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{{Incompletetranslations}} | {{Incompletetranslations|Flat Earth and the Quran|Uzbek}} | ||
[[File:Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg|right|thumb|175px| | [[File:Flat Earth The Wonders of Creation.jpg|right|thumb|175px|Zekeriya Kazvinî'ning "Acaib-ül Mahlûkat" ("Yaratilish ajoyiblari") asaridan olingan. Turkcahdan Arabchaga ögirilgan. Istanbul: taxm. 1553. <BR>Bu xarita "dunyoni ananaviy Islomiy tarzda Qof toğlari bilan cheklangan dengizlar bilan öralgan tekis disk" qilib tasvirlaydi.<ref>[http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/world/earth.html Views of the Earth] - World Treasures of the Library of Congress, July 29, 2010</ref> ]] | ||
Ushbu maqolada [[Quron]] muallifi Yerni yassi deb öylaganini körsatuvchi oyatlarga yoritiladi. | |||
== Kirish == | ==Kirish== | ||
The fact that the earth is not flat has been known for thousands of years. The Ancient [[Greece|Greeks]] Pythagoras (570 - 495 BC), Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) and Hipparchus (190 - 120 BC) all knew this. The [[India|Indian]] astronomer and mathematician, Aryabhata (476 - 550 AD) knew this. And so did the early Christian scholars Anicius Boëthius (480 - 524 AD), Bishop Isidore of Seville (560 - 636 AD), Bishop Rabanus Maurus (780 - 856 AD), the monk Bede (672 - 735 AD), Bishop Vergilius of Salzburg (700 - 784 AD) and Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274 AD). In fact, contrary to what we are often told, the sphericity of the earth was common knowledge among early medieval | The fact that the earth is not flat has been known for thousands of years. The Ancient [[Greece|Greeks]] Pythagoras (570 - 495 BC), Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) and Hipparchus (190 - 120 BC) all knew this. The [[India|Indian]] astronomer and mathematician, Aryabhata (476 - 550 AD) knew this. And so did the early Christian scholars Anicius Boëthius (480 - 524 AD), Bishop Isidore of Seville (560 - 636 AD), Bishop Rabanus Maurus (780 - 856 AD), the monk Bede (672 - 735 AD), Bishop Vergilius of Salzburg (700 - 784 AD) and Thomas Aquinas (1225 - 1274 AD). In fact, contrary to what we are often told, the sphericity of the earth was common knowledge among early medieval Europeans<ref>{{cite web|url= http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myth_of_the_Flat_Earth&oldid=556807448|title= Myth of the Flat Earth|publisher= Wikipedia|author= |date= accessed June 12, 2013|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMyth_of_the_Flat_Earth&date=2013-06-12|deadurl=no}}</ref> and the Holy Roman Empire from as early as 395 AD used an orb to represent the spherical Earth.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Globus_cruciger&oldid=312872920 Globus cruciger] - Wikipedia, accessed September 9, 2009</ref> | ||
If the [[Qur'an]] is a letter-by-letter dictation from [[Allah]], it should also concur with this fact that was known throughout the world ''before'' its [[revelation]], and it should contradict the flat earth model widely believed in by the 7<sup>th</sup> century Bedouins of Arabia. | If the [[Qur'an]] is a letter-by-letter dictation from [[Allah]], it should also concur with this fact that was known throughout the world ''before'' its [[revelation]], and it should contradict the flat earth model widely believed in by the 7<sup>th</sup> century Bedouins of Arabia. | ||
== Quron oyatlarining tahlili == | ==Quron oyatlarining tahlili== | ||
