User:Atheistig/Note Pad - Revision history

Atheistig at 02:29, 9 December 2013

2013-12-09T02:29:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:29, 9 December 2013
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	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari] - Bukhari - 600,000 / 300,000 hadith and included only 2,602 traditions in his Sahih. 99% of all Hadith were not considered reliable.		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari] - Bukhari - 600,000 / 300,000 hadith and included only 2,602 traditions in his Sahih. 99% of all Hadith were not considered reliable.
	* [http://www.free-minds.org/does-hadith-have-solid-historical-basis] Islamic article doubting authenticity of hadith.		* [http://www.free-minds.org/does-hadith-have-solid-historical-basis] Islamic article doubting authenticity of hadith.
			* [http://www.rim.org/muslim/hadith.htm] Hadith Authenticity. good.

Atheistig at 02:15, 9 December 2013

2013-12-09T02:15:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:15, 9 December 2013
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	* ~640 Peter, governor of Numidia / " barbarous people of the desert"		* ~640 Peter, governor of Numidia / " barbarous people of the desert"
	* ~650's Short Graffiti - rock etchings / God		* ~650's Short Graffiti - rock etchings / God
			* 656 First Islamic Civil War- First Fitna. End 661.
	* ~660's Sebeos, Bishop Of The Bagratunis / Mahmet - details of life		* ~660's Sebeos, Bishop Of The Bagratunis / Mahmet - details of life
	* ~670 Archdeacon Theodore contemporary to Sophronius / Saracen - Mosque Jerusalem		* ~670 Archdeacon Theodore contemporary to Sophronius / Saracen - Mosque Jerusalem
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	* [http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/Authenticity.htm] . Apologist claims based on Hadith tradition.		* [http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/Authenticity.htm] . Apologist claims based on Hadith tradition.
	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari] - Bukhari - 600,000 / 300,000 hadith and included only 2,602 traditions in his Sahih. 99% of all Hadith were not considered reliable.		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari] - Bukhari - 600,000 / 300,000 hadith and included only 2,602 traditions in his Sahih. 99% of all Hadith were not considered reliable.
			* [http://www.free-minds.org/does-hadith-have-solid-historical-basis] Islamic article doubting authenticity of hadith.

Atheistig at 07:37, 8 December 2013

2013-12-08T07:37:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:37, 8 December 2013
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	* [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/earlysaw.html] "Dated Texts Mentioning Prophet Muḥammad From 1-100 AH / 622-719 CE" by M.S.M. Saifullah & ʿAbdullah David		* [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/earlysaw.html] "Dated Texts Mentioning Prophet Muḥammad From 1-100 AH / 622-719 CE" by M.S.M. Saifullah & ʿAbdullah David
	* [http://www.letmeturnthetables.com/2011/04/hadith-compilations-by-companions-of.html]. Apoligist claim of early hadith.		* [http://www.letmeturnthetables.com/2011/04/hadith-compilations-by-companions-of.html]. Apoligist claim of early hadith.
	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari] - 600,000 / 300,000 hadith and included only 2,602 traditions in his Sahih. 99% of all Hadith were not considered reliable.		* [http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/Authenticity.htm] . Apologist claims based on Hadith tradition.
			* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari] - Bukhari - 600,000 / 300,000 hadith and included only 2,602 traditions in his Sahih. 99% of all Hadith were not considered reliable.

Atheistig at 20:05, 7 December 2013

2013-12-07T20:05:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:05, 7 December 2013
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	* 696 Reformed Coinage / Muhammad		* 696 Reformed Coinage / Muhammad
	* ~750-800. Papyrus fragments.		* ~750-800. Papyrus fragments.
			* 761 Ibn Ishaq - Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh / not extant
	* 776 Graffiti from northern Arabia / Quran - generic "book"		* 776 Graffiti from northern Arabia / Quran - generic "book"
	* 810 Tombstone, Egypt / Quran - first explicit reference		* 810 Tombstone, Egypt / Quran - first explicit reference
			* 826 Muhammad al-Bukhari / Being Hadith collection. d 870.
			* 840 Ibn Hisham - Copy of Ibn Ishaq's work
	* 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus		* 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus
			* 876 Earliest Qur'an Manuscript Fragment - (no later than this date)


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	*[http://rbedrosian.com/seb9.htm] Full Text of Sebeos. Chapter 30.		*[http://rbedrosian.com/seb9.htm] Full Text of Sebeos. Chapter 30.


