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...rines and laws, as the Qur'an and Sunnah collectively form the [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]]. *[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Islamic Theology]]

...ah in Islam] - Alahazrat International Islamic Web</ref> the established [[Islamic Law|Shari'ah]] (consisting of the [[Qur'an]] and [[Sunnah]]). Hence, bid'ah *[[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]] ''- A hub page that leads to other articles related to Shar

...Muslim population range between 1.2 and 1.6 Billion. Most countries in the Islamic world are, on average, less developed than non-Muslim countries, with only ...ork and gambling are agreed upon to be forbidden under [[Islamic law]] and Islamic financial institutions avoid investing in such activites. Similarly prohibi

...aving the right to sit on the throne. Sunni jurists, although seeing their laws and ordinances as a source of divine guidance for the ummah, never the less ...damning the names of ‘Uthman and ‘Ali. Thus a caesura was introduced into Islamic history: the four caliphs before Mu‘awiya were deemed divinely guided and

...[hadith]]. Fiqh can be described as "the human understanding of the divine laws of God as [[Revelation|revealed]] to Muhammad". ...and rulings must not introduce anything new to or remove anything from the Islamic scriptures, as this is considered religious innovation, or [[bid'ah]], and

...le heirs relative to their fate in pre-Islamic Arabia, Islamic inheritance laws do favor male heirs, since, according to the Qur'an, "Men are in charge of So while Islamic inheritance law stopped the practice of inheriting widows and guaranteed fe

...tant daleels are, in order, the [[Qur'an]], [[Hadith]], Ijma (consensus of Islamic scholars or [[Muhammad]]'s [[companions]]), and some form of Qiyas (analogi ...aleel is also used to refer to empirical realities that are relevant to an Islamic ruling. If, for instance, a judge needs to establish whether or not a contr

...ber 10, 1198), was (with Ibn Sina) the most famous of the medieval [[Islam|Islamic]] [[Philosophy|philosophers]]. He was born in Cordoba, Spain. He wrote comm ...philosophers by separating them from the theological arguments of earlier Islamic philosophers such as al-Farabi and Ibn Sina.

..., Islamic clergy, the Mutaween enforce the state's interpretation of the [[Islamic Law|Shari'ah]]. Alternate names include; clerical police, hisbah groups, mo ...Shari'ah. The religious police discipline both Muslims and non-Muslims in Islamic states.

...iteralism in [[Islam]], and curtailing the spread of [[philosophy]] in the Islamic world. ...i, Abdul Hakim Ibrahim (2015-02-14). "Ibn Taymīyah, Taqī al-Dīn". ''Oxford Islamic Studies Online''. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on Oc

Islamic law recognizes circumstances where men may be violent with women. This incl ...im in Whose Hand my soul is, I will judge between you according to Allah's Laws: As for your sheep and slave girl, they are to be returned to you." Then he

...|last1=Ahmed |first1=Syed |title=Law relating to fornication (Zina) in the Islamic legal system: a comparative study |date=1999 |publisher=Andhra Legal Decisi ...English. The meaning also differs in relation to gender under traditional Islamic jurisprudence.

Islamic law recognizes circumstances where men may be violent with women. This incl ...im in Whose Hand my soul is, I will judge between you according to Allah's Laws: As for your sheep and slave girl, they are to be returned to you." Then he

...rg/read/paper/women-in-islamic-law-examining-five-prevalent-myths Women in Islamic Law: Examining Five Prevalent Myths] </ref> <ref>{{Cite web| title = Can Mu Despite these Islamic claims, Khul' is in many ways not the equivalent of the talaq for men:

...Rights Council of the Marze Por Gohar Party</ref> With the triumph of the Islamic revolution in 1979, this persecution of minorities has become systematized. ...[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]] through [[Islam and Apostasy|apostasy]] laws, because apostasy mandates that anyone who leaves [[Islam]] should be kille

[[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]] ...xuality is considered a sin in Islam and is punishable under [[Islamic Law|Islamic law]], which is derived from the [[Qur'an|Quran]] and [[Hadith]] (accounts