=== 15-sura 19-oyat === | ===15-sura 19-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|15|19}}|''' والارض مددناها''' والقينا فيها رواسي وانبتنا فيها من كل شئ موزون''' | {{Quote|{{Quron|15|19}}|''' والارض مددناها''' والقينا فيها رواسي وانبتنا فيها من كل شئ موزون''' | ||
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مَدَدْ = yoymoq, cho'zmoq, kengaytirmoq, tortirmoq, taranglamoq | مَدَدْ = yoymoq, cho'zmoq, kengaytirmoq, tortirmoq, taranglamoq | ||
=== 20-sura 53-oyat === | ===20-sura 53-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|20|53}}| '''الذي جعل لكم الارض مهدا''' وسلك لكم فيها سبلا وانزل من السماء ماء فاخرجنا به ازواجا من نبات شتى | {{Quote|{{Quron|20|53}}| '''الذي جعل لكم الارض مهدا''' وسلك لكم فيها سبلا وانزل من السماء ماء فاخرجنا به ازواجا من نبات شتى | ||
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مَهْدًا = (Ot) beshik yoki to'shak, (fe'l) yoymoq, tekislamoq, bosib yoymoq, kirgizmoq, dumalatmoq. | مَهْدًا = (Ot) beshik yoki to'shak, (fe'l) yoymoq, tekislamoq, bosib yoymoq, kirgizmoq, dumalatmoq. | ||
=== 43-sura 10-oyat === | ===43-sura 10-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|43|10}}| '''الذي جعل لكم الارض مهدا''' وجعل لكم فيها سبلا لعلكم تهتدون | {{Quote|{{Quron|43|10}}| '''الذي جعل لكم الارض مهدا''' وجعل لكم فيها سبلا لعلكم تهتدون | ||
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مَهْدًا = (Ot) beshik yoki to'shak, (fe'l) yoymoq, tekislamoq, bosib yoymoq, kirgizmoq, dumalatmoq. | مَهْدًا = (Ot) beshik yoki to'shak, (fe'l) yoymoq, tekislamoq, bosib yoymoq, kirgizmoq, dumalatmoq. | ||
=== 50-sura 7-oyat === | ===50-sura 7-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|50|7}}| '''والارض مددناها''' والقينا فيها رواسي وانبتنا فيها من كل زوج بهيج | {{Quote|{{Quron|50|7}}| '''والارض مددناها''' والقينا فيها رواسي وانبتنا فيها من كل زوج بهيج | ||
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مَدَدْ = yoymoq, cho'zmoq, kengaytirmoq, tortirmoq, taranglamoq | مَدَدْ = yoymoq, cho'zmoq, kengaytirmoq, tortirmoq, taranglamoq | ||
=== 51-sura 48-oyat === | ===51-sura 48-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|51|48}}| والارض فرشناها فنعم الماهدون | {{Quote|{{Quron|51|48}}| والارض فرشناها فنعم الماهدون | ||
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الْمَهِدُونَ dan boshlab مَهِدُ = yoymoq, yumshatmoq, tekislamoq, ezg'ilamoq, dumalatmoq | الْمَهِدُونَ dan boshlab مَهِدُ = yoymoq, yumshatmoq, tekislamoq, ezg'ilamoq, dumalatmoq | ||
=== 71-sura 19-oyat === | ===71-sura 19-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|71|19}}| والله جعل لكم الارض بساطا | {{Quote|{{Quron|71|19}}| والله جعل لكم الارض بساطا | ||
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ushbu fe'l orqali بسط = yoymoq, tekislamoq, tenglashtirmoq, ezg'ilamoq, dumalatmoq | ushbu fe'l orqali بسط = yoymoq, tekislamoq, tenglashtirmoq, ezg'ilamoq, dumalatmoq | ||
=== 78-sura 6-oyat === | ===78-sura 6-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|78|6}}| الم نجعل الارض مهادا | {{Quote|{{Quron|78|6}}| الم نجعل الارض مهادا | ||
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مهاد = tekis joy, tekis, tekislik, to'shalgan. | مهاد = tekis joy, tekis, tekislik, to'shalgan. | ||
=== 79-sura 30-oyat === | ===79-sura 30-oyat=== | ||