			'''Quran'''
			* Amongst this collection is a portion of the earliest Qur`an for which an evident terminus ante quem (no possibly later date) exists. This Qur`an was made an endowment (waqf) by Amajur the Governor of Damascus in 876 CE/ 262 AH.[http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/islamic]
			*

	'''Sira Literature'''		'''Sira Literature'''
	* The earliest dated literary papyrus is of 229 / 843 (R.G. Khoury, "L'importance d'Ibn Lahī‘a et son papyrus conservé a Heidelberg," Arabica 22 [1975]: 11-12), though some fragments belonging to the mid- to late eighth century are found in A. Grohmann, Arabic Papyri from Khirbet el-Mird (Louvain, 1963), nos. 71-73.		* The earliest dated literary papyrus is of 229 / 843 (R.G. Khoury, "L'importance d'Ibn Lahī‘a et son papyrus conservé a Heidelberg," Arabica 22 [1975]: 11-12), though some fragments belonging to the mid- to late eighth century are found in A. Grohmann, Arabic Papyri from Khirbet el-Mird (Louvain, 1963), nos. 71-73.
	* [http://www.answering-christian-claims.com/The-Problems-With-Ibn-Ishaq.html] . His full name is Muhammad b Ishaq b Yasar, born in Madina about 85AH/ 702CE and died in Baghdad 151AH. Ibn Ishaq was the earliest (but one of the worse) biographers of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).		* [http://www.answering-christian-claims.com/The-Problems-With-Ibn-Ishaq.html] . His full name is Muhammad b Ishaq b Yasar, born in Madina about 85AH/ 702CE and died in Baghdad 151AH. Ibn Ishaq was the earliest (but one of the worse) biographers of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). 761 CE.


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	* [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/earlysaw.html] "Dated Texts Mentioning Prophet Muḥammad From 1-100 AH / 622-719 CE" by M.S.M. Saifullah & ʿAbdullah David		* [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/earlysaw.html] "Dated Texts Mentioning Prophet Muḥammad From 1-100 AH / 622-719 CE" by M.S.M. Saifullah & ʿAbdullah David
	* [http://www.letmeturnthetables.com/2011/04/hadith-compilations-by-companions-of.html]. Apoligist claim of early hadith.		* [http://www.letmeturnthetables.com/2011/04/hadith-compilations-by-companions-of.html]. Apoligist claim of early hadith.
			* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari] - 600,000 / 300,000 hadith and included only 2,602 traditions in his Sahih. 99% of all Hadith were not considered reliable.

Atheistig at 19:34, 7 December 2013

2013-12-07T19:34:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:34, 7 December 2013
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	** [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Dome_Of_The_Rock/Estwitness.html] "Forgotten Witness: Evidence For The Early Codification Of The Qur'an" - Estelle Whelan		** [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Dome_Of_The_Rock/Estwitness.html] "Forgotten Witness: Evidence For The Early Codification Of The Qur'an" - Estelle Whelan
	** [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/copper.html] Copper inscription Dome of the Rock.		** [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/copper.html] Copper inscription Dome of the Rock.
			* [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/walid.html] Inscription In A Mosque In Damascus, Built By Caliph Walīd, 86-87 AH / 705-706 CE. This inscription is no longer extant and it is reported to us in two versions: a shorter one by Mas‘ūdī (d. 956) and a longer one by Muhammad ibn Shākir al-Kutubī (d. 1363 CE). The longer version has the verse from Qur'an 2:256.
	* Other Buldings		* Other Buldings
	** Dam near Tā'if in the Hijāz, built in 58 / 678. - God		** Dam near Tā'if in the Hijāz, built in 58 / 678. - God
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	* "The equivalent Greek form magaritai is found in a bilingual papyrus of AH 22/643, which is a receipt from the commander of the Arab forces in Egypt to the local inhabitants for goods provided, and it was probably from such documents or from the scribes that copied them that the Christians learned the term. In turn, the Greek derives from the Arabic muhajir, which is the name by which the Arabs are designated on all official documents of the first century of Islam.".		* "The equivalent Greek form magaritai is found in a bilingual papyrus of AH 22/643, which is a receipt from the commander of the Arab forces in Egypt to the local inhabitants for goods provided, and it was probably from such documents or from the scribes that copied them that the Christians learned the term. In turn, the Greek derives from the Arabic muhajir, which is the name by which the Arabs are designated on all official documents of the first century of Islam.".
	* "Muhajir or Mohajir (Arabic: مهاجر‎ muhāǧir) is an Arabic word meaning immigrant.[1] The Islamic calendar Hejira starts when Muhammad and his companions left Mecca for Medina in what is known as Hijra. They were called Muhajirun. The Arabic root word for immigration and emigration is Hijrat." [1] Lane, Edward William (1801–1876). [1956] Arabic-English lexicon. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing. (Originally published in London, 1863–1893)		* "Muhajir or Mohajir (Arabic: مهاجر‎ muhāǧir) is an Arabic word meaning immigrant.[1] The Islamic calendar Hejira starts when Muhammad and his companions left Mecca for Medina in what is known as Hijra. They were called Muhajirun. The Arabic root word for immigration and emigration is Hijrat." [1] Lane, Edward William (1801–1876). [1956] Arabic-English lexicon. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing. (Originally published in London, 1863–1893)
	*[http://rbedrosian.com/~~seb1~~.htm] Full Text of Sebeos.		*[http://rbedrosian.com/seb9.htm] Full Text of Sebeos. Chapter 30.