..., are related to times of sunrise and sunset. This is unproblematic from [[Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth|the flat Earth perspective]] found in those ...of the closest country with a distinguishable day and night. However, many Islamic scholars have declared that Muslims must fast for periods of up to and even

...y, for numerous Muslim-majority nations. Where Muslims are not governed by Islamic law, they are obligated to conduct their own lives in accordance with it, o ...d through the different interpretive apparatuses of the various schools of Islamic law. For all there differences, there is much that the four major Sunni sch

Tawheed (also spelled tawhid) is the Islamic monotheistic concept of god. Although the concept of [[monotheism]] is intr ..."making into one". The various translations of the word tawheed outside of Islamic theology are:

...ard to pagan "mushrikuun" of all times and all of their idols, including [[Islamic Law#Music and Art|the ancient Buddha statues of Afghanistan which were dyna ...and attitudes of the prophet regarding a given question. From an orthodox Islamic perspective, this is simply unthinkable. The Qur'an itself though delivered

Among the many and diverse matters discussed in or touched upon by Islamic scriptures are topics of direct or indirect scientific interest. These topi ...nterest. Though there is increasing resistance to the concept, some modern Islamic scholars argue that these portions of scripture, read in the orthodox liter

...badges to segregate "un-Islamic" and "idolatrous" communities from [[Islam|Islamic]] ones.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/fyi/news/05 Traditional Islamic sources proscribe Islamic rulers to impose the [[Dhimmitude|dhimma]] or pact of "protection" upon non

...as a product of their extreme historical and contextual distance. Whereas Islamic law was formulated in the harsh, unpredictable, and austere environment of ...usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent

...ould be again and again renewed and to whether or not multiple independent Islamic states, as have often existed throughout history and as exist today, could ...these rulings was that, as enemies of God destined to be conquered by the Islamic state, these non-Muslims themselves and their property were in fact booty e

...right|thumb|190px|A public stoning carried out in Afghanistan. Rajm is the Islamic punishment for illegal sexual intercourse, as ordered by Muhammad himself.] ...to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union

...ould be again and again renewed and to whether or not multiple independent Islamic states, as have often existed throughout history and as exist today, could ...these rulings was that, as enemies of God destined to be conquered by the Islamic state, these non-Muslims themselves and their property were in fact booty e

...x News, September 08, 2009</ref> is one of the most well-known examples of Islamic intolerance. However, this article discusses the lesser-known '''Muhammad C ...n to the offending cartoons. Ahmad Abu Laban, who was also the head of The Islamic Society of Denmark, called upon the Muslim world to "internationalize this

...right|thumb|190px|A public stoning carried out in Afghanistan. Rajm is the Islamic punishment for illegal sexual intercourse, as ordered by Muhammad himself.] ...to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union

...e (at times vague) Qur'an, they form the basis for the great majority of [[Islamic law]] and the [[Sunnah]]. Indeed, even the details regarding the [[Five Pil ...it is Not Possible|its criticisms]], as in the absence of hadith, much of Islamic ritual and religious history lacks basis.

Popular Indian Islamic preachers and apologists such as Dr. [[Zakir Naik]] often make the claim th ==Importance of Bhavishya Purana in Islamic Dawah==

...logist for [[Islam]]. He travels extensively and has been featured at many Islamic conferences. ...adith]] and other religious scriptures as a basis for spreading ''Dawah'' (Islamic proselytism). He also makes arguments based off of his understanding a phil

...laration on Human Rights in Islam] (the Islamic definition of "[[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]]" being the [[Qur'an]] and Prophet [[Muhammad]]'s [[Sunnah]] {{Quote|1=|2=Adopted and Issued at the Nineteenth Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers in Cairo on 5 August 1990.

...e overwhelming majority of Islamic scholars today embrace the tradition of Islamic violence in all three respects. ...n terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda and Boko Haram, although modern Islamic scholars have argued otherwise.

