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...nment, starting especially with the English philosopher John Locke's ideas of ''natural rights'' in the 17th century. ...y on men or women. The perspective taken by Islamic scriptures on women is of special interest in recent times due to frequent collision with modern valu

...law]], which is derived from the [[Qur'an|Quran]] and [[Hadith]] (accounts of [[Muhammad|Muhammad's]] life). ...eople of Lut, We turned the city upside down and showered them with stones of baked clay, one after another.''" - {{Quran|11|82}}</ref> Yet another view

...1-08}} Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam] (the Islamic definition of "[[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shari'ah]]" being the [[Qur'an]] and Prophet [[Mu ==Text of Declaration==

...ion to Islam of the dhimmi in question <ref> Yeʼor., B., 2011. The decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Universi ...r, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizyah with willing submission, and feel thems

[[File:Broken cross.jpg|thumb|Part of the regulations placed on Christians and Jews under the Dhimma system is th ...pire of the Great Mughals: History, Art and Culture|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-1861891853|quote=The conqueror [[Muhammad bin Qasi

This article discusses the numerous adverse effects of [[Islam|Islamic]] [[fasting]] (''[[Sawm]]'') that have been observed using ..., dehydration, migraines and, for lactating women, the nutritional make-up of their milk, among other harms.

| other_names = Rasul Allah (Messenger of God) | birth_place = Mecca, Hijaz, Arabia (present day Saudi Arabia)

...the modern increase in anti-semitism in the Muslim world to the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli conflict, while others trace it to the 19th century and po ...ments at the hand of God (being turned into pigs and apes) and at the hand of [[Muhammad]] (being executed, expelled, [[Slavery|enslaved]], and extorted

...enocides and acts of ethnic cleansing under Muslim regimes from the origin of Islam to present day. ...orld have not been uniquely peaceful, harmonious, or innocent of the kinds of attrocities perpetrated throughout history.

...itched together to form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually also includes clitoridecto ...the practice in four hadith. Two hadith record the [[sahabah]] (Companions of Mohammed) engaging in the practice (see [[Female Genital Mutilation in Isla

...ists and scholars, and the term Shari'ah is also often applied to its body of law. ...the [[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]] (perfect example). Since both the practice of Islam and its laws are based on the same source, they are inseparable from

...irteen and the Persian Sassinids allowed marital consummation from the age of twelve. ...nevetheless common (including among non-Muslim populations in some regions of the world).

...itched together to form, once healed, a seal that covers both the openings of the vagina and the urethra. Infibulation usually includes clitoridectomy. ...lation/Cutting: a Global Concern (2016)]</ref> Assuming a world population of 7.9 billion, this means that about one in twenty girls or women world-wide

...Khadījah al-Tahira|occupation=Merchant|title=''Umm al-Mu'mineen'' ("Mother of the Believers")|spouse=[[Muhammad ibn Abdullah]]|children=Qasim<br>Abdullah ...ion as ''the'' Mother of [[Islam]] herself. Khadijah was the mother to all of Muhammad's children, including Fatimah, save one.

...fter his [[Muhammad's Death|death]]. Many prophecies are considered "signs of the Hour" (Islamic eschatology). Some prophecies are general statements tha ==Signs of the Hour==

...scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, why, and in what fashion Jihad may be .... 798) was a student of legist Abu Hanifah and helped spread the influence of the Hanafi school. He was appointed Qadi (judge) in Baghdad, Iraq, and late

{{Incompletetranslations|Adverse Effects of Islamic Fasting|Arabic}} ...ى العمال المسلمين بسبب العمل تحت الحرارة على محمل الجد.<ref>Polish Journal of Occupational Medince 1991 4:3 219-28</ref>}}