engage in anal sex even ...the women to act as they (the husbands) act by them, in all fairness; but the men are a step above them.}}

...x|Mohammed and his wife Aisha freeing the daughter of a tribal chief. From the Siyer-i Nebi]] ...to [[Muhammad]] at the age of 6 or 7, and the marriage was consummated by Muhammad, then 53, when Aisha was aged 9 or 10 according to [[sahih]] [[Hadith|hadit

...nd fatwa material which do not fit into any other category but which never the less are remarkable in their own way. {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} ==Muhammad humiliates Satan the genie by choking him with his bare hands==

...usia Aisha demi membela Muhamad untuk pertama kalinya berasal dari Maulana Muhammad Ali yang hidup dari 1874 hingga 1951. ...diterbitkan oleh Al-Rahman Publishing Trust dengan judul, "''Age of Aisha (The Truthful Women, May Allah Send His Blessings)''"</ref> Pada bulan November

...lso be sent there. The hadith also adds in the curious detail that most of the inhabitants of hell are/shall be women. ==Qur'an==

...n clarifie également un certain nombre d'autres scénarios dans le verset [[Qur'an|65:4 du Coran]], notamment qu'il existe également une période d'attente d ...struation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.

...nd fatwa material which do not fit into any other category but which never the less are remarkable in their own way. {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} ==Muhammad humiliates Satan the genie by choking him with his bare hands==

...ieth-century reformers such as Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan opposed the practice, the pressure to abolish slavery generally came from some combination of Europea ===In the Quran and hadiths===

...d to the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and possible influence from Arab Christians. ...(being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and extorted by [[Sahabah|Muhammad's companions]] in [[Medina]]).

...mages-nazism-0022.jpg|210px|right|thumb|''Mein Kampf'' is a best-seller in the Islamic World, and is often sold along-side religious literature.<ref name= ...ties permitted to keep to their faiths under Islamic rule, in recent times the Islamic intellectual, social, and political milieu has grafted itself onto

...tection as well as the [[Mahr (Marital Price)|mahr]] from her husband, and the husband's lust is limited: it is not permissible to engage in anal sex even ==Men and women in the Quran==

[[File:Alexander the Great.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Alexander the Great depicted with horns on a silver tetradrachm of Lysimachos, circa 297- ...e; it likely never existed and was originally a legendary embellishment of the original Alexander legend.

...rious hadiths mention the sexual intercourse which slave owners (including Muhammad) had with their slaves. ...punishment for rape victims, human rights groups are also concerned about the risks faced by women reporting rape in some countries where [[Zina]] (illic

...e unjustly.|url= http://islamqa.info/en/11419|title= The female martyr and the male martyr’s reward of seventy-two hoor al-‘iyn|publisher= Islam Q&A|a ..., as one of the Awliya said, some of them will need ghusl just for hearing the verse {Same-age young-bosomed girls} (78:33). As for us hard-hearted analph

...e Quran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity ...y marvels and especially those marvels accessible to individuals living in the harsh, arid, and rocky environment of early 7th century Arabia.

| name = The History of al-Tabari<BR>Volumes 1-40 | image = [[File:The History of al-Tabari.jpg|150px]]

...types of instruments are permissable, others that all types are allowed if the music is for halal purposes. Many Sufi orders use music as a form of worshi ==Qur'an==

...?option=com_content&task=view&id=786&Itemid=60 Human Beings Should Respect the Sanctity of Other Human Beings]<BR>Tafsir Ibn Kathir|2=<font size="4">[فَ Ibn Kathir ve verzi jeho tafsíru zkráceném Sheikh Muhammad Nasib Ar-Rafa‘i, k tomu říká tohle (všiměme si, že tato část neby

...n|4|82}} makes the confident assertion: "Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from [any] other than Allah, they would have found within i ...e of the most problematic, of the proposed contradictions are precisely of the theological, and not legal, variety.

