Stoning in Islamic Law - Revision history

Lightyears: Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud

2025-11-15T00:47:23Z

Automated script replacing USC-MSA hadith numbering system for Bukhari, Muslim, and Abu Dawud

Asmith at 05:25, 27 May 2025

2025-05-27T05:25:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:25, 27 May 2025
Line 4:		Line 4:
	\|keywords={{{keywords\|}}}		\|keywords={{{keywords\|}}}
	\|description={{{description\|}}}		\|description={{{description\|}}}
	\|image=~~Hands-cut~~.jpg		\|image=afghanistan.jpg
	}}		}}
	{{QualityScore\|Lead=3\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=4\|References=4}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=3\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=4\|References=4}}

Asmith at 05:24, 27 May 2025

2025-05-27T05:24:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:24, 27 May 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{#seo:
			\|title=Stoning in Islamic Law
			\|title_mode={{{title_mode\|}}}
			\|keywords={{{keywords\|}}}
			\|description={{{description\|}}}
			\|image=Hands-cut.jpg
			}}
	{{QualityScore\|Lead=3\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=4\|References=4}}		{{QualityScore\|Lead=3\|Structure=2\|Content=2\|Language=4\|References=4}}

Lightyears: Added some details to intro which Muslims sometimes complain are missing, and added a section on recent ICMA analysis of relevent hadiths

2025-05-20T21:00:42Z

Added some details to intro which Muslims sometimes complain are missing, and added a section on recent ICMA analysis of relevent hadiths

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:00, 20 May 2025
Line 3:		Line 3:
	[[File:Stoning in afghanistan.jpg\|right\|thumb\|190px\|A public stoning carried out in Afghanistan. Rajm is the Islamic punishment for illegal sexual intercourse, as ordered by Muhammad himself.]]		[[File:Stoning in afghanistan.jpg\|right\|thumb\|190px\|A public stoning carried out in Afghanistan. Rajm is the Islamic punishment for illegal sexual intercourse, as ordered by Muhammad himself.]]

	'''Stoning to death''' (رجم ''Rajm''), according to traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], is a punishment for married adulterers as well as certain other unlawful sexual relations including [[Islam and Homosexuality\|homosexual]] relationships~~, and~~ is one example of [[Abrogation\|abrogation]] (naskh) being applied to Qur'anic text (which specifies lashing as the punishment for [[Zina\|unlawful sexual relations]], but was interpreted as applying to unmarried fornicators). The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders."<ref>[http://www.apostatesofislam.com/media/stoning.htm What happens in Stoning?] - apostatesofislam.com</ref> The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004</ref>		'''Stoning to death''' (رجم ''Rajm''), according to traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], is a punishment carried out by the authorities for married adulterers as well as certain other unlawful sexual relations including [[Islam and Homosexuality\|homosexual]] relationships following a confession or four witnesses to the crime. It is one example of [[Abrogation\|abrogation]] (naskh) being applied to Qur'anic text (which specifies lashing as the punishment for [[Zina\|unlawful sexual relations]], but was interpreted as applying to unmarried fornicators). The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders."<ref>[http://www.apostatesofislam.com/media/stoning.htm What happens in Stoning?] - apostatesofislam.com</ref> The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004</ref>

	==In the Modern World==		==In the Modern World==
Line 9:		Line 9:
	The implimentation of the punishment of stoning is relatively rare today, practiced primarily in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime, and occasionally in the Islamic Republic of Iran.		The implimentation of the punishment of stoning is relatively rare today, practiced primarily in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime, and occasionally in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

	Due to the Islamic laws on [[rape]] requiring four male eye witnesses before guilt can be ascertained, many rape victims end up being charged with '[[adultery]].' As was the case for 13-year-old ''Aisha Ibrahim Dhuhulow'' in Somalia<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7708169.stm Stoning victim 'begged for mercy'] - BBC News, November 4, 2008</ref> who in October of 2008 was buried up to her neck and stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people in a football stadium. She was the victim of gang-rape. Another Somalian female who gave birth to a stillborn child, was also stoned to death in front of a crowd of 200 in November (one of at least four Somalians to be stoned for adultery in 2009).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/18/somali-woman-stoned-death-adultery.html Somali woman stoned to death for adultery] - The Jakarta Post, November 18, 2009 </ref> Her boyfriend received 100 lashes. Incidents of stoning have also been reported in Iraq and Pakistan, and forms a part of Afghan, Iranian, Nigerian, Indonesian, Sudanese, Saudi Arabian, and United Arab Emirate law.<ref>[http://www.stop-stoning.org/faq_stoning Stoning - Frequently Asked Questions about Stoning] - stop-stoning.org</ref> While the modern views of many contemporary Muslims scholars and believers are diametrically opposed to any implementation of such punishments, it is very much an accepted part of Islam for traditional scholars and millions of lay Muslims around the world. An August 2009 Pew survey<ref>Pew Report: [http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/265.pdf Pakistani Public Opinion - Growing Concerns about Extremism, Continuing Discontent with U.S.Religion, Law, and Society] Page 3</ref> revealed that 83% of Pakistanis believe that adulterers should be stoned. Another survey carried out in Indonesia (the world's most populated Muslim country) found that "almost half the respondents back stoning as a punishment for adulterers."<ref>[http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/163989.php 50% Support Stoning for Adultery in 'Moderate' Muslim Country] - The Jawa Report, March 18, 2006</ref>		Due to the Islamic laws on [[rape]] requiring four male eye witnesses before guilt can be ascertained, many rape victims end up being charged with '[[adultery]].' As was the case for 13-year-old ''Aisha Ibrahim Dhuhulow'' in Somalia<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7708169.stm Stoning victim 'begged for mercy'] - BBC News, November 4, 2008</ref> who in October of 2008 was buried up to her neck and stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people in a football stadium. She was the victim of gang-rape. Another Somalian female who gave birth to a stillborn child, was also stoned to death in front of a crowd of 200 in November (one of at least four Somalians to be stoned for adultery in 2009).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/18/somali-woman-stoned-death-adultery.html Somali woman stoned to death for adultery] - The Jakarta Post, November 18, 2009 </ref> Her boyfriend received 100 lashes.

