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...//tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Refer |1||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]]||19||La Meca||96

|1||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq : L’Adhérence]]||19||La Mecque||96 |2||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Qalam (The Pen)|Al-Qalam : La Plume (Calame)]]||52||La Mecque||68

...//tanzil.net/pub/ebooks/History-of-Quran.pdf|2=2011-05-13}} The History of the Quran] - Al-Tawheed Vol. 4, No. 3; Vol. 5, No. 1, 2, & 3</ref><ref>[{{Refer |1 ||[[The Holy Qur'an: Al-Alaq (The Clot)|Al-Alaq]]||Kapka přilnavá ||19 ||Mekka ||96||العَلَق nebo

[[Category:Qur'an]] ...ithdrawn by modern Islamic scholars - none, however, have been welcomed by the professional scientific or historian community.

...re increasingly finding their way into even the most devout communities of the Muslim world. ...ul or rather miraculous. Hence Muslim apologists assert that the Qur'an is the word of God.

...e Quran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity ...y marvels and especially those marvels accessible to individuals living in the harsh, arid, and rocky environment of early 7th century Arabia.

...right|200px|The writers of the Qur’an and hadith were influenced by Galen, the hugely influential 2^nd Century Greek physician.]] ...igins of each of these ideas at least as far back as the Jewish Talmud and the ancient Greek physicians.

...e Quran upon discovery. Critics also maintain that there is no instance in the Quran where a scientific subject has been described with sufficient clarity ...e/how-islam-won-and-lost-the-lead-in-science.html How Islam Won, and Lost, the Lead in Science.]'' Dennis Overbye. 2001. New York Times.

[[File:Alexander the Great.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Alexander the Great depicted with horns on a silver tetradrachm of Lysimachos, circa 297- ...e; it likely never existed and was originally a legendary embellishment of the original Alexander legend.

| name = The History of al-Tabari<BR>Volumes 1-40 | image = [[File:The History of al-Tabari.jpg|150px]]

...ssical Islamic scholars noted that there were certain historical claims in the Quran and hadith which, taken literally (as Islamic orthodoxy holds they sh ===Mary as part of the Trinity===

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...res, speaking different languages and holding radically different beliefs, the claim itself is generally not taken seriously by modern scholars. ...s of the same story as well as mistakes in transmission from one medium to the other are also to be expected.

...between our contributors and the top Quranic linguists and epigraphers in the field of Quranic studies." [https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1265265 ...on however is challenged both by parts of the Islamic tradition itself and the findings of modern scholarship.

...between our contributors and the top Quranic linguists and epigraphers in the field of Quranic studies." [https://twitter.com/NaqadStudies/status/1265265 ...on however is challenged both by parts of the Islamic tradition itself and the findings of modern scholarship.

...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].

...en able to avoid statements in the Quran that reinforced misconceptions of the time, caused future generations to have doubts about its perfection, and on {{Main|Geocentrism and the Quran|l1=Geocentrism and the Qur'an}}

...loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] ...ts were translated into Arabic for the first time under the sponsorship of the Abbasid [[Khilafah (Caliphate)|caliphate]].