...e and defensive throughout, and emphasise the hostile environment in which the believers found themselves (for more discussion, see [[Jihad in Islamic Law ==Muhammad Had a Divine Right to Conquer Others==

...he biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). ==Qur'an==

...interested in gaining booty and expanding his holdings and the dominion of the believers. ==Muhammad Had a Divine Right to Conquer Others==

...he biblical timeline (although of course far from the now-known history of the universe as at least over 13 billion years old). ==Qur'an==

...ssical Islamic scholars noted that there were certain historical claims in the Quran and hadith which, taken literally (as Islamic orthodoxy holds they sh ===Mary as part of the Trinity===

...e Quran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity ...e/how-islam-won-and-lost-the-lead-in-science.html How Islam Won, and Lost, the Lead in Science.]'' Dennis Overbye. 2001. New York Times.

...pansion and explanation of the former by Islamic jurists and scholars, and the term Shari'ah is also often applied to its body of law. ...rfect example). Since both the practice of Islam and its laws are based on the same source, they are inseparable from one another.

...ethnicity, and what may be called "race-relations" is a complicated one in the Islamic tradition. ...e of the verses and hadiths that discourage racism (though as mentioned in the introduction, Islamic anti-Semitism is covered in a separate article).

<!-- it's the same ...ex finger and middle finger apart.) Ibn 'Umar said, 'The Prophet separated the couple of Bani Al-Ajlan by divorce and said thrice, "Allah knows that one o

...roviding a comprehensive examination of the different interpretations of [[Qur'an]] 18:86 and 18:90. ...that the sun sets and rises in physical locations, and in particular that the sun sets in a muddy spring.

...between our contributors and the top Quranic linguists and epigraphers in the field of Quranic studies." [https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1265265 ...on however is challenged both by parts of the Islamic tradition itself and the findings of modern scholarship.

...between our contributors and the top Quranic linguists and epigraphers in the field of Quranic studies." [https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1265265 ...on however is challenged both by parts of the Islamic tradition itself and the findings of modern scholarship.

...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

Jihad has been a perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how ...98) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later ch

Jihad has been a perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how ...98) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later ch

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...s execution of a troubling tribe of Jews. The sira tradition also portrays Muhammad as having been sensitive to criticism, particularly from poets, and he orde ...ah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=501}}|The Affair of Ka'b B. Zuhayr After the Departure from al-Ta'if:<br>

...n) and some prophecies make predictions about the the future to come after the hadiths were written. Prophecies in this article are from the hadiths. Quranic prophecies have a [[Quranic Prophecies|separate article]].

...y campaigns and played the role of supreme commander. He also took part in the battles himself, fighting and even being wounded. Jihad was thus a fundamen ...he late Umayyad court. For further discussion see [[List of expeditions of Muhammad]] and [[Jihad in Islamic Law]].

...y campaigns and played the role of supreme commander. He also took part in the battles himself, fighting and even being wounded. Jihad was thus a fundamen ...sword). Allah then defeated them. They were then brought and began to take the oath of allegiance to him for Islam...}}

...en able to avoid statements in the Quran that reinforced misconceptions of the time, caused future generations to have doubts about its perfection, and on {{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}

...4/f/wives_of_the_prophet.pdf/ Mus’ad, M. F. (2001). ''Wives of the Prophet Muhammad: their Strives and Their Lives'', p. 7. Cairo: Islamic Inc.]</ref> Dodici m ...ic-English Dictionary]. [http://www.behindthename.com/name/Khadija/ Behind the Name].</ref> probabilmente relativo alle circostanze della sua nascita.

...mplo, no se deberían incluir preguntas de la página "Contradictions in the Qur'an". ...rte de su sitio ([http://www.harunyahya.com/books/faith/school/school2.php The School of Yusuf - Harun Yahya]). [[:File:Makr Lane-Lexicon-page Vol 7-pg. 2

{{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}} {{Main|Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One}}