Ko'pchilik musulmonlar [[Quron]]dagi {{Quron|79|30}} oyatini qo'llagan holatda [[Quron]]da Yer yassi deya ta'kidlanmagan deb uni oqlaydilar. Ushbu oyatdagi "dahaha" iborasi bunga asosa qilib olinadi, bu ibora ko'p ma'noli bo'lib, "ajratmoq", "yoymoq" yoki "cho'zmoq" ma'nolarini bildiradi. | Ko'pchilik musulmonlar [[Quron]]dagi {{Quron|79|30}} oyatini qo'llagan holatda [[Quron]]da Yer yassi deya ta'kidlanmagan deb uni oqlaydilar. Ushbu oyatdagi "dahaha" iborasi bunga asosa qilib olinadi, bu ibora ko'p ma'noli bo'lib, "ajratmoq", "yoymoq" yoki "cho'zmoq" ma'nolarini bildiradi. | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|79|30}}| '''En arabe:''' والارض بعد ذلك دحاها | {{Quote|{{Quron|79|30}}| '''En arabe:''' والارض بعد ذلك دحاها | ||
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'''So'zma so'z tarjimasi:''' Va shundan keyin yerni yoyib-tekis qildi <ref>http://www.uzislam.com/quran/79?page=2#verse30</ref> }} | '''So'zma so'z tarjimasi:''' Va shundan keyin yerni yoyib-tekis qildi <ref>http://www.uzislam.com/quran/79?page=2#verse30</ref> }} | ||
==== Tarjimalar hilma hilligi ==== | ====Tarjimalar hilma hilligi==== | ||
[[Quron]]ning arabchadan boshqa tillarga tarjimalari orasida juda katta tafovutlar mavjuddir. Aynan {{Quron|79|30}} oyatidagi "dahaha" iborasi ham bundan mustasno emasdir. Ko'pchilik islomshunos olimlar Quronning ingilizcha, fransuzcha yoki boshqa xalqaro tillaridagi tarjimalarida bu so'zni qaysi ma'noda ishlatish hususida haligacha bir to'htamga kelishmagan. O'zbek tilidagi Quron tarjimasida ham aynan shu oyat ikki hil tarzda tarjima qilingan, birinchi tarjimada yerni yoyiq-tekisligi haqida aytilsa<ref>http://www.uzislam.com/quran/79?page=2#verse30</ref>, uning yana bir tarjimasida yerni tuxum shalida ekanligi <ref>http://www.quran.uz/tarjima/quran/79</ref> ta'kidlanadi. | [[Quron]]ning arabchadan boshqa tillarga tarjimalari orasida juda katta tafovutlar mavjuddir. Aynan {{Quron|79|30}} oyatidagi "dahaha" iborasi ham bundan mustasno emasdir. Ko'pchilik islomshunos olimlar Quronning ingilizcha, fransuzcha yoki boshqa xalqaro tillaridagi tarjimalarida bu so'zni qaysi ma'noda ishlatish hususida haligacha bir to'htamga kelishmagan. O'zbek tilidagi Quron tarjimasida ham aynan shu oyat ikki hil tarzda tarjima qilingan, birinchi tarjimada yerni yoyiq-tekisligi haqida aytilsa<ref>http://www.uzislam.com/quran/79?page=2#verse30</ref>, uning yana bir tarjimasida yerni tuxum shalida ekanligi <ref>http://www.quran.uz/tarjima/quran/79</ref> ta'kidlanadi. | ||
==== Musulmonlarning oqlovlari ==== | ====Musulmonlarning oqlovlari==== | ||
Musulmonlarning ko'pchiligi [[Quron]]da yerning - "dahaha" ya'ni "tuyaqush tuxumi"ga o'hshatilganligini ta'kidlashadi. | Musulmonlarning ko'pchiligi [[Quron]]da yerning - "dahaha" ya'ni "tuyaqush tuxumi"ga o'hshatilganligini ta'kidlashadi. | ||
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Musulmonlarning "almadahi" va "udhiyatun" iboralari "yumaloqlik" ma'nosini bildirishi haqidagi argumentlari asossizdir, "almadahi" va "udhiyatun" iboralarning "yumaloqligi faqat ikki o'lchamli "yumaloqlik"ni anglatadi, ya'ni ko'proq o'zbekchadagi doiraga mos tushadi, huddi non yoki disk shakli kabi. Lekin "dahaha" so'zining yana bir ma'nosi "irg'itish", "otish" demakdir, aynan shundan "almadahi" va "udhiyatun" so'zlari unga bog'langandir. | Musulmonlarning "almadahi" va "udhiyatun" iboralari "yumaloqlik" ma'nosini bildirishi haqidagi argumentlari asossizdir, "almadahi" va "udhiyatun" iboralarning "yumaloqligi faqat ikki o'lchamli "yumaloqlik"ni anglatadi, ya'ni ko'proq o'zbekchadagi doiraga mos tushadi, huddi non yoki disk shakli kabi. Lekin "dahaha" so'zining yana bir ma'nosi "irg'itish", "otish" demakdir, aynan shundan "almadahi" va "udhiyatun" so'zlari unga bog'langandir. | ||