...|2|7|}}</ref> card games and other forms of gambling are forbidden under [[Islamic law]]. Surprisingly, this was not always the case. ...tions put on the sale, purchase, and drinking of alcohol by adults in many Islamic majority countries, including: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brunei, Ir

...'an, Hadith and Scholars:Corruption of Previous Scriptures}}It is a common Islamic belief that the Qur'an states that the previous scriptures (the Taurat and ==Biblical and Islamic Figures==

In Islamic law, there is no punishment merely for the shame caused upon a family by th ...The Prophet said, "No doubt I will judge between you according to Allah's Laws. '''The slave-girl and the sheep are to go back to you, and your son will g

...h the concept of justice is associated in the [[Portal: Islamic Scriptures|Islamic scriptures]] which are noteworthy for historical and literary reasons. One ...the contest of history. What results is that, today, all major schools of Islamic theology hold that while one may expect justice from Allah on grounds of li

...him, when [[Jesus]] came with the [[Injil]], it was necessary to leave the laws of Moses and follow him. Finally, when Muhammad came with the Qur'an, it be ...Tafsir Ibn 'Abbas, trans. Mokrane Guezzou, Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought|2=Then Allah went on to mention the believers among them, saying: (

...{cite book|author=Michael Bonner|author-link=Michael Bonner|title=Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|ye ...cent times such as the Islamic State, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan have continued to implement elements of the dhimma i

...o be a creature from the [[heaven]]s which transported the various [[Islam|Islamic]] prophets. ==Description in Islamic sources==

<metadesc>Ill health effects of Islamic Dress in relation to Vitamin D levels.</metadesc> ...e, observe the [[Islam|Islamic]] requirement of observing Hijab (a form of Islamic dress). This ranges anywhere from wearing a simple head covering, to the bu

Love for the sake of [[Allah]] and hate for the sake of Allah is an [[Islam|Islamic]] concept is known as '''Al Wala' Wal Bara'''' (loyalty and disavowal). A M Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624) was an Islamic scholar and a prominent Sufi. He is regarded as having rejuvenated Islam, d

...an Islamic State who do not want to abide by the strictures of [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)]]. ...including those who spread mischief/corruption, a concept about which the Islamic tradition has much to say.

...al-crimes-in-iran-and-afghanistan/ FALQs: Execution by Stoning and Privacy Laws Related to Sexual Crimes in Iran and Afghanistan] - Kelly Buchannan, Librar ...The Prophet said, "No doubt I will judge between you according to Allah's Laws. '''The slave-girl and the sheep are to go back to you, and your son will g

...ing and Jihad underwent significant evolution during the early part of the Islamic era, reflecting the emerging imperial environment. {{Main|Jihad in Islamic Law}}

...include the orginal letter, if it ever existed. A source external to the Islamic tradition, the Armenian historian Pseudo-Sebeos in the 660s CE mentions a l ...f Byzantium.<ref>Khan, Dr. Majid Ali (1998). Muhammad The Final Messenger. Islamic Book Service, New Delhi, 110002 (India). ISBN 81-85738-25-4</ref>]]

...support the Muslim poor, but it may also be used for other pursuits of the Islamic State such as [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|jihad]]. The payment of z ...-zakat-ul-fitr-in-non-islamic-lands The way of giving Zakat al-Fitr in non-Islamic Lands]<BR>Haytham bin Jawwad al-Haddad, Islam Awakening, Article ID: 984|2=

...support the Muslim poor, but it may also be used for other pursuits of the Islamic State such as [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|jihad]]. The payment of z ...le.php?articleID=984|2=2011-10-02}} The way of giving Zakat al-Fitr in non-Islamic Lands]<BR>Haytham bin Jawwad al-Haddad, Islam Awakening, Article ID: 984|2=

Dr. Mahmoud Mustafa Ayoub (born 1938), is a Muslim scholar and professor of Islamic Studies and Comparative Religion at Temple University (USA). ...ht position.<ref>“Uzayr in the Qur'an and Muslim Tradition” in “Studies in Islamic and Judaic Traditions”, ed. W. M. Brenner and S. D. Ricks, The University

...ubescent wives. Though there was no minimum age for the marriage contract, Islamic law generally permitted a girl to live with her husband and consummate the ...19/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say

