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...7, Verse 106]</ref>, and view the Qur'an as God's final revelation.<ref>[{{Quran-url-only|33|40}} Qur'an, Chapter 33, Verse 40]</ref><ref>Watton, Victor, (1 ...ad's words and actions) and the Sirat (biography of Muhammad). With these, the surahs can be separated into two categories; Meccan and Medinan.

This article analyzes the Islamic belief that [[Muhammad]] was able to perform [[Islam and Miracles|m ...mmad's life also appear to adaptations of miracle stories from [[People of the Book|earlier faiths]].

[[File:Quran 2-79.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...hat the [[Qur'an]] states the previous [[Islam and Scripture|scriptures]] (the [[Taurat]] and [[Injil]]) were physically corrupted.

...}}. Some contemporary views emphasize contextual issues and use particular verses and examples from Muhammad's life to argue that close friendship/allied rel ==Quran==

...follow at all times, regardless of historical circumstance and independent of culture. ...these leaders lived in, exceeding even their contemporaries' expectations of human cruelty and viciousness.

...political events, which too may have an escatalogical context and has been of considerable interest to academic scholars. ==The Romans (Byzantines) have been defeated in the nearest land - Quran 30:2-7==

This article discusses the meaning of the word '''consummate''' as mentioned in [[sahih]] [[hadith]]. ...marriage with her when she was nine [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|lunar years]] of age, even though these are recorded in Bukhari's sahih ahadith collection.

[[File:Quran 2-62.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...es discussing the fate of the [[People of the Book|people of the book]] in the Qur'an.

...eir opinions on this matter and the general consensus is that the practice of free-mixing is a crime punishable under [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Islamic la ==Qur’anic verses==

...-extremism-on-the-rise-in-middle-east/ Concerns about Islamic Extremism on the Rise in Middle East] Pew Research Centrue, 2014</ref> ...e also a few hadith (and one Qur'anic passage that has been related to one of them) which some have interpreted as indicating that killing oneself is all

..._Middle_Arabic_and_the_Legacy_of_Old_Ḥigāzī_w_a_contribution_by_R_Vollandt The Damascus Psalm Fragment] . 2020. p59</ref> Old Hijazi has two hallmarks that distinguishes it from classical Arabic and the Quranic reading traditions:

...important than regular hadiths, although the reasoning behind this absence of distinction has not been clarified by them or agreed upon in common. ==Historical interpretations of convenient revelations==

[[File:Quran 4-3.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...idence provided in the [[sahih]] [[hadith|ahadith]] as to the true meaning of this verse.

...e ''burqa'', ''niqab'', and ''dupata''. Some modern scholars disagree with the traditional interpretations that require head covering and many Muslim wome ...or believing women in general were to prevent molestation and for purposes of modesty.

...d off of his understanding a philosophical logic and the comparative study of other religions vis-a-vis Islam. ...nal Trust, and the president of Islamic Dimensions. Naik is the founder of the Islamic International School.

...ng on a throne. Academic work has situated this picture within the context of earlier Mesopotamian and Biblical cosmological concepts, while noting its o ...|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40379198 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=223-246 |doi= |acce

...x|Limb view of the Earth's atmosphere. Colors roughly denote the layers of the atmosphere.]] ...th sciences they are attempting to co-opt in order to justify their claims of an inerrant, scientifically accurate Qur'an and prophetic tradition.

<metadesc>Syrian legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in the Qur'an</metadesc> ...io from an illustrated Islamic manuscript depicting the Seven Sleepers and the evil emperor led by a [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Racism|dark-skinned Sat

{{Quote|{{Quran-wi|2|115}}|Unto Allah belong the East and the West, and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance. Lo! Allah is ...to Medina, in whatever direction his face had turned; and its was (in this context) that this verse was revealed:" So whether you turn thither is Allah's face

[[File:Quran 3-54.png|290px|right|thumb]] ...permission to lie about the faith, which is not the case, as explained in the article [[taqiyya]]).

...ns son analyse sur les [[Asbab al-Nuzul (Revelational Circumstances of the Quran)|circonstances derrière la révélation]] de ces versets, même si les had ...u hijab à travers l’histoire et la modernité.<ref>Elizabeth Bucar (2012) ''The Islamic Veil (Le Voile Islamique)'', Oxford: Oneworld Publications</ref> So

...ent that "jihad fi sabil allah" "Jihad-warfare on the path of god" against the unbelievers [[Jihad_as_Obligation_(Fard)|is a duty]] incumbent upon all abl ==Jihad in the Qur'an and Sunnah==

...tion of this idea include the [[Apologists|apologists]] [[Zakir Naik]] and the Saudi-financed surgeon [[Bucailleism|Dr. Maurice Bucaille]]. ...in which mountains were supposedly formed and Allah having cast them into the earth.

...prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...example''' (أسوة حسنة, ''uswa hasana'') for him who looketh unto Allah and the Last Day, and remembereth Allah much.}}

.... However, the Quran also clarifies a number of other scenarios in verse {{Quran|65|4}}, including that there is also a 3 month waiting period for "those wh ...ation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty.

...ran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity, spec ...accessible to individuals living in the harsh, arid, and rocky environment of early 7th century Arabia.

...y on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent collision with modern valu ...l, and physical autonomy. According to Islamic legal theory, while not all of Islamic law necessarily has a perceptibly rational basis, legal restriction

...cle providing a comprehensive examination of the different interpretations of [[Qur'an]] 18:86 and 18:90. ...that the sun sets and rises in physical locations, and in particular that the sun sets in a muddy spring.

...ation of this idea include the [[Apologists|apologist]] [[Zakir Naik]] and the Saudi-financed surgeon [[Bucailleism|Dr. Maurice Bucaille]]. ...in which mountains were supposedly formed and Allah having cast them into the earth.

...ran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity, spec ...e/how-islam-won-and-lost-the-lead-in-science.html How Islam Won, and Lost, the Lead in Science.]'' Dennis Overbye. 2001. New York Times.

...re increasingly finding their way into even the most devout communities of the Muslim world. ...her miraculous. Hence Muslim apologists assert that the Qur'an is the word of God.

...ب‎‎). Father of Islam's prophet, Muhammad. The name literally means "Slave of Allah". ...o was also the father Muhammad’s wife Aisha. Abu Bakr was the first Caliph of Islam after Muhammad’s death.

...prophet, all of which are held up by the ulemaa' as model behavior for all of mankind. ...and sirah material in general are considered to be very unreliable sources of historical information in modern academic scholarship, as well as by Islami

...Quran|4|82}} makes the confident assertion: "Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from [any] other than Allah, they would have found w ...e of the most problematic, of the proposed contradictions are precisely of the theological, and not legal, variety.

...nt language, which they call Old Hijazi, the ancient vernacular dialect of the Hijaz region which includes Makkah and Medina. ...ern Arabic dialects are completely devoid of the case system and devoid of the Hamzah to varying degrees.

[[File:OttomanEunuchsConcubines.jpg|right|thumb|275px|Concubines and eunuchs of Ottoman Harem in 1909]] ...did eventually occur, there was not a strong internally developed critique of slaveholding based in religious principles."<BR />Kecia Ali, Sexual Ethics

...ent for men to keep otherwise chaste. In addition, various hadiths mention the sexual intercourse which slave owners (including Muhammad) had with their s ...punishment for rape victims, human rights groups are also concerned about the risks faced by women reporting rape in some countries where [[Zina]] (illic

...al Islamic scholars noted that there were certain historical claims in the Quran and hadith which, taken literally (as Islamic orthodoxy holds they should b ===Mary as part of the Trinity===

...ation has been interrupted (for example, due to illness) and interpret the Quran as sanctioning marriage only with those who have reached puberty. ...etheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

...d to the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and possible influence from Arab Christians. ...ments at the hand of God (being turned into pigs and apes) and at the hand of [[Muhammad]] (being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and extorted

...mages-nazism-0022.jpg|210px|right|thumb|''Mein Kampf'' is a best-seller in the Islamic World, and is often sold along-side religious literature.<ref name= ...en feature in Arab book-fairs and bookstores alongside Arabic translations of Hitlers ''Mein Kumpf'' (sometimes translated in Arabic as "My Jihad").

...dījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah<br> ...ion as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...dījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah<br> ...ion as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...bits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...ists and scholars, and the term Shari'ah is also often applied to its body of law. ...rfect example). Since both the practice of Islam and its laws are based on the same source, they are inseparable from one another.

...bits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...ur contributors and the top Quranic linguists and epigraphers in the field of Quranic studies." [https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1265265807686340 ...challenged both by parts of the Islamic tradition itself and the findings of modern scholarship.

...ur contributors and the top Quranic linguists and epigraphers in the field of Quranic studies." [https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1265265807686340 ...challenged both by parts of the Islamic tradition itself and the findings of modern scholarship.

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...en able to avoid statements in the Quran that reinforced misconceptions of the time, caused future generations to have doubts about its perfection, and on {{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}

...scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, why, and in what fashion Jihad may be ...98) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later ch

...scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, why, and in what fashion Jihad may be ...98) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later ch

{{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}} {{Quote|{{cite quran|36|37|end=40|style=ref}}|37. Et une preuve pour eux est la nuit. Nous en é