==== Daha va Duhiya ==== | ====Daha va Duhiya==== | ||
Arab tilida har bir so'z o'zining boshlang'ich ildiziga ega. Ildiz so'zlar asosan uch harfdan tashkil topadi va talaffuzning o'zgarishi bilan so'zning ma'nosi ham o'zgarib boradi. Unga kelishik qo'shimchalarning qo'shilishi ham so'zni ma'nosini o'zgartirishi mumkin. Masalan: "ka-ta-ba" (yozmoq) ildiz so'zi hozigi ko'p so'zning asosi hisoblanadi - "kitab" (kitob), "maktaba" (kutubhona), "katib" (muallif, "maktub" (qo'lyozma, xat), "kitabat" (qo'lyozmalar, yozishmalar) va hakozolar. | Arab tilida har bir so'z o'zining boshlang'ich ildiziga ega. Ildiz so'zlar asosan uch harfdan tashkil topadi va talaffuzning o'zgarishi bilan so'zning ma'nosi ham o'zgarib boradi. Unga kelishik qo'shimchalarning qo'shilishi ham so'zni ma'nosini o'zgartirishi mumkin. Masalan: "ka-ta-ba" (yozmoq) ildiz so'zi hozigi ko'p so'zning asosi hisoblanadi - "kitab" (kitob), "maktaba" (kutubhona), "katib" (muallif, "maktub" (qo'lyozma, xat), "kitabat" (qo'lyozmalar, yozishmalar) va hakozolar. | ||
Endi "Tuyaqush tuxumi" ma'nosini bildiruvchi "Duhiya" so'ziga e'tibor qaratsak. Dastavval bu so'z ildiz so'z emas. Bu oddiy so'z bo'lib uning asosi "da-ha-wa" ildiz so'zi bo'lib, u o'z navbatida "dahaha" so'zidan kelib chiqqan. Mana bu haqda arab lug'atlarining eng holislardan biri shunday deydi: | Endi "Tuyaqush tuxumi" ma'nosini bildiruvchi "Duhiya" so'ziga e'tibor qaratsak. Dastavval bu so'z ildiz so'z emas. Bu oddiy so'z bo'lib uning asosi "da-ha-wa" ildiz so'zi bo'lib, u o'z navbatida "dahaha" so'zidan kelib chiqqan. Mana bu haqda arab lug'atlarining eng holislardan biri shunday deydi: | ||
===== Lison Al 'Arab ===== | =====Lison Al 'Arab===== | ||
{{quote || الأُدْحِيُّ و الإدْحِيُّ و الأُدْحِيَّة و الإدْحِيَّة و الأُدْحُوّة مَبِيض النعام في الرمل , وزنه أُفْعُول من ذلك , لأَن النعامة تَدْحُوه برِجْلها ثم تَبِيض فيه وليس للنعام عُشٌّ . و مَدْحَى النعام : موضع بيضها , و أُدْحِيُّها موضعها الذي تُفَرِّخ فيه .ِ}} | {{quote || الأُدْحِيُّ و الإدْحِيُّ و الأُدْحِيَّة و الإدْحِيَّة و الأُدْحُوّة مَبِيض النعام في الرمل , وزنه أُفْعُول من ذلك , لأَن النعامة تَدْحُوه برِجْلها ثم تَبِيض فيه وليس للنعام عُشٌّ . و مَدْحَى النعام : موضع بيضها , و أُدْحِيُّها موضعها الذي تُفَرِّخ فيه .ِ}} | ||
Tarjima: Al-udhy, Al-idhy, Al-udhiyya, Al-idhiyya, Al-udhuvva: Tuyaqush tuxumini qo'yadigan qum usti. Tuxum qo'yishdan oldin Tuyaqush yerni yoki qumni kovlaydi, va o'sha joyga tuxumini qo'yadi: Tuyaqushni uyasi bo'lmaydi. | Tarjima: Al-udhy, Al-idhy, Al-udhiyya, Al-idhiyya, Al-udhuvva: Tuyaqush tuxumini qo'yadigan qum usti. Tuxum qo'yishdan oldin Tuyaqush yerni yoki qumni kovlaydi, va o'sha joyga tuxumini qo'yadi: Tuyaqushni uyasi bo'lmaydi. | ||
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Keyingi qismda lug'at har xil arab ruboiylardan ushbu so'zni ma'nosini ko'rsatgan holda misollar keltiradi. Arab tilini tushunadigan har bir kishi uchun "Daha" so'zi "yoymoq", "kengaytirmoq" ma'nolarini bildirishini anglash qiyin emas. | Keyingi qismda lug'at har xil arab ruboiylardan ushbu so'zni ma'nosini ko'rsatgan holda misollar keltiradi. Arab tilini tushunadigan har bir kishi uchun "Daha" so'zi "yoymoq", "kengaytirmoq" ma'nolarini bildirishini anglash qiyin emas. | ||
===== Al Qamus Al Muhit ===== | =====Al Qamus Al Muhit===== | ||
{{quote || (دَحَا): الله الأرضَ | {{quote || (دَحَا): الله الأرضَ | ||
(يَدْحُوهَا وَيَدْحَاهَا دَحْواً) بَسَطَها}} | (يَدْحُوهَا وَيَدْحَاهَا دَحْواً) بَسَطَها}} | ||
Tarjima: Alloh yerni daha qildi: Alloh yerni yoydi. | Tarjima: Alloh yerni daha qildi: Alloh yerni yoydi. | ||