...fact that most of the peaceful verses (written in Mecca) likely quoted by Islamic apologists, were, in fact, substituted by others (later written in Medina): ...phet Abraham, while in Quran 33:33 it has a more general sense. In its pre-Islamic usage, the term was applied to the ruling family of a clan or tribe, and th

In many Islamic countries and around the world, child marriages are common practice. Girls [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law|Islamic law permits child marriage]]. Jurists agreed that a father may compel his p

...logging, [[stoning]], and [[crucifixion]], is a prescribed punishment in [[Islamic law]]. ...co.za/article/2005-09-19-nigerian-islamic-court-orders-amputation Nigerian Islamic court orders amputation - Mail & Guardian Online - September 19, 2005]</ref

...age through sexual intercourse with her. The mahr is an obligatory part of Islamic law. In the abscence of a mahr, the marriage is not valid <ref> Citation ne ...lanations of the subject vary, the purpose of the mahr as explained by the Islamic texts is clear; it is a payment from a man to a woman; payment in full for

...sical and especially early Islamic literature, and finds no endorsement in Islamic scripture, which refers to Jihad overwhelmingly, and some argue exclusively ...nsive-jihad-vs-defensive-jihad.html Offensive Jihad Vs. Defensive Jihad] - Islamic Emirate Online, The Fiqh Department</ref>}}

...paying the jizyah and entering dhimmitude. At the same time, however, the Islamic tradition records that Muhammad gave the pagans of Mecca and later all of A ...save ''their lives'' (دِمَاءَهُمْ) and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah."}}

...paying the jizyah and entering dhimmitude. At the same time, however, the Islamic tradition records that Muhammad gave the pagans of Mecca and later all of A ...save ''their lives'' (دِمَاءَهُمْ) and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah."}}

All [[Madh'hab|schools]] of [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Islamic law]] require that Muslim [[Islam and Women|women]] over the age of majorit ...s of hijab through history and modernity.<ref>Elizabeth Bucar (2012) ''The Islamic Veil'', Oxford: Oneworld Publications</ref> Her book will be referenced at

...he head of state in a '''Caliphate''', and the title for the leader of the Islamic [[Ummah]] (body of Muslim believers) who serves as the successor to [[Muham ...ely close to Muhammad, and are therefore considered by Muslims to be model Islamic leaders who ruled in accord with the [[Qur'an]] and [[Sunnah]].<ref>[http:/

...ayed a role in some jurist opinions. Jurists also agreed that [[Slavery in Islamic Law#In_Islamic_law|female slaves]] could be married off to someone by their ...ut not all) modern Muslim majority countries have made [[Child Marriage in Islamic Law|child marriage]] and forced marriage illegal. Nevertheless, such marria

...nds. As such, the rape of slaves and wives is not considered unlawful in [[Islamic law]]. Almost to emphasise the point, the rape of the slaves of other men i ...t Hussain, Pakistan's minister of state for religious affairs|2=[It is] un-Islamic to stop husbands from having sex with their wives even if they were doing s

| style="width: 40%"| <div style="text-align:center;">[[Amputation in Islamic Law]]</div> | style="width: 40%"| <div style="text-align:center;">[[Child Marriage in Islamic Law]]</div>

...nia) and is considered no longer permissable in the modern context by most Islamic scholars. In many Muslim majority countries marital rape is also now illega {{Main|Rape in Islamic Law|Slavery in Islamic Law}}

...r foes and when they encountered each other in battle (see also [[Jihad in Islamic Law|Jihad]] regarding the Quranic verses and their context). Peoples of the ...Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “ ‘You (true believers in Islamic Monotheism, and real followers of Prophet Muhammad and his Sunnah) are the

When the children of a woman (in pre-Islamic days) did not survive, she took a vow on herself that if her child survives ...will enter Paradise in chains", meaning prisoners brought in chains to the Islamic state, then they embrace Islam sincerely and become righteous, and are ente

...Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “ ‘You (true believers in Islamic Monotheism, and real followers of Prophet Muhammad and his Sunnah) are the ...e is a divine system and law, and alongside it there are human systems and laws, then the matter is fundamentally different, and the divine law has the rig