			While the modern views of many contemporary Muslims scholars and believers are diametrically opposed to any implementation of such punishments, it is very much an accepted part of Islam for traditional scholars and millions of lay Muslims around the world. An August 2009 Pew survey<ref>Pew Report: [http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/265.pdf Pakistani Public Opinion - Growing Concerns about Extremism, Continuing Discontent with U.S.Religion, Law, and Society] Page 3</ref> revealed that 83% of Pakistanis believe that adulterers should be stoned. Another survey carried out in 2006 in Indonesia (the world's most populated Muslim country) found that "almost half the respondents back stoning as a punishment for adulterers."<ref>[http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/163989.php 50% Support Stoning for Adultery in 'Moderate' Muslim Country] - The Jawa Report, March 18, 2006</ref>

			Most countries have signed the UN Convention Against Torture, though stoning appears in the legislation of a [[w:Stoning\|small number of countries]] (though never utilised in some cases). Most notably, this includes Iran, where 150 people were stoned to death between 1980 and 2009, though rarely since, and is also known to occur in tribal areas of Afghanistan.<ref>[https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2021/04/falqs-execution-by-stoning-and-privacy-laws-related-to-sexual-crimes-in-iran-and-afghanistan/ FALQs: Execution by Stoning and Privacy Laws Related to Sexual Crimes in Iran and Afghanistan] - Kelly Buchannan, Library of Congress blogs, 30 April 2021</ref> Incidents of stoning have also been reported in Iraq and Pakistan, and forms a part of Afghan, Iranian, Nigerian, Sudanese, Saudi Arabian, and United Arab Emirate law.<ref>[http://www.stop-stoning.org/faq_stoning Stoning - Frequently Asked Questions about Stoning] - stop-stoning.org</ref>

			==Modern academic views==
			Muslim academic scholar Seyfedden Kara has examined the hadith traditions relating to stoning in his open access book on the topic.<ref>Seyfedden Kara (2024) ''[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/jj.15478459 The Integrity of the Qur'an: Sunni and Shi‘i Historical Narratives]'', Edinburgh University Press</ref>

			Regarding stoning, Kara argues that it is likely Muhammad did implement the stoning penalty. Using using the modern academic technique of isnad-cum-matn analysis, he finds that al Zuhri is the common link for the hadith in which Muhammad rules that a man's wife be stoned in accordance with the "book of Allah".<ref>Ibid. Chapter 2</ref> However, another hadith, whose kernal seems historically credible in light of the Constitution of Medina and which Kara dates to the lifetime of Muhammad, has some Jews asking Muhammad to arbitrate the correct penalty for a Jewish man and woman who committed adultery, which he answers by means of the stoning verse in the Torah. Kara suggests that the "Book of Allah" in the other hadith may refer also to the Torah, but misunderstood later to mean an abrogated Quranic verse.<ref>Ibid. Chapter 3</ref>
			The hadith in which Umar states that the stoning verse was lost from the Quran does go back to Umar according to Kara's analysis. Kara speculates that Umar may have been confused in his old age.<ref>Ibid. Chapter 4</ref>

			The hadith in which a sheep ate the verses of suckling and stoning are doubtful according to Kara's analysis. He finds that one of the several hadith clusters containing the suckling traditions (the one which goes through Amra, as well as one variant of the cluster through Nafi) mentions the original presence of a sucklings verse in the Quran which was then changed (or "abrogated", as Malik glosses it). Only one of the Amra cluster's variants in turn includes the sheep story. Kara argues that the lost verse element is unlikely to be true as the inconsistent versions of that tradition seem to indicate uncertainty on the number of sucklings required, which he thinks should have been clear had there originally been a verse. He also argues that the lack of the sheep element in any other version does not allow that element to be dated with any certainty before the 3rd century when it appears in Sunan Ibn Majah.<ref>Ibid. Chapter 1.</ref>