	'''Sira Literature'''		'''Sira Literature'''
	* The earliest dated literary papyrus is of 229 / 843 (R.G. Khoury, "L'importance d'Ibn Lahī‘a et son papyrus conservé a Heidelberg," Arabica 22 [1975]: 11-12), though some fragments belonging to the mid- to late eighth century are found in A. Grohmann, Arabic Papyri from Khirbet el-Mird (Louvain, 1963), nos. 71-73.		* The earliest dated literary papyrus is of 229 / 843 (R.G. Khoury, "L'importance d'Ibn Lahī‘a et son papyrus conservé a Heidelberg," Arabica 22 [1975]: 11-12), though some fragments belonging to the mid- to late eighth century are found in A. Grohmann, Arabic Papyri from Khirbet el-Mird (Louvain, 1963), nos. 71-73.
			* [http://www.answering-christian-claims.com/The-Problems-With-Ibn-Ishaq.html] . His full name is Muhammad b Ishaq b Yasar, born in Madina about 85AH/ 702CE and died in Baghdad 151AH. Ibn Ishaq was the earliest (but one of the worse) biographers of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).


	'''Hadith'''		'''Hadith'''
	[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/earlysaw.html] "Dated Texts Mentioning Prophet Muḥammad From 1-100 AH / 622-719 CE" by M.S.M. Saifullah & ʿAbdullah David		* [http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/earlysaw.html] "Dated Texts Mentioning Prophet Muḥammad From 1-100 AH / 622-719 CE" by M.S.M. Saifullah & ʿAbdullah David
			* [http://www.letmeturnthetables.com/2011/04/hadith-compilations-by-companions-of.html]. Apoligist claim of early hadith.

Atheistig at 18:45, 7 December 2013

2013-12-07T18:45:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 7 December 2013
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	* ~640 Peter, governor of Numidia / " barbarous people of the desert"		* ~640 Peter, governor of Numidia / " barbarous people of the desert"
	* ~650's Short Graffiti - rock etchings / God		* ~650's Short Graffiti - rock etchings / God
			* ~660's Sebeos, Bishop Of The Bagratunis / Mahmet - details of life
	* ~670 Archdeacon Theodore contemporary to Sophronius / Saracen - Mosque Jerusalem		* ~670 Archdeacon Theodore contemporary to Sophronius / Saracen - Mosque Jerusalem
	* 678 Inscription on Dam near Tā'if in the Hijāz / God		* 678 Inscription on Dam near Tā'if in the Hijāz / God
	* 688 Inscription on Bridge in Fustat / God		* 688 Inscription on Bridge in Fustat / God
	* 690's John, Bishop of Nikiu / "Moslem", "Mohammed"		* 690's John, Bishop of Nikiu / "Moslem", "Mohammed"
	* 692 Dome of the Rock Inscription / Muhammad / Jesus		* 691 Arab-Sassanian coin / Muhammad rasūl Allāh
			* 692 Dome of the Rock Inscription / Muhammad - Jesus
	* 696 Reformed Coinage / Muhammad		* 696 Reformed Coinage / Muhammad
	* ~750-800. Papyrus fragments.		* ~750-800. Papyrus fragments.
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	*[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Coins/] Examples of coins.		*[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Coins/] Examples of coins.
	*[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/hoyland.html] Hoyland on coins.		*[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/hoyland.html] Hoyland on coins.
	* 9:33 ("Muhammad is the messenger of God whom He sent with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religion, even if the idolaters are averse"), This first appears on the reform coinage from 77 / 696		** Quran 9:33 ("Muhammad is the messenger of God whom He sent with guidance and the religion of truth to make it prevail over all religion, even if the idolaters are averse"), This first appears on the reform coinage from 77 / 696
			** Muhammad rasūl Allāh is on an Arab-Sassanian coin of Khālid bin ʿAbdullāh from the year 71 AH / 691 CE. Y. D. Nevo, "Towards A Prehistory Of Islam", Jerusalem Studies In Arabic And Islam, 1994, Volume 17, pp. 109-110; Also see Y. Nevo & J. Koren, Crossroads To Islam: The Origins Of The Arab Religion And The Arab State, 2003, Prometheus Books: New York, p. 247