...ive rise to have underpinned Islamic thinking and [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Islamic law]] ever since [[Muhammad]]'s time and the founding of Islam in the deepl Among the beliefs and rulings resulting from the Islamic doctrine of women being, as a rule, less intelligent and religious than men

The major schools of Islamic jurisprudence were in agreement that a pre-pubescent child could be contrac ...19/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say

The major schools of Islamic jurisprudence were in agreement that a pre-pubescent child could be contrac ...19/jun/21/senior-islamic-cleric-issues-fatwa-against-child-marriage Senior Islamic cleric issues fatwa against child marriage] - Guardian.com</ref> Unicef say

...Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “ ‘You (true believers in Islamic Monotheism, and real followers of Prophet Mohamed and his Sunnah) are the b ...e is a divine system and law, and alongside it there are human systems and laws, then the matter is fundamentally different, and the divine law has the rig

...rity in Sunni Islam (and who also accept Shi'ite fiqh as a fifth school of Islamic thought),<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/encyclopedia/chapter1b/14.html al-Az ...oves Their Guilt]|2=Dr. Yousef Elbadry, a member of the Higher Assembly of Islamic Affairs, accuses the Quranists of having a strange logic because relying on

...neck from the Muslim collecting it to symbolize his humiliated state, and Islamic fuqahaa' (legal scholars) throughout the ages have reiterated the legislati ...is in Islamic [[fiqh]] part and parcel to the larger theory of [[Jihad in Islamic Law]]. Paying the tax is one of the three choices that Muslims imams (leade

...usage, and comment specifically on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent ...and physical autonomy. According to Islamic legal theory, while not all of Islamic law necessarily has a perceptibly rational basis, legal restrictions on wom

...ions form a genre of the hadith known as the ''hadith qudsi''. Traditional Islamic scholars do not consider these hadith qudsi to be any more important than r According to traditional Islamic scholars and perhaps the Quran itself, while these "convenient revelations"

...d them according to the statement of Allah's Apostle, 'Whoever changed his Islamic religion, then kill him.'"}} ...rdained (cf. al-Shoora 42:21), unlike the permissive people who ignore all laws altogether. They are only pleased with whatever suits their whims and desir

...n%20Encyclopaedia&f=false "Jinn,"] 420-421, in Meri, Joseph W., ''Medieval Islamic Civilization - An Encyclopedia''.</ref> ==Islamic beliefs==

...of Islamic jurisprudence on the matter of Christians and Muslim living in Islamic lands. The rights and limitations placed on non-Muslims by Islam and, by ex ...document is and continues to be almost universally accepted as genuine by Islamic scholars. This view is echoed by some of Islam's greatest scholars and hist

Toutes les [[Madh'hab|écoles]] en [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|droit islamique]] exigent que les [[Islam and Women|femmes]] musulmane ...jab à travers l’histoire et la modernité.<ref>Elizabeth Bucar (2012) ''The Islamic Veil (Le Voile Islamique)'', Oxford: Oneworld Publications</ref> Son livre

...urisprudence is a complimentary expansion and explanation of the former by Islamic jurists and scholars, and the term Shari'ah is also often applied to its bo ...|uswa hasana]] (perfect example). Since both the practice of Islam and its laws are based on the same source, they are inseparable from one another.

...especially Nazi) terminologies and tropes. In illustration of this, modern Islamic anti-Jewish polemics often feature in Arab book-fairs and bookstores alongs ...y and into perpetuity. As a result of these misdeeds, Jews are reported by Islamic scriptures to have suffered certain punishments at the hand of God (being t

...s-nazism-0022.jpg|210px|right|thumb|''Mein Kampf'' is a best-seller in the Islamic World, and is often sold along-side religious literature.<ref name="Alastai ...especially Nazi) terminologies and tropes. In illustration of this, modern Islamic anti-Jewish polemics often feature in Arab book-fairs and bookstores alongs