	==Qur'an==		==Qur'an==
Line 68:		Line 80:
	However, '''the ruling was identical and remained: it is transmitted from al-Zuhri by eight of his students that `Umar said: "Rajm is firmly established in the Book of Allah."'''}}		However, '''the ruling was identical and remained: it is transmitted from al-Zuhri by eight of his students that `Umar said: "Rajm is firmly established in the Book of Allah."'''}}

	===~~Recent~~ Fatwas===		===Fatwas===

	{{Quote\|1=[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503545902 Stoning: Does It Have Any Basis in Shari`ah?]<BR>Fatwa from Islam Online, March 29, 2005\|2=....the prescribed punishment for adultery, which means an illegitimate sexual intercourse between a married man and a woman married to another man is stoning to death. But this offense must be proven either through a confession made voluntarily by the accused or by the testimony of four witnesses who state under oath that they have witnessed the commission of the crime. It's only after this legal procedure that the accused will be punished by lapidation. This punishment is agreed upon by scholars and there is no question about it.<BR>. . .<BR>		{{Quote\|1=[http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=1119503545902 Stoning: Does It Have Any Basis in Shari`ah?]<BR>Fatwa from Islam Online, March 29, 2005\|2=....the prescribed punishment for adultery, which means an illegitimate sexual intercourse between a married man and a woman married to another man is stoning to death. But this offense must be proven either through a confession made voluntarily by the accused or by the testimony of four witnesses who state under oath that they have witnessed the commission of the crime. It's only after this legal procedure that the accused will be punished by lapidation. This punishment is agreed upon by scholars and there is no question about it.<BR>. . .<BR>

Lightyears at 21:29, 11 May 2023

2023-05-11T21:29:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, 11 May 2023
Line 3:		Line 3:
	[[File:Stoning in afghanistan.jpg\|right\|thumb\|190px\|A public stoning carried out in Afghanistan. Rajm is the Islamic punishment for illegal sexual intercourse, as ordered by Muhammad himself.]]		[[File:Stoning in afghanistan.jpg\|right\|thumb\|190px\|A public stoning carried out in Afghanistan. Rajm is the Islamic punishment for illegal sexual intercourse, as ordered by Muhammad himself.]]

	~~==Definition==~~		'''Stoning to death''' (رجم ''Rajm''), according to traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], is a punishment for married adulterers as well as certain other unlawful sexual relations including [[Islam and Homosexuality\|homosexual]] relationships, and is one example of [[Abrogation\|abrogation]] (naskh) being applied to Qur'anic text (which specifies lashing as the punishment for [[Zina\|unlawful sexual relations]], but was interpreted as applying to unmarried fornicators). The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders."<ref>[http://www.apostatesofislam.com/media/stoning.htm What happens in Stoning?] - apostatesofislam.com</ref> The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004</ref>

	'''Stoning to death''' (رجم ''Rajm''), according to traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], is primarily a punishment for persons who engage in unlawful sexual relations (which include [[Islam and Homosexuality\|homosexual]] relationships), and is one example of [[Abrogation\|abrogation]] (naskh) being applied to Qur'anic text. The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders."<ref>[http://www.apostatesofislam.com/media/stoning.htm What happens in Stoning?] - apostatesofislam.com</ref> The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004</ref>		==In the Modern World==

	~~==In~~ the ~~Modern World==~~		The implimentation of the punishment of stoning is relatively rare today, practiced primarily in Afghanistan under the Taliban regime, and occasionally in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

	Due to the Islamic laws on [[rape]] requiring four male eye witnesses before guilt can be ascertained, many rape victims end up being charged with '[[adultery]].' As was the case for 13-year-old ''Aisha Ibrahim Dhuhulow'' in Somalia<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7708169.stm Stoning victim 'begged for mercy'] - BBC News, November 4, 2008</ref> who in October of 2008 was buried up to her neck and stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people in a football stadium. She was the victim of gang-rape. Another Somalian female who gave birth to a stillborn child, was also stoned to death in front of a crowd of 200 in November (one of at least four Somalians to be stoned for adultery in 2009).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/18/somali-woman-stoned-death-adultery.html Somali woman stoned to death for adultery] - The Jakarta Post, November 18, 2009 </ref> Her boyfriend received 100 lashes. Incidents of stoning have also been reported in Iraq and Pakistan, and forms a part of Afghan, Iranian, Nigerian, Indonesian, Sudanese, Saudi Arabian, and United Arab Emirate law.<ref>[http://www.stop-stoning.org/faq_stoning Stoning - Frequently Asked Questions about Stoning] - stop-stoning.org</ref> While the modern views of many contemporary Muslims scholars and believers are diametrically opposed to any implementation of such punishments, it is very much an accepted part of Islam for traditional scholars and millions of lay Muslims around the world. An August 2009 Pew survey<ref>Pew Report: [http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/265.pdf Pakistani Public Opinion - Growing Concerns about Extremism, Continuing Discontent with U.S.Religion, Law, and Society] Page 3</ref> revealed that 83% of Pakistanis believe that adulterers should be stoned. Another survey carried out in Indonesia (the world's most populated Muslim country) found that "almost half the respondents back stoning as a punishment for adulterers."<ref>[http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/163989.php 50% Support Stoning for Adultery in 'Moderate' Muslim Country] - The Jawa Report, March 18, 2006</ref>		Due to the Islamic laws on [[rape]] requiring four male eye witnesses before guilt can be ascertained, many rape victims end up being charged with '[[adultery]].' As was the case for 13-year-old ''Aisha Ibrahim Dhuhulow'' in Somalia<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7708169.stm Stoning victim 'begged for mercy'] - BBC News, November 4, 2008</ref> who in October of 2008 was buried up to her neck and stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people in a football stadium. She was the victim of gang-rape. Another Somalian female who gave birth to a stillborn child, was also stoned to death in front of a crowd of 200 in November (one of at least four Somalians to be stoned for adultery in 2009).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/18/somali-woman-stoned-death-adultery.html Somali woman stoned to death for adultery] - The Jakarta Post, November 18, 2009 </ref> Her boyfriend received 100 lashes. Incidents of stoning have also been reported in Iraq and Pakistan, and forms a part of Afghan, Iranian, Nigerian, Indonesian, Sudanese, Saudi Arabian, and United Arab Emirate law.<ref>[http://www.stop-stoning.org/faq_stoning Stoning - Frequently Asked Questions about Stoning] - stop-stoning.org</ref> While the modern views of many contemporary Muslims scholars and believers are diametrically opposed to any implementation of such punishments, it is very much an accepted part of Islam for traditional scholars and millions of lay Muslims around the world. An August 2009 Pew survey<ref>Pew Report: [http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/265.pdf Pakistani Public Opinion - Growing Concerns about Extremism, Continuing Discontent with U.S.Religion, Law, and Society] Page 3</ref> revealed that 83% of Pakistanis believe that adulterers should be stoned. Another survey carried out in Indonesia (the world's most populated Muslim country) found that "almost half the respondents back stoning as a punishment for adulterers."<ref>[http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/163989.php 50% Support Stoning for Adultery in 'Moderate' Muslim Country] - The Jawa Report, March 18, 2006</ref>

Mushrik: /* In the Modern World */Fixed the grammar

2022-12-28T00:04:04Z

In the Modern World: Fixed the grammar

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:04, 28 December 2022
Line 9:		Line 9:
	==In the Modern World==		==In the Modern World==

	Due to the Islamic laws on [[rape]] requiring four male eye witnesses before guilt can be ascertained, many rape victims end up being charged with '[[adultery]].' As was the case for 13-year-old ''Aisha Ibrahim Dhuhulow'' in Somalia<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7708169.stm Stoning victim 'begged for mercy'] - BBC News, November 4, 2008</ref> who in October of 2008 was buried up to her neck and stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people in a football stadium. She was the victim of gang-rape. Another Somalian female who gave birth to a stillborn child, was also stoned to death in front of a crowd of 200 in November (one of at least four Somalians to be stoned for adultery in 2009).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/18/somali-woman-stoned-death-adultery.html Somali woman stoned to death for adultery] - The Jakarta Post, November 18, 2009 </ref> Her boyfriend received 100 lashes. Incidents of stoning have also been reported in Iraq and Pakistan, and forms a part of Afghan, Iranian, Nigerian, Indonesian, Sudanese, Saudi Arabian, and United Arab Emirate law.<ref>[http://www.stop-stoning.org/faq_stoning Stoning - Frequently Asked Questions about Stoning] - stop-stoning.org</ref> While the modern views of many contemporary Muslims scholars and believers are diametrically opposed to any implementation of such punishments, it is very much an accepted part of Islam for traditional scholars and millions of lay Muslims around the world. ~~In an~~ August 2009 Pew survey<ref>Pew Report: [http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/265.pdf Pakistani Public Opinion - Growing Concerns about Extremism, Continuing Discontent with U.S.Religion, Law, and Society] Page 3</ref> that 83% of Pakistanis believe that adulterers should be stoned. ~~In another~~ survey carried out in Indonesia (the world's most populated Muslim country) it found that "almost half the respondents back stoning as a punishment for adulterers."<ref>[http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/163989.php 50% Support Stoning for Adultery in 'Moderate' Muslim Country] - The Jawa Report, March 18, 2006</ref>		Due to the Islamic laws on [[rape]] requiring four male eye witnesses before guilt can be ascertained, many rape victims end up being charged with '[[adultery]].' As was the case for 13-year-old ''Aisha Ibrahim Dhuhulow'' in Somalia<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7708169.stm Stoning victim 'begged for mercy'] - BBC News, November 4, 2008</ref> who in October of 2008 was buried up to her neck and stoned to death in front of more than 1,000 people in a football stadium. She was the victim of gang-rape. Another Somalian female who gave birth to a stillborn child, was also stoned to death in front of a crowd of 200 in November (one of at least four Somalians to be stoned for adultery in 2009).<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/11/18/somali-woman-stoned-death-adultery.html Somali woman stoned to death for adultery] - The Jakarta Post, November 18, 2009 </ref> Her boyfriend received 100 lashes. Incidents of stoning have also been reported in Iraq and Pakistan, and forms a part of Afghan, Iranian, Nigerian, Indonesian, Sudanese, Saudi Arabian, and United Arab Emirate law.<ref>[http://www.stop-stoning.org/faq_stoning Stoning - Frequently Asked Questions about Stoning] - stop-stoning.org</ref> While the modern views of many contemporary Muslims scholars and believers are diametrically opposed to any implementation of such punishments, it is very much an accepted part of Islam for traditional scholars and millions of lay Muslims around the world. An August 2009 Pew survey<ref>Pew Report: [http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/265.pdf Pakistani Public Opinion - Growing Concerns about Extremism, Continuing Discontent with U.S.Religion, Law, and Society] Page 3</ref> revealed that 83% of Pakistanis believe that adulterers should be stoned. Another survey carried out in Indonesia (the world's most populated Muslim country) found that "almost half the respondents back stoning as a punishment for adulterers."<ref>[http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/163989.php 50% Support Stoning for Adultery in 'Moderate' Muslim Country] - The Jawa Report, March 18, 2006</ref>