===== Al Wasiit ===== | =====Al Wasiit===== | ||
{{quote || دَحَا الشيءَ: بسطه ووسعه. يقال: دحا اللهُ الأَرض }} | {{quote || دَحَا الشيءَ: بسطه ووسعه. يقال: دحا اللهُ الأَرض }} | ||
Tarjima: Dahani nimadir qilish: yoymoq, kengaytirmoq. Masalan: Alloh yerni yoydi. | Tarjima: Dahani nimadir qilish: yoymoq, kengaytirmoq. Masalan: Alloh yerni yoydi. | ||
===== Lane leksikasi ===== | =====Lane leksikasi===== | ||
{{quote ||2= Dahaha - Tuyaqush tuxumini qo'yadigan joy, qum usti; Tuyaqush tuxumi emas<ref>[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000023.pdf Lane's Lexicon - daha (PDF)] </ref>}} | {{quote ||2= Dahaha - Tuyaqush tuxumini qo'yadigan joy, qum usti; Tuyaqush tuxumi emas<ref>[http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume3/00000023.pdf Lane's Lexicon - daha (PDF)] </ref>}} | ||
=== 88-sura 20-oyat === | ===88-sura 20-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|88|20}}| والى الارض كيف سطحت | {{Quote|{{Quron|88|20}}| والى الارض كيف سطحت | ||
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سَطَّحَ = yoymoq, ochmoq, kengaytirmiq, yotqizmoq, bosib yoymoq, tekislamoq, tenglashtirmoq, tashqariga qarab yoymoq, qirtishlamoq. | سَطَّحَ = yoymoq, ochmoq, kengaytirmiq, yotqizmoq, bosib yoymoq, tekislamoq, tenglashtirmoq, tashqariga qarab yoymoq, qirtishlamoq. | ||
=== 91-sura 6-oyat === | ===91-sura 6-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|91|6}}| والارض وماطحاها | {{Quote|{{Quron|91|6}}| والارض وماطحاها | ||
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Yerga va uni tekis qilib qo'ygan zotga qasam!}} | Yerga va uni tekis qilib qo'ygan zotga qasam!}} | ||
== Qo'shimcha dalillar == | ==Qo'shimcha dalillar== | ||
=== 2-sura 22-oyat === | ===2-sura 22-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|2|22}}| الذي جعل لكم الارض فراشا والسماء بناء وانزل من السماء ماء فاخرج به من الثمرات رزقا لكم فلا تجعلوا لله اندادا وانتم تعلمون | {{Quote|{{Quron|2|22}}| الذي جعل لكم الارض فراشا والسماء بناء وانزل من السماء ماء فاخرج به من الثمرات رزقا لكم فلا تجعلوا لله اندادا وانتم تعلمون | ||
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Ushbu so'z ( بِنَاء ) "binaa" yoki "binan" o'zbek tiliga "chodir" deb tarjima qilinadi ya'ni bino. Quronga ko'ra Yer Samo atalmish yetti qavatli ulkan binoning eng quyi '''tekis''' poydevoridir. Ushbu [[Olamning Qurondagi manzarasi|maqolaga]] qaralsin. | Ushbu so'z ( بِنَاء ) "binaa" yoki "binan" o'zbek tiliga "chodir" deb tarjima qilinadi ya'ni bino. Quronga ko'ra Yer Samo atalmish yetti qavatli ulkan binoning eng quyi '''tekis''' poydevoridir. Ushbu [[Olamning Qurondagi manzarasi|maqolaga]] qaralsin. | ||
=== 18-sura 86-oyat === | ===18-sura 86-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|18|86}}| حتى اذا بلغ مغرب الشمس وجدها تغرب في عين حمئة ووجد عندها قوما قلنا ياذا القرنين اما ان تعذب واما ان تتخذ فيهم حسنا | {{Quote|{{Quron|18|86}}| حتى اذا بلغ مغرب الشمس وجدها تغرب في عين حمئة ووجد عندها قوما قلنا ياذا القرنين اما ان تعذب واما ان تتخذ فيهم حسنا | ||
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To kun botadigan joyga yetgach u quyoshning bir loyqa buloqqa botayotganini ko'rdi va u buloq oldida bir qavmni uchratdi. Biz dedik: "Ey Zul-Qarnayn, yo ularni azobga duchor qilursan, yoki ularga yahshi muomalada bo'lursan" }} | To kun botadigan joyga yetgach u quyoshning bir loyqa buloqqa botayotganini ko'rdi va u buloq oldida bir qavmni uchratdi. Biz dedik: "Ey Zul-Qarnayn, yo ularni azobga duchor qilursan, yoki ularga yahshi muomalada bo'lursan" }} | ||