Nun is the Arabic letter ن. It may however be taken to mean a [[The Islamic Whale| whale or large fish]]. ...0.php</ref>, 97 <ref>https://sunnah.com/bukhari</ref> or 98 <ref>http://al-islamic.net/hadith/bukhari</ref> books and there are 9 volumes (in the 93 books ver

In general, Islamic scripture, Qur'an, hadith and sunnah, exhorts women not to alter their natu ===Women had more freedom to display their beauty/charms in pre-Islamic Arabia===

In general, Islamic scripture, Qur'an, hadith and sunnah, exhorts women not to alter their natu ===Women had more freedom to display their beauty/charms in pre-Islamic Arabia===

{{Main|Slavery in Islamic Law}} {{Main|Rape in Islamic Law}}

...o found in other late antique cultures. Slavery was a major feature of the Islamic world for over a thousand years. Largely as a result of pressure from colon ...collections mention female concubines acquired by Muhammad (see [[Rape in Islamic Law]]), and he reportedly accepted an Egyptian Coptic woman called Mariyah

...onsentement explicite est interdit en [[Islam]]. Néanmoins, la [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari’ah]] échoue à épargner la catégorie la plus vulnérable : ...es relations sexuelles quand il le souhaite (ce qui revient à la [[Rape in Islamic Law|violer]]), la vendre à un autre homme, ou la donner en mariage. Ses d�

...ith the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the first World War), Islamic scholars to this day do continue their calls for re-instatement of the dhim ===The Place of the Dhimmi in Islamic Society===

...ive, there is no Islamic scripture that actually claims that the Quran (or Islamic scripture in general) contain allusions to future scientific discoveries. C ...angladesh, Canada, the UK, and Malaysia under anti-terrorism and anti-hate laws.<ref name="lmzn2">{{cite web|work=Livemint|title=Zakir Naik's colourful, co

.../or defending Islam. This understanding of jihad continues to be taught in Islamic religious schools, even mainstream ones, to the present day. ...d verse" of the 9th surah of the Qur'an, verse 29, has been interpreted by Islamic scholars throughout history as a never-ending call for jihad against the [[

...ith the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the first World War), Islamic scholars to this day do continue their calls for re-instatement of the dhim ===The Place of the Dhimmi in Islamic Society===

According to [[Islamic law]], it is a criminal offense to speak ill of [[Islam]], its [[Muhammad|P As defined by Islamic Scholars:

...aw|who you can and cannot marry]] and how [[Critical Analysis: Inheritance Laws|an inheritance can be divided]]. The Qur'an also retells stories multiple t ...n a number of different ways. Other than describing a flat earth ''(see: [[Islamic Views on the Shape of the Earth]])'', this is also at odds with the scienti

Even when the Islamic empires led the world in science in parts of the middle ages,<ref>''[https: ...ts never credited the Qur'an with prompting discoveries.''</ref> classical Islamic scholars/exegetes on the Quran aware of these facts never put forward theor

...lavery|slave]] and without her consent. There was no concept of consent in Islamic law with regard either to a man's wives or slaves, though they could bring ...ion in the Wikipedia article [[w:Marital rape laws by country|Marital rape laws by country]], though note that in some cases the colour-coded map is inaccu

...and physical autonomy. According to Islamic legal theory, while not all of Islamic law necessarily has a perceptibly rational basis, legal restrictions on wom ...[[w:Kecia Ali|Kecia Ali]] are renowned regarding the historical and modern Islamic approaches to women. Before her, ''Women and Gender in Islam'' by Leila Ahm

...re the complete covering of the body. The Sunni Islamic schools of [[Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence)]] differ on the requirements for women to cover their feet, ...panion and father-in-law to the prophet, as well as a future caliph of the Islamic empire. 'Umar took this role by forcing his view on Muhammad, whereupon ers

...e the culture's level of anxiety around female sexuality, its proximity to Islamic slave-trade routes (Infibulation is associated with the transportation of s ...mmended or required by the dominant classical view of all Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and seems to have been generally approved by Shi'i jurists a

...son, his [[Sunnah]] or traditions is one of the basic building blocks of [[Islamic Law]] (the other being the [[Qur'an]]). This tradition is preserved mostly {{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Islamic Silliness}}