	==Qur'an==		==Qur'an==

Asmith: /* Definition */

2022-03-26T00:29:14Z

Definition

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:29, 26 March 2022
Line 5:		Line 5:
	==Definition==		==Definition==

	~~<!--~~'''Stoning to death''' (رجم ''Rajm''), according to traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], is primarily a punishment for persons who engage in unlawful sexual relations (which include [[Islam and Homosexuality\|homosexual]] relationships), and is one example of [[Abrogation\|abrogation]] (naskh) being applied to Qur'anic text. The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders."<ref>[http://www.apostatesofislam.com/media/stoning.htm What happens in Stoning?] - apostatesofislam.com</ref> The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004</ref~~>--~~>		'''Stoning to death''' (رجم ''Rajm''), according to traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], is primarily a punishment for persons who engage in unlawful sexual relations (which include [[Islam and Homosexuality\|homosexual]] relationships), and is one example of [[Abrogation\|abrogation]] (naskh) being applied to Qur'anic text. The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders."<ref>[http://www.apostatesofislam.com/media/stoning.htm What happens in Stoning?] - apostatesofislam.com</ref> The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004</ref>

	==In the Modern World==		==In the Modern World==

Asmith: /* Definition */

2022-03-26T00:29:05Z

Definition

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:29, 26 March 2022
Line 5:		Line 5:
	==Definition==		==Definition==

	'''Stoning to death''' (رجم ''Rajm''), according to traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], is primarily a punishment for persons who engage in unlawful sexual relations (which include [[Islam and Homosexuality\|homosexual]] relationships), and is one example of [[Abrogation\|abrogation]] (naskh) being applied to Qur'anic text. The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders."<ref>[http://www.apostatesofislam.com/media/stoning.htm What happens in Stoning?] - apostatesofislam.com</ref> The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004</ref>		<!--'''Stoning to death''' (رجم ''Rajm''), according to traditional interpretations of [[Islamic law]], is primarily a punishment for persons who engage in unlawful sexual relations (which include [[Islam and Homosexuality\|homosexual]] relationships), and is one example of [[Abrogation\|abrogation]] (naskh) being applied to Qur'anic text. The criminals "hands are tied behind their backs and their bodies are put in a cloth sack." They are then "buried in a hole, with only the victims heads showing above the ground. If its a woman, she is buried upto her shoulders."<ref>[http://www.apostatesofislam.com/media/stoning.htm What happens in Stoning?] - apostatesofislam.com</ref> The stones which are to be thrown at the criminal "should not be so large that the offender dies after a few strikes, nor so small as to fail to cause serious injury."<ref>[http://www.iheu.org/node/262 Should Sharia laws be reconsidered?] - Sandhya Jain - International Humanist and Ethical Union, March 9, 2004</ref>-->

	==In the Modern World==		==In the Modern World==

IbnPinker at 19:17, 23 February 2021

2021-02-23T19:17:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:17, 23 February 2021
Line 107:		Line 107:
	[[Category:Hudud (punishments)]]		[[Category:Hudud (punishments)]]
	[[Category:Sex]]		[[Category:Sex]]
			[[Category:Criticism of Islam]]
			[[Category:Human rights]]