Ushbu [[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring|quyoshning botishi]] haqidagi oyat, yerning tekis ekanligini qo'llab quvvatlaydi. | Ushbu [[Dhul-Qarnayn and the Sun Setting in a Muddy Spring - Part One|quyoshning botishi]] haqidagi oyat, yerning tekis ekanligini qo'llab quvvatlaydi. | ||
=== 18-sura 47-oyat === | ===18-sura 47-oyat=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Quron|18|47}}| ويوم نسير الجبال وترى الارض بارزة وحشرناهم فلم نغادر منهم احدا | {{Quote|{{Quron|18|47}}| ويوم نسير الجبال وترى الارض بارزة وحشرناهم فلم نغادر منهم احدا | ||
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Ushbu oyatda bizga [[Quron]] yerni tekis shaklda ko'rishimizga tog'lar halaqit qilishiga ishora qiladi. | Ushbu oyatda bizga [[Quron]] yerni tekis shaklda ko'rishimizga tog'lar halaqit qilishiga ishora qiladi. | ||
=== 2 | ===Qur'an 2:144=== | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Quran|2|144}}|We have seen the turning of thy face to heaven (for guidance, O Muhammad). And now verily We shall make thee turn (in prayer) toward a qiblah which is dear to thee. So turn thy face toward the Inviolable Place of Worship, and ye (O Muslims), wheresoever ye may be, turn your faces (when ye pray) toward it. Lo! Those who have received the Scripture know that (this revelation) is the Truth from their Lord. And Allah is not unaware of what they do.}} | ||
This verse tells all Muslims to pray towards the [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]] (qiblah being the direction that one has to face in order to do this). This is only possible on a flat earth model. Due to the sphericity of the earth, a prayer in any direction will point towards the sky/outer-space, not Mecca. | |||
[[File:Verse 2-144.gif|right]] | [[File:Verse 2-144.gif|right]] | ||
For people who are praying a great distance from Mecca, their qiblah would be somewhere down towards the ground, and the people who are located on the opposite 'side' of the earth would have to pray vertically downward towards the center of the earth. | |||
So, for example, Muslims in the Solomon Islands in fact blaspheme against Allah, because they defecate toward the direction of the Ka'aba when they answer the call of nature. | |||
Even if we were to use the traditional Muslim method of determining qiblah (i.e. a [[W:Great circle|great circle]]) this would still be blasphemous because you would be simultaneously praying with your face and backside aimed towards the Ka'aba. | |||
In addition to all of the direct evidence we have provided, this is just one of the problems which indirectly indicate that the narrator/writer of the Qur'an believed in a flat earth model. | |||
=== 2 | ===Qur'an 2:187=== | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Quran|2|187}}|It is made lawful for you to go in unto your wives on the night of the fast. They are raiment for you and ye are raiment for them. Allah is Aware that ye were deceiving yourselves in this respect and He hath turned in mercy toward you and relieved you. So hold intercourse with them and seek that which Allah hath ordained for you, and eat and drink until the white thread becometh distinct to you from the black thread of the dawn. Then strictly observe the fast till nightfall and touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques. These are the limits imposed by Allah, so approach them not. Thus Allah expoundeth His revelation to mankind that they may ward off (evil)}} | ||