...'an, Hadith and Scholars:Jihad|Jihad]] against the disbelievers [[Jihad in Islamic Law|was interpreted]] by scholars in a developing imperial context to suppo ...d them according to the statement of Allah's Apostle, 'Whoever changed his Islamic religion, then kill him.'"}}

...ort (2013)]</ref>), or to non-Islamic societies that have been hubs of the Islamic slave trade (e.g. Ethiopia and Eritrea<ref>[https://data.unicef.org/wp-cont ...itle=Female_Genital_Mutilation_in_Islam&stable=0#FGM_in_Islamic_Law FGM in Islamic law]).

...ould strengthen people's faith while at the same time not impacting formal Islamic law or doctrine. Though such general permission did not go uncritiqued, it ...dge to which this narration is referring to is held to be knowledge of the Islamic Shari’ah and not knowledge in general.

...rity non-Muslim countries, and fly in the face of over a thousand years of Islamic commentary and exegesis. ...t translation into her translation of the Qur'an, a translation which the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) refused to sell in their bookstore for its

...consequences when local religious authorities pressure families to follow Islamic law. [https://persecution.exmuslims.org/countries A maintained list of puni ...y for those who are public about their renunciation of Islam. In contrast, Islamic modernists generally point to {{Quran|2|256}}, the interpretations of which

The Islamic tradition has much to say on different animals. Perhaps most strikingly, th ===Vegetarianism due to compassion for animals is un-Islamic===

The Islamic tradition has much to say on different animals. Perhaps most strikingly, th ===Vegetarianism due to compassion for animals is un-Islamic===

<metadesc>Islamic fasting has significant harmful effects on health, national economy and pro This article discusses the numerous adverse effects of [[Islam|Islamic]] [[fasting]] (''[[Sawm]]'') that have been observed using [[Islam and Scie

The Islamic tradition is truly vast, and covers an impressive number of different topic ...alasa was the idol of the Daus tribe which they used to worship in the Pre Islamic Period of ignorance.}}

...in academia, but also among Islamic modernists, as well as in the broader Islamic tradition, a perception which has filtered through to public awareness toda ..._2015/7.pdf Blasphemy law of Islam-Misconceptions and Fallacy], Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture (2015), Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 48-57 DOI: 10.15640/jisc.v3n

...t disciples of Abu Hanifa (latter being the eponym of the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence), and Abu Yusuf, as well as an eminent jurist. ...o the territory of Islam.<ref>Excerpted from Majid Khadduri, trans., ''The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani's Siyar'' (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Pres

...t disciples of Abu Hanifa (latter being the eponym of the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence), and Abu Yusuf, as well as an eminent jurist. ...o the territory of Islam.<ref>Excerpted from Majid Khadduri, trans., ''The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani's Siyar'' (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Pres

{{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=4|Content=4|Language=4|References=3}}The Islamic tradition is truly vast, and covers an impressive number of different topic ...alasa was the idol of the Daus tribe which they used to worship in the Pre Islamic Period of ignorance.}}

Toutes les [[Madh'hab|écoles]] en [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|droit islamique]] exigent que les [[Islam and Women|femmes]] musulmane ...jab à travers l’histoire et la modernité.<ref>Elizabeth Bucar (2012) ''The Islamic Veil (Le Voile Islamique)'', Oxford: Oneworld Publications</ref> Son livre

...many endorsements within Islamic scripture, wife-beating was permitted by Islamic jurisprudence and understood as a means of enforcing obedience to husbands, ==Islamic scriptures and wife-beating==

...m in Whose Hands my soul is, I will judge between you according to Allah's Laws. The slave-girl and the sheep are to be returned to you, your son is to rec .../islam-watch.org/AdrianMorgan/Islamic-World-Slavery-Apology.htm Should The Islamic World Apologize For Slavery?]