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	* "The equivalent Greek form magaritai is found in a bilingual papyrus of AH 22/643, which is a receipt from the commander of the Arab forces in Egypt to the local inhabitants for goods provided, and it was probably from such documents or from the scribes that copied them that the Christians learned the term. In turn, the Greek derives from the Arabic muhajir, which is the name by which the Arabs are designated on all official documents of the first century of Islam.".		* "The equivalent Greek form magaritai is found in a bilingual papyrus of AH 22/643, which is a receipt from the commander of the Arab forces in Egypt to the local inhabitants for goods provided, and it was probably from such documents or from the scribes that copied them that the Christians learned the term. In turn, the Greek derives from the Arabic muhajir, which is the name by which the Arabs are designated on all official documents of the first century of Islam.".
	* "Muhajir or Mohajir (Arabic: مهاجر‎ muhāǧir) is an Arabic word meaning immigrant.[1] The Islamic calendar Hejira starts when Muhammad and his companions left Mecca for Medina in what is known as Hijra. They were called Muhajirun. The Arabic root word for immigration and emigration is Hijrat." [1] Lane, Edward William (1801–1876). [1956] Arabic-English lexicon. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing. (Originally published in London, 1863–1893)		* "Muhajir or Mohajir (Arabic: مهاجر‎ muhāǧir) is an Arabic word meaning immigrant.[1] The Islamic calendar Hejira starts when Muhammad and his companions left Mecca for Medina in what is known as Hijra. They were called Muhajirun. The Arabic root word for immigration and emigration is Hijrat." [1] Lane, Edward William (1801–1876). [1956] Arabic-English lexicon. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing. (Originally published in London, 1863–1893)
			*[http://rbedrosian.com/seb1.htm] Full Text of Sebeos.


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	'''Hadith'''		'''Hadith'''
			[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/History/Islam/Inscriptions/earlysaw.html] "Dated Texts Mentioning Prophet Muḥammad From 1-100 AH / 622-719 CE" by M.S.M. Saifullah & ʿAbdullah David

Atheistig at 23:16, 6 December 2013

2013-12-06T23:16:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:16, 6 December 2013
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	* [http://ziontruth.blogspot.com/2007/04/arab-conquest-of-ancient-east-orient.html] "tayyaye" refers to an Arab tribe, the Tay		* [http://ziontruth.blogspot.com/2007/04/arab-conquest-of-ancient-east-orient.html] "tayyaye" refers to an Arab tribe, the Tay
	* [http://xklsv.org/viewwiki.php?title=Hagarenes] mhaggre (with a pun on the word muhajir, from Hagar's expulsion), is a term that describes "the followers or descendants of Hagar". The name was used in Judeo-Christian literature and Byzantine chronicles for Hanif Arabs, then for Islamic forces known collectively as Saracens, and during the height of the Ottoman Empire, for Turks. The name, used interchangeably with Ishmaelites, came also to mean any Muslim.		* [http://xklsv.org/viewwiki.php?title=Hagarenes] mhaggre (with a pun on the word muhajir, from Hagar's expulsion), is a term that describes "the followers or descendants of Hagar". The name was used in Judeo-Christian literature and Byzantine chronicles for Hanif Arabs, then for Islamic forces known collectively as Saracens, and during the height of the Ottoman Empire, for Turks. The name, used interchangeably with Ishmaelites, came also to mean any Muslim.
			* "The equivalent Greek form magaritai is found in a bilingual papyrus of AH 22/643, which is a receipt from the commander of the Arab forces in Egypt to the local inhabitants for goods provided, and it was probably from such documents or from the scribes that copied them that the Christians learned the term. In turn, the Greek derives from the Arabic muhajir, which is the name by which the Arabs are designated on all official documents of the first century of Islam.".
			* "Muhajir or Mohajir (Arabic: مهاجر‎ muhāǧir) is an Arabic word meaning immigrant.[1] The Islamic calendar Hejira starts when Muhammad and his companions left Mecca for Medina in what is known as Hijra. They were called Muhajirun. The Arabic root word for immigration and emigration is Hijrat." [1] Lane, Edward William (1801–1876). [1956] Arabic-English lexicon. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing. (Originally published in London, 1863–1893)