This verse tells Muslims, when fasting, to not eat, drink, or have [[Reproduction|sexual intercourse]] during sunlight hours. This can cause a [[The Ramadan Pole Paradox|huge problem]] for those who live close to the North or South poles. | |||
The closer we get to the poles, the longer our days or nights become. They can eventually extend for up to several months each, making this verse, the fourth [[Five Pillars of Islam|Pillar of Islam]], impossible to practice without starving yourself to death. Again, this problem would not exist on a flat earth model. | |||
== | ==General Apologetics== | ||
===Qur'an 22:61, 31:29, & 39:5=== | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|22|61}}| ذلك بان الله يولج الليل في النهار ويولج النهار في الليل وان الله سميع بصير | |||
Thalika bi-anna Allaha yooliju allayla fee alnnahari wayooliju alnnahara fee allayli waanna Allaha sameeAAun baseerun | |||
That is because Allah merges night into day, and He merges day into night, and verily it is Allah Who hears and sees (all things).}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|31|29}}| الم تر ان الله يولج الليل في النهار ويولج النهار في الليل وسخر الشمس والقمر كل يجري الى اجل مسمى وان الله بما تعملون خبير | {{Quote|{{Quran|31|29}}| الم تر ان الله يولج الليل في النهار ويولج النهار في الليل وسخر الشمس والقمر كل يجري الى اجل مسمى وان الله بما تعملون خبير | ||
Alam tara anna Allaha yooliju allayla fee alnnahari wayooliju alnnahara fee allayli wasakhkhara alshshamsa waalqamara kullun yajree ila ajalin musamman waanna Allaha bima taAAmaloona khabeerun | |||
Seest thou not that Allah merges Night into Day and he merges Day into Night; that He has subjected the sun, and the moon (to his Law), each running its course for a term appointed; and that Allah is well-acquainted with all that ye do?}} | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|39|5}}| خلق السماوات والارض بالحق يكور الليل على النهار ويكور النهار على الليل وسخر الشمس والقمر كل يجري لاجل مسمى الا هو العزيز الغفار | {{Quote|{{Quran|39|5}}| خلق السماوات والارض بالحق يكور الليل على النهار ويكور النهار على الليل وسخر الشمس والقمر كل يجري لاجل مسمى الا هو العزيز الغفار | ||
Khalaqa | Khalaqa alssamawati waal-arda bialhaqqi yukawwiru allayla AAala alnnahari wayukawwiru alnnahara AAala allayli wasakhkhara alshshamsa waalqamara kullun yajree li-ajalin musamman ala huwa alAAazeezu alghaffaru | ||
He created the heavens and the earth in true (proportions): He makes the Night overlap the Day, and the Day overlap the Night: He has subjected the sun and the moon (to His law): Each one follows a course for a time appointed. Is not He the Exalted in Power - He Who forgives again and again?}} | |||
Muslims sometimes claim "Merging here means that the night slowly and gradually changes to day and vice versa. This phenomenon can only take place if the earth is spherical. If the earth was flat, there would have been a sudden change from night to day and from day to night." | |||
This claim is false. The gradual shift from day to night and vice versa would still happen on a flat earth model. The only difference is that the flat earth model would be lit up at the same time, there would be no timezones just the same night and day for everyone. | |||
You can do the experiment yourself. All you need is a dark room, table and flashlight. Simply let the flashlight rise slowly above the edge of the table, just like a sunrise, and you will see a gradual shift from darkness to light. So verses 31:29, 39:5 and 22:61, tell us nothing of the earth's shape. They are merely observations that anyone can make. | |||