...though (which in some respects may reflect later developments), the wider Islamic tradition on them is clear: they were people who had been given the Taurah Q. 2:62 and Q. 5:69 (see also {{Quran|22|17}}), are interpreted by some Islamic modernists in terms of religious pluralism, though traditionalists point to

...od and bad things to say of them; taken in view of the hadith, though, the Islamic view of them is clear: they were people who had been given the Taurah and t ...e victory of the Tartars and their conquest of Baghdad and the fall of the Islamic Caliphate.

...clear. However, the majority of Qur'anic translations [[Mistranslations of Islamic Scripture (English)|erroneously translate]] this term; as can be seen in th '''QXP:''' Do they feel secure from the subtle progression of the Divine Laws? Do they think that the Divine Law grants them unconditional security? Only

...icity, and what may be called "race-relations" is a complicated one in the Islamic tradition. ...d hadiths that discourage racism (though as mentioned in the introduction, Islamic anti-Semitism is covered in a separate article).

...d in multiple verses and several [[Hadith|hadiths]]. In recent times, many Islamic scholars have argued that this conception is both scientifically sound and ===Earth anchored by mountains in early or pre-Islamic poetry===

...they play that is is referenced in multiple verses. In recent times, many Islamic scholars have argued that this conception is both scientifically sound and ===Earth anchored by mountains in early or pre-Islamic poetry===

...Bosnian genocide|in Bosnia]]). However, it can be seen that regimes in the Islamic world have not been uniquely peaceful, harmonious, or innocent of the kinds ...Afghanistan, destroying or forcibly converting the population to their new Islamic religion. Refugees from the invaders fled into the higher valleys to escape

...rmy, and the subject of taking booty comes up again and again in the early Islamic sources, as this was clearly an important, even driving factor for the earl ...ur women and children will be saved. They said, 'We will never abandon the laws of the Torah and never change it for another.' He said, 'Then if you won't

...cs argue, is particularly problematic in the case of the Quran because the Islamic tradition holds it to be the direct, unmediated word of [[Allah]], or God. ..., many other contradictions are not resolvable in this manner. Indeed, the Islamic tradition holds that the doctrine of abrogation is only applicable in cases

...rmy, and the subject of taking booty comes up again and again in the early Islamic sources, as this was clearly an important, even driving factor for the earl ...ur women and children will be saved. They said, 'We will never abandon the laws of the Torah and never change it for another.' He said, 'Then if you won't

...succession: He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, ...pon him) said: Allah, Most High, has removed from you the pride of the pre-Islamic period and its boasting in ancestors. One is only a pious believer or a mis

...succession: He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, ...pon him) said: Allah, Most High, has removed from you the pride of the pre-Islamic period and its boasting in ancestors. One is only a pious believer or a mis

Some modern Islamic scholars have argued that these verses refer to the seven layers of the atm {{Main|Shooting Stars in the Quran|Mistranslations of Islamic Scripture (English)}}

...lamic scholars in general) [[Wife Beating in Islamic Law#The objections of Islamic modernists|have advocated]] an interpretation of {{Quran|4|34}} that milita ...'up to 4,000 women are burnt each year''', almost always by husbands or in-laws, often as “punishment” for minor “offences” or for failure to bring

...which the believers found themselves (for more discussion, see [[Jihad in Islamic Law]]). ..."they blinked" in a similar context in authoritative translations of other Islamic scriptures, such as in {{Bukhari|8|82|813}}]''' This I could see from his e

The Islamic tradition portrays the prophet as constantly at war with non-believers afte ..."they blinked" in a similar context in authoritative translations of other Islamic scriptures, such as in {{Bukhari|8|82|813}}]''' This I could see from his e

...that may apply to times even before Islam, other prophecies predict early Islamic history (which happened before the predictions were written) and some proph ...the death of Muhammad. So when the hadiths contain a prophecy about early Islamic history, they are likely only being attributed to Muhammad after the fact,

...en otros. Las mezquitas han sido notorias por ser cunas de sentimientos [[Islamic Antisemitism#Early_Islamic_Scholars|anti-Semitas]], anti-cristianos, anti-m Esto nos lleva a recordar; un bus, las [[Jim Crow Laws|Leyes Jim Crow]] y una cierta activista civil estadounidense llamada [[W:Ro