Seznam vrazd narizenych nebo podporovanych Mohamedem: Difference between revisions
[unchecked revision] | [checked revision] |
m (removing categories so the sandbox does not show up) |
No edit summary |
||
(23 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
< | Použití vraždy k dosažení politických/náboženských cílů bylo historii Arábie a [[Islam| islámské]] expanze velmi důležité, přičemž samotné slovo "vrah" (anglicky "assassin")<ref>McCarthy, Kevin M., ''American Speech'', Volume 48, pp. 77–83</ref> má [[Arabic|arabské]] kořeny {{arabic|(حشّاشين). }} | ||
''' | |||
Tento seznam obsahuje výsledky a důvody cílených zabití a vražd, které byly nařízeny či podporovány prorokem [[Muhammad|Mohamedem]], stejně jako odkazy na primární prameny, jež se o těchto událostech zmiňují. | |||
==Seznam vražd== | |||
<BR><small><center>{{legend|#EEEEEE|Nařízeno Mohamedem|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} | |||
{{legend|#E3E3B6|Nenařízeno, ale podporováno Mohamedem|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#FFD4D4|Ženy a/nebo děti|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#B6B6E3|Odpadlíci|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<BR>{{legend|#FFF3D4|Důvody zahrnující psanou nebo mluvenou poezii|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#DEFFD4|Důvody zahrnující "dopuštění se urážky"|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#D4F4FF|Důvody zahrnující finanční zisk|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}</center></small><BR> | |||
=== | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" | ||
! width="10" |Číslo | |||
! width="280" |Jméno | |||
! width="130" |Datum | |||
! width="330" |Důvody pro nařízení nebo podporu vraždy | |||
! width="200" |Výsledek | |||
! width="230" |Významné primární prameny | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |1 | |||
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |'Asma' bint Marwan | |||
|Leden 624<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 130">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Zabití 'Asma' bint Marwan za odpor proti Mohamedovi prostřednictví poezie a za podněcování ostatních k jeho napadání<ref name="Sa'd 1967 35">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.}}</ref><ref name="Haddad">{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref><ref name="William Muir Elder and co 130">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Asma' bint Marwan zabita<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 130">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref><ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 210.</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 675-676.</ref> | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 35" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |2 | |||
|Abu 'Afak | |||
|Únor 624<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Zabití židovského básníka Abu Afaka za odpor proti Mohamedovi prostřednictví poezie<ref name="Haddad">{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676" /><ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref><ref>De Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Darussalam, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G7YA55Ih59oC&pg=PA433 A Biography of the Prophet of Islam (Vol 1 & 2)], p. 433.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Abu Afak zabit<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676" /><ref name="Haddad">{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 675.</ref> | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref>"''Then occurred the "sariyyah" of Salim Ibn Umayr al-Amri against Abu Afak, the Jew, in [the month of] Shawwal in the beginning of the twentieth month from the hijrah''" - Sa'd, Ibn (1967). ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2.]'' Pakistan Historical Society. p. 31.</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |3 | |||
|Al Nadr ibn al-Harith | |||
|Po bitvě o Badr<br>Březen 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274">Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274.</ref> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Dle Mubarakpuriho, Al Nadir byl dopaden v průběhu bitvy o Badr. Byl zjeven verš Koránu nařizující popravu Nadra bin Haritha, který byl jedním ze dvou vězňů, jež byli popraveni a jimž nebylo dovoleno, aby byli vykoupeni svými kmeny, protože se vysmívali a obtěžovali Mohameda a psali básně a příběhy, které ho kritizovaly<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274" /><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223">Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal, Ismaʼil R. Al-Faruqi, The life of Muḥammad: Volume 1976, Part 2, p. 223.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Nadr bin Harith sťat Alim<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274" /><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{Quran|83|13}}<ref name="Muhammad pp. 162-163">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 162-163.</ref> | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 162-163" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |4 | |||
|Uqba bin Abu Muayt | |||
|Po bitvě o Badr<br>Březen 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274" /> | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Uqba bin Abu Muayt byl zajat v bitvě o Badr a byl zabit namísto možnosti být vykoupen, protože hodil vnitřnosti mrtvých zvířat na Mohameda a obtočil své šaty kolem Mohamedova krku, když se modlil<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274" /><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref> | |||
| | |||
Uqba bin Abu Muayt sťat Asimem ibn Thabbitem nebo Alim<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274" /><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref> | |||
| | |||
*Sunan Abu Dawud č. 2680 (s komentářem od Awnula Mabuda 3/12