In addition, these verses erroneously refer to lightness and darkness as two different things. They are in fact the same thing. The Night does not "overlap" the Day because there is only light, and darkness is nothing but the absence of light. | |||
== Conclusion == | ==Conclusion== | ||
Shaykh Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baaz, the supreme religious authority of | Shaykh Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baaz, the supreme religious authority of Saudi Arabia, believes the earth is flat,<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/12/world/muslim-edicts-take-on-new-force.html|2=2011-11-30}} Muslim Edicts Take on New Force] - New York Times, February 12, 1995.</ref><ref>Sheikh Abdul Aziz Ben Baz (1395 AH [1974 AD]), ''"Evidence that the Earth is Standing Still"'', Islamic University of Medina, Saudi Arabia. First edition, p. 23.</ref> and so does Muslim Researcher on Astronomy Fadhel Al-Sa'd, who declared in a televised debate aired on [[Iraq|Iraqi]] Al-Fayhaa TV (October 31, 2007) that the Earth is flat as evidenced by Qur'anic verses and that the sun is much smaller than the Earth and revolves around it.<ref>[http://www.memritv.org/clip/en/1684.htm Iraqi Researcher Defies Scientific Axioms: The Earth Is Flat and Much Larger than the Sun (Which Is Also Flat)] - MEMRI TV, Video No. 1684</ref> | ||
As devout Muslims, they have good reason to conclude the Earth is flat; the Qur'anic verses 15:19, 20:53, 43:10, 50:7, 51:48, 71:19, 78:6, 79:30, 88:20 and 91:6 all clearly state this and not a single verse in the Qur'an hint to a spherical earth. | As devout Muslims, they have good reason to conclude the Earth is flat; the Qur'anic verses 15:19, 20:53, 43:10, 50:7, 51:48, 71:19, 78:6, 79:30, 88:20 and 91:6 all clearly state this and not a single verse in the Qur'an hint to a spherical earth. | ||
==See Also== | |||
== | |||
{{Hub4|Cosmology|Cosmology}} | {{Hub4|Cosmology|Cosmology}} | ||
{{Translation-links- | {{Translation-links-english|[[Le Coran et la Terre plate|French]]}} | ||
== | ==External Links== | ||
*[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Science/earth_egg.html Is the Earth Egg-Shaped?] ''- | *[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Science/earth_egg.html Is the Earth Egg-Shaped?] ''- Answering Islam'' | ||
*[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fislammonitor.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D1382%26Itemid%3D63&date=2011-03-26 <!-- http://islammonitor.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1382&Itemid=63 -->The Earth is Flat] - ''Islam Monitor'' | *[http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fislammonitor.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D1382%26Itemid%3D63&date=2011-03-26 <!-- http://islammonitor.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1382&Itemid=63 -->The Earth is Flat] - ''Islam Monitor'' | ||
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-watch.org/SujitDas/MuslimGenius.htm|2=2011-03-26}} A Tribute to a Muslim Genius (Sheik Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baaz)] ''- [[Islam Watch]]'' | *[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.islam-watch.org/SujitDas/MuslimGenius.htm|2=2011-03-26}} A Tribute to a Muslim Genius (Sheik Abdul-Aziz Ibn Baaz)] ''- [[Islam Watch]]'' | ||
== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|30em}} | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:O'zbekcha (Uzbek)]] |