Asmith at 00:28, 22 February 2021

2021-02-22T00:28:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:28, 22 February 2021
Line 102:		Line 102:
	{{Reflist\|30em}}		{{Reflist\|30em}}

	[[Category:Islamic Law]]		[[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]]
	[[Category:Honor violence]]		[[Category:Honor violence]]
	[[Category:Marriage]]		[[Category:Marriage]]
	[[Category:Hudud (punishments)]]		[[Category:Hudud (punishments)]]
	[[Category:Sex]]		[[Category:Sex]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:47, 15 November 2025
Line 36:		Line 36:
	{{Quote\|The missing Verse of Rajm\|'The fornicators among the married men (ash-shaikh) and married women (ash-shaikhah), stone them as an exemplary punishment from Allah, and Allah is Mighty and Wise.'<ref>As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an, p.524</ref>}}		{{Quote\|The missing Verse of Rajm\|'The fornicators among the married men (ash-shaikh) and married women (ash-shaikhah), stone them as an exemplary punishment from Allah, and Allah is Mighty and Wise.'<ref>As-Suyuti, Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an, p.524</ref>}}

	The above verse, along with verses regarding adult suckling, were written on a piece of paper and were lost when a goat ate them.<ref>References: Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal. vol. 6. page 269; Sunan Ibn Majah, page 626; Ibn Qutbah, Tawil Mukhtalafi 'l-Hadith (Cairo: Maktaba al-Kulliyat al-Azhariyya. 1966) page 310; As-Suyuti, ad-Durru 'l-Manthur, vol. 2. page 13</ref> Even Umar had concerns that in the future some Muslims may try to deny that rajm is Islamic.<ref>"...'Umar said, "I am afraid that after a long time has passed, people may say, "We do not find the Verses of the Rajam (stoning to death) in the Holy Book," and consequently they may go astray by leaving an obligation that Allah has revealed..." - {{Bukhari\|8\|82\|~~816~~}}</ref> As it stands, the Qur'an itself does not explicitly mention the act, but the majority of Muslims do not follow [[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible\|Qur'an alone]] Islam. In any event, scholars have still managed to find justification for it from within its pages:		The above verse, along with verses regarding adult suckling, were written on a piece of paper and were lost when a goat ate them.<ref>References: Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal. vol. 6. page 269; Sunan Ibn Majah, page 626; Ibn Qutbah, Tawil Mukhtalafi 'l-Hadith (Cairo: Maktaba al-Kulliyat al-Azhariyya. 1966) page 310; As-Suyuti, ad-Durru 'l-Manthur, vol. 2. page 13</ref> Even Umar had concerns that in the future some Muslims may try to deny that rajm is Islamic.<ref>"...'Umar said, "I am afraid that after a long time has passed, people may say, "We do not find the Verses of the Rajam (stoning to death) in the Holy Book," and consequently they may go astray by leaving an obligation that Allah has revealed..." - {{Bukhari\|\|\|6829\|darussalam}}</ref> As it stands, the Qur'an itself does not explicitly mention the act, but the majority of Muslims do not follow [[Qur'an Only Islam - Why it is Not Possible\|Qur'an alone]] Islam. In any event, scholars have still managed to find justification for it from within its pages:

	{{Quote\|{{Quran\|11\|82}}, See also: {{Quran\|7\|84}}, {{Quran\|26\|173}}, and {{Quran\|27\|58}}\|So when Our decree came to pass, We turned them upside down and rained down upon them stones, of what had been decreed, one after another.}}		{{Quote\|{{Quran\|11\|82}}, See also: {{Quran\|7\|84}}, {{Quran\|26\|173}}, and {{Quran\|27\|58}}\|So when Our decree came to pass, We turned them upside down and rained down upon them stones, of what had been decreed, one after another.}}
Line 45:		Line 45:
	There are many [[sahih]] (authentic) hadith which speak of Prophet [[Muhammad]] ordering people to be stoned to death. Therefore it is considered a part of Muhammad's [[sunnah]] and cannot be ignored by Muslims according to the traditional views of the scholars.		There are many [[sahih]] (authentic) hadith which speak of Prophet [[Muhammad]] ordering people to be stoned to death. Therefore it is considered a part of Muhammad's [[sunnah]] and cannot be ignored by Muslims according to the traditional views of the scholars.

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|8\|82\|~~803~~}}\|Narrated Ash-Sha'bi: from 'Ali when the latter stoned a lady to death on a Friday. ''''Ali said, "I have stoned her according to the tradition of Allah's Apostle."'''}}		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|\|\|6812\|darussalam}}\|Narrated Ash-Sha'bi: from 'Ali when the latter stoned a lady to death on a Friday. ''''Ali said, "I have stoned her according to the tradition of Allah's Apostle."'''}}

	===Stoning in Judaism vis-à-vis Islam===		===Stoning in Judaism vis-à-vis Islam===
Line 51:		Line 51:
	The Hadith testifies that the Jews of Muhammad's time had ceased to employ such violent forms of punishment, and that it was he who insisted on the reinstatement of stoning.		The Hadith testifies that the Jews of Muhammad's time had ceased to employ such violent forms of punishment, and that it was he who insisted on the reinstatement of stoning.