Atheistig at 23:07, 6 December 2013

2013-12-06T23:07:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:07, 6 December 2013
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	** Robert G. Hoyland in 1997 published an important book entitled "Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam".		** Robert G. Hoyland in 1997 published an important book entitled "Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam".
	* [http://ziontruth.blogspot.com/2007/04/arab-conquest-of-ancient-east-orient.html] "tayyaye" refers to an Arab tribe, the Tay		* [http://ziontruth.blogspot.com/2007/04/arab-conquest-of-ancient-east-orient.html] "tayyaye" refers to an Arab tribe, the Tay
			* [http://xklsv.org/viewwiki.php?title=Hagarenes] mhaggre (with a pun on the word muhajir, from Hagar's expulsion), is a term that describes "the followers or descendants of Hagar". The name was used in Judeo-Christian literature and Byzantine chronicles for Hanif Arabs, then for Islamic forces known collectively as Saracens, and during the height of the Ottoman Empire, for Turks. The name, used interchangeably with Ishmaelites, came also to mean any Muslim.

Atheistig at 22:59, 6 December 2013

2013-12-06T22:59:13Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:59, 6 December 2013
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	* [http://www.christianorigins.com/islamrefs.html] "External References to Islam"		* [http://www.christianorigins.com/islamrefs.html] "External References to Islam"
	** Robert G. Hoyland in 1997 published an important book entitled "Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam".		** Robert G. Hoyland in 1997 published an important book entitled "Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam".
			* [http://ziontruth.blogspot.com/2007/04/arab-conquest-of-ancient-east-orient.html] "tayyaye" refers to an Arab tribe, the Tay

Atheistig at 22:46, 6 December 2013

2013-12-06T22:46:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:46, 6 December 2013
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	* 622 Hijrah?		* 622 Hijrah?
	* 633 Death of Muhammad?		* 633 Death of Muhammad?
			* 634 Doctrina Jacobi / "Prophet who has appeared with the Saracens"
			* ~636 Syriac Gospel Fragment / " killing of {the Arabs of} Muhammad (Muhmd)"
	* 637 Arab conquest of Jerusalem		* 637 Arab conquest of Jerusalem
			* ~639 Sophronius / Saracen conquests
			* ~640 Thomas the Presbyter / "the Arabs of Muhammad (tayyaye d-Mhmt)"
			* ~640 Peter, governor of Numidia / " barbarous people of the desert"
	* ~650's Short Graffiti - rock etchings / God		* ~650's Short Graffiti - rock etchings / God
	* 678 Dam near Tā'if in the Hijāz / God		* ~670 Archdeacon Theodore contemporary to Sophronius / Saracen - Mosque Jerusalem
	* 688 Bridge in Fustat / God		* 678 Inscription on Dam near Tā'if in the Hijāz / God
			* 688 Inscription on Bridge in Fustat / God
			* 690's John, Bishop of Nikiu / "Moslem", "Mohammed"
	* 692 Dome of the Rock Inscription / Muhammad / Jesus		* 692 Dome of the Rock Inscription / Muhammad / Jesus
	* 696 Reformed Coinage / Muhammad		* 696 Reformed Coinage / Muhammad
	* ~750-800. Papyrus fragments.		* ~750-800. Papyrus fragments.
			* 776 Graffiti from northern Arabia / Quran - generic "book"
			* 810 Tombstone, Egypt / Quran - first explicit reference
	* 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus		* 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus

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	** Bridge in Fustat 69 / 688 - God		** Bridge in Fustat 69 / 688 - God
	** Palace of Muwaqqar, for of Yazīd II (720-24)		** Palace of Muwaqqar, for of Yazīd II (720-24)


	'''Early Arab Coins and Inscriptions'''		'''Early Arab Coins and Inscriptions'''
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	* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophronius_of_Jerusalem]. Patriarch of Jerusalem from 634 until his death.		* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophronius_of_Jerusalem]. Patriarch of Jerusalem from 634 until his death.
	* [http://elektratig.blogspot.com/2012/06/did-muhammad-exist-doctrina-jacobi.html]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_of_Jacob]. Doctrina Jacobi.		* [http://elektratig.blogspot.com/2012/06/did-muhammad-exist-doctrina-jacobi.html]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_of_Jacob]. Doctrina Jacobi.
			* [http://www.christianorigins.com/islamrefs.html] "External References to Islam"
			** Robert G. Hoyland in 1997 published an important book entitled "Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam".