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...//tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Refer |1||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]]||19||La Meca||96

|1||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq : L’Adhérence]]||19||La Mecque||96 |2||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qalam (The Pen)|Al-Qalam : La Plume (Calame)]]||52||La Mecque||68

...//tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Refer |1 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]]||Kapka přilnavá ||19 ||Mekka ||96||العَلَق nebo

...Pegasus, believed to be a creature from the [[heaven]]s which transported the various [[Islam|Islamic]] prophets. ...s://www.justislam.co.uk/images/Ibn%20Ishaq%20-%20Sirat%20Rasul%20Allah.pdf The Life of Muhammad. A translation of Ishaq's "Sirat Rasul Allah"].'' Translat

This article analyzes the Islamic belief that [[Muhammad]] was able to perform [[Islam and Miracles|m ...mmad's life also appear to adaptations of miracle stories from [[People of the Book|earlier faiths]].

...ls (like the [[Hajj]]) and festivals (like [[Eid al-Adha]]), as it is with the Islamic calendar that these event correlate. |This is the first "sacred" month in the Islamic lunar calendar

Fitrah (فطرة) is a term in Islamic theology which has many interpretations. The most popular interpretation today is that it's a natural human disposition ==In the Quran==

...3}}|The adulterer shall not marry save an adulteress or an idolatress, and the adulteress none shall marry save an adulterer or an idolater. All that is f ...tor said: He kept silence towards me. Then the verse was revealed:"....and the adulteress none shall marry save and adulterer or an idolater." He called m

...rmulated]] their opinions on this matter and the general consensus is that the practice of free-mixing is a crime punishable under [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law ...is cited by scholars who argue that free-mixing and socialization between the sexes is prohibited:

...ra revealed (in the Holy Qur'an) is Sura Tauba (i e. al-Bara'at, ix.), and the last verse revealed is that pertaining to Kalala.|See also: {{bukhari|5|59| ...and the Last Day, and striveth in the way of Allah? They are not equal in the sight of Allah. Allah guideth not wrongdoing folk.<BR>20. Those who believe

...A. Mourad, “Mary in the Qur’an: a reexamination of her presentation,” The Qur'an in its Historical Context, Edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds (2008): 165.</re ...ses were the children of Amram (Imran in Arabic):{{Quote|1 Chronicles 6:3 |The children of Amram:

...he now apparent knowledge of the actual vastness of the universe vis-a-vis the earth. ==Qur'an==

...he avoidance of statements in the Hadith that reinforced misconceptions of the time, caused future generations to have doubts about its perfection, and on ...t 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorte

...he now apparent knowledge of the actual vastness of the universe vis-a-vis the earth. ==Qur'an==

...an hope for under a Muslim government is the second-class citizenship of [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Dhimmitude|dhimmitude]]. {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Apostasy}}

{{Quote|{{Quran-wi|2|115}}|Unto Allah belong the East and the West, and whithersoever ye turn, there is Allah's Countenance. Lo! Allah is {{quote|{{muslim|4|1499}}|Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) used to say prayer on his camel

...t 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorte ...and Allah's Mercy be upon you). Thus the angels added to Adam's salutation the expression, 'Wa Rahmatu-l-lahi,' Any person who will enter Paradise will re

...ation, sitting on a throne. Academic work has situated this picture within the context of earlier Mesopotamian and Biblical cosmological concepts, while n ...ue context |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40379198 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=223-246 |

...dia of the Islamic World''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. ...e was God's Messenger (''rasūl Allāh''), called to be a "warner," first to the Arabs and then to all humankind.</q>

...ristian population and the Muslim invaders led by ''Umar Ibn Al-Khattab'', the second [[Rashidun Caliphs|Rightly-guided]] [[Caliph]]. ...existing, internationally recognized state implements the stipulations of the pact.