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|8\|82\|~~809~~}}, See also: {{Bukhari\|6\|60\|79}}, and {{Bukhari\|4\|56\|~~829~~}}\|Narrated Ibn 'Umar: A Jew and a Jewess were brought to Allah's Apostle on a charge of committing an illegal sexual intercourse. The Prophet asked them. "What is the legal punishment (for this sin) in your Book (Torah)?" They replied, "'''Our priests have innovated the punishment of blackening the faces with charcoal and Tajbiya'''." 'Abdullah bin Salam said, "O Allah's Apostle, tell them to bring the Torah." The Torah was brought, and then one of the Jews put his hand over the Divine Verse of the Rajam (stoning to death) and started reading what preceded and what followed it. On that, Ibn Salam said to the Jew, "Lift up your hand." Behold! The Divine Verse of the Rajam was under his hand. So '''Allah's Apostle ordered that the two (sinners) be stoned to death, and so they were stoned.''' Ibn 'Umar added: So both of them were stoned at the Balat and I saw the Jew sheltering the Jewess.<br>{{Bukhari\|4\|56\|~~829~~}} adds: "...`Abdullah bin `Umar said, '''"I saw the man leaning over the woman to shelter her from the stones."'''}}		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|\|\|6819\|darussalam}}, See also: {{Bukhari\|\|\|4556\|darussalam}}, and {{Bukhari\|\|\|3635\|darussalam}}\|Narrated Ibn 'Umar: A Jew and a Jewess were brought to Allah's Apostle on a charge of committing an illegal sexual intercourse. The Prophet asked them. "What is the legal punishment (for this sin) in your Book (Torah)?" They replied, "'''Our priests have innovated the punishment of blackening the faces with charcoal and Tajbiya'''." 'Abdullah bin Salam said, "O Allah's Apostle, tell them to bring the Torah." The Torah was brought, and then one of the Jews put his hand over the Divine Verse of the Rajam (stoning to death) and started reading what preceded and what followed it. On that, Ibn Salam said to the Jew, "Lift up your hand." Behold! The Divine Verse of the Rajam was under his hand. So '''Allah's Apostle ordered that the two (sinners) be stoned to death, and so they were stoned.''' Ibn 'Umar added: So both of them were stoned at the Balat and I saw the Jew sheltering the Jewess.<br>{{Bukhari\|\|\|3635\|darussalam}} adds: "...`Abdullah bin `Umar said, '''"I saw the man leaning over the woman to shelter her from the stones."'''}}

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|2\|23\|~~413~~}}\|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar : The Jew brought to the Prophet a man and a woman from amongst them who have committed (adultery) illegal sexual intercourse. '''He ordered both of them to be stoned (to death'''), near the place of offering the funeral prayers beside the mosque."}}		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|\|\|1329\|darussalam}}\|Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar : The Jew brought to the Prophet a man and a woman from amongst them who have committed (adultery) illegal sexual intercourse. '''He ordered both of them to be stoned (to death'''), near the place of offering the funeral prayers beside the mosque."}}

	===The Man who Couldn't Keep Silent===		===The Man who Couldn't Keep Silent===

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|7\|63\|~~196~~}}, See also {{Bukhari\|7\|63\|~~195~~}}, {{Bukhari\|8\|82\|~~805~~}}, and {{Bukhari\|8\|82\|~~806~~}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira: A man from Bani Aslam came to Allah's Apostle while he was in the mosque and called (the Prophet ) saying, "O Allah's Apostle! I have committed illegal sexual intercourse." On that the Prophet turned his face from him to the other side, whereupon the man moved to the side towards which the Prophet had turned his face, and said, "O Allah's Apostle! I have committed illegal sexual intercourse." The Prophet turned his face (from him) to the other side whereupon the man moved to the side towards which the Prophet had turned his face, and repeated his statement. The Prophet turned his face (from him) to the other side again. The man moved again (and repeated his statement) for the fourth time. So when the man had given witness four times against himself, the Prophet called him and said, "Are you insane?" He replied, "No." '''The Prophet then said (to his companions), "Go and stone him to death."''' The man was a married one. Jabir bin 'Abdullah Al-Ansari said: I was one of those who stoned him. We stoned him at the Musalla ('Id praying place) in Medina. When the stones hit him with their sharp edges, he fled, but we caught him at Al-Harra and stoned him till he died.}}		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|\|\|5271\|darussalam}}, See also {{Bukhari\|\|\|5270\|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari\|\|\|6814\|darussalam}}, and {{Bukhari\|\|\|6815\|darussalam}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira: A man from Bani Aslam came to Allah's Apostle while he was in the mosque and called (the Prophet ) saying, "O Allah's Apostle! I have committed illegal sexual intercourse." On that the Prophet turned his face from him to the other side, whereupon the man moved to the side towards which the Prophet had turned his face, and said, "O Allah's Apostle! I have committed illegal sexual intercourse." The Prophet turned his face (from him) to the other side whereupon the man moved to the side towards which the Prophet had turned his face, and repeated his statement. The Prophet turned his face (from him) to the other side again. The man moved again (and repeated his statement) for the fourth time. So when the man had given witness four times against himself, the Prophet called him and said, "Are you insane?" He replied, "No." '''The Prophet then said (to his companions), "Go and stone him to death."''' The man was a married one. Jabir bin 'Abdullah Al-Ansari said: I was one of those who stoned him. We stoned him at the Musalla ('Id praying place) in Medina. When the stones hit him with their sharp edges, he fled, but we caught him at Al-Harra and stoned him till he died.}}