...t [[Ali]] to lay claim to the caliphate, but was defeated at the Battle of the Camel. ==Reasons for the Marriage==

...t [[Ali]] to lay claim to the caliphate, but was defeated at the Battle of the Camel. ...Aisha's hand in marriage. '''Abu Bakr said "''But I am your brother."''''' The Prophet said, "You are my brother in Allah's religion and His Book, but she

[[Image:72-houris.jpg|right|thumb|250px|An artist impression of the 72 virgins.]] ...as awards to believers. A [[hadith]] graded [[Sahih]] (authentic) details the number of houris that will be awarded to [[Martyr|martyrs]] (see "72 Virgin

...s of the [[Qur'an]], and passages of the [[hadith]] and [[tafsir]] provide the rational for totally banning alcohol. By extension, other substances that c ==Qur'an==

...men. The tradition also imputes impressive sexual prowress to him, such as the following hadith: ...hat the Prophet was given the strength of thirty (men)." And Sa'id said on the authority of Qatada that Anas had told him about nine wives only (not eleve

...m world in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is now considered forbidden in the modern context by most scholars, though a minority, such as Saudi Sheikh Sa =Qur'an=

...itional Islamic sources.[[Dawah|Islamic apologists and du'aah]] often make the claim that he married many of these women because they were widows, elderly ...to those brides between 28 and 40 while the “middle-aged” group would mean the teenagers.

...nd fatwa material which do not fit into any other category but which never the less are remarkable in their own way. {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} ==Muhammad humiliates Satan the genie by choking him with his bare hands==

...s a typical Arab battle commander, very concerned with booty and driven by the need to acquire more of it. ...9|6}}|What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger (and taken away) from them [the Jews] - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: but

...s a typical Arab battle commander, very concerned with booty and driven by the need to acquire more of it. ...9|6}}|What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger (and taken away) from them [the Jews] - for this ye made no expedition with either cavalry or camelry: but

...am, a fact which explains the huge amount of material the Muslims wrote on the subject. ==Qur'an==

...nd fatwa material which do not fit into any other category but which never the less are remarkable in their own way. {{QuranHadithScholarsIndex}} ==Muhammad humiliates Satan the genie by choking him with his bare hands==

...renounces the faith, is death. This punishment is based on the command of the prophet mentioned and practiced by his companions according to hadiths. Thi ...e tradition as inauthentic, in line with their relative skepticism towards the hadith corpus.

[[File:Alexander the Great.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Alexander the Great depicted with horns on a silver tetradrachm of Lysimachos, circa 297- ...e; it likely never existed and was originally a legendary embellishment of the original Alexander legend.

...this standard, inclusive usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in ...rms - however much an improvement in 7th century Arabia - as took place in the ideas of Islamic law that finally emerged.

...d to the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and possible influence from Arab Christians. ...in punishments at the hand of God (being turned into pigs and apes) and at the hand of [[Muhammad]] (being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and e

...mages-nazism-0022.jpg|210px|right|thumb|''Mein Kampf'' is a best-seller in the Islamic World, and is often sold along-side religious literature.<ref name= ...ties permitted to keep to their faiths under Islamic rule, in recent times the Islamic intellectual, social, and political milieu has grafted itself onto

...n|4|82}} makes the confident assertion: "Then do they not reflect upon the Qur'an? If it had been from [any] other than Allah, they would have found within i ...e of the most problematic, of the proposed contradictions are precisely of the theological, and not legal, variety.

...ssical Islamic scholars noted that there were certain historical claims in the Quran and hadith which, taken literally (as Islamic orthodoxy holds they sh ===Mary as part of the Trinity===

...roviding a comprehensive examination of the different interpretations of [[Qur'an]] 18:86 and 18:90. ...that the sun sets and rises in physical locations, and in particular that the sun sets in a muddy spring.

| name = The History of al-Tabari<BR>Volumes 1-40 | image = [[File:The History of al-Tabari.jpg|150px]]

...at least one recorded case of mass execution of a troubling tribe of Jews. The sira tradition also portrays Muhammad as having been sensitive to criticism ...ah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=501}}|The Affair of Ka'b B. Zuhayr After the Departure from al-Ta'if:<br>

Jihad has been a perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how ...98) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later ch

Jihad has been a perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how ...98) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and later ch

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...y campaigns and played the role of supreme commander. He also took part in the battles himself, fighting and even being wounded. Jihad was thus a fundamen ...considered to be relatively credible are the letters of 'Urwa b. Zubayr to the late Umayyad court. For further discussion see [[List of expeditions of Muh

...y campaigns and played the role of supreme commander. He also took part in the battles himself, fighting and even being wounded. Jihad was thus a fundamen ...sword). Allah then defeated them. They were then brought and began to take the oath of allegiance to him for Islam...}}

...en able to avoid statements in the Quran that reinforced misconceptions of the time, caused future generations to have doubts about its perfection, and on {{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}

{{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}} {{Main|Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One}}