	===The Adulterous Bedouin===		===The Adulterous Bedouin===

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|3\|49\|~~860~~}}, See also {{Bukhari\|8\|78\|~~629~~}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira and Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhani: A bedouin came and said, "O Allah's Apostle! Judge between us according to Allah's Laws." His opponent got up and said, "He is right. Judge between us according to Allah's Laws." The bedouin said, "My son was a laborer working for this man, and he committed illegal sexual intercourse with his wife. The people told me that my son should be stoned to death; so, in lieu of that, I paid a ransom of one hundred sheep and a slave girl to save my son. Then I asked the learned scholars who said, "Your son has to be lashed one-hundred lashes and has to be exiled for one year." The Prophet said, "No doubt I will judge between you according to Allah's Laws. '''The slave-girl and the sheep are to go back to you, and your son will get a hundred lashes and one year exile."''' He then addressed somebody, "O Unais! '''go to the wife of this (man) and stone her to death" So, Unais went and stoned her to death.'''}}		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|\|\|2695\|darussalam}}, See also {{Bukhari\|\|\|6633\|darussalam}}\|Narrated Abu Huraira and Zaid bin Khalid Al-Juhani: A bedouin came and said, "O Allah's Apostle! Judge between us according to Allah's Laws." His opponent got up and said, "He is right. Judge between us according to Allah's Laws." The bedouin said, "My son was a laborer working for this man, and he committed illegal sexual intercourse with his wife. The people told me that my son should be stoned to death; so, in lieu of that, I paid a ransom of one hundred sheep and a slave girl to save my son. Then I asked the learned scholars who said, "Your son has to be lashed one-hundred lashes and has to be exiled for one year." The Prophet said, "No doubt I will judge between you according to Allah's Laws. '''The slave-girl and the sheep are to go back to you, and your son will get a hundred lashes and one year exile."''' He then addressed somebody, "O Unais! '''go to the wife of this (man) and stone her to death" So, Unais went and stoned her to death.'''}}

	===The Boy===		===The Boy===

	{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|3\|34\|~~421~~}}\|Narrated 'Aisha: Sad bin Abi Waqqas and 'Abu bin Zam'a quarreled over a boy. Sad said, "O Allah's Apostle! This boy is the son of my brother ('Utba bin Abi Waqqas) who took a promise from me that I would take him as he was his (illegal) son. Look at him and see whom he resembles." 'Abu bin Zam'a said, "O Allah's Apostle! This is my brother and was born on my father's bed from his slave-girl." Allah's Apostle cast a look at the boy and found definite resemblance to 'Utba and then said, "The boy is for you, O 'Abu bin Zam'a. The child goes to the owner of the bed and '''the adulterer gets nothing but the stones''' (despair, i.e. to be stoned to death). Then the Prophet said, "O Sauda bint Zama! Screen yourself from this boy." So, Sauda never saw him again.}}		{{Quote\|{{Bukhari\|\|\|2218\|darussalam}}\|Narrated 'Aisha: Sad bin Abi Waqqas and 'Abu bin Zam'a quarreled over a boy. Sad said, "O Allah's Apostle! This boy is the son of my brother ('Utba bin Abi Waqqas) who took a promise from me that I would take him as he was his (illegal) son. Look at him and see whom he resembles." 'Abu bin Zam'a said, "O Allah's Apostle! This is my brother and was born on my father's bed from his slave-girl." Allah's Apostle cast a look at the boy and found definite resemblance to 'Utba and then said, "The boy is for you, O 'Abu bin Zam'a. The child goes to the owner of the bed and '''the adulterer gets nothing but the stones''' (despair, i.e. to be stoned to death). Then the Prophet said, "O Sauda bint Zama! Screen yourself from this boy." So, Sauda never saw him again.}}

	==Scholars==		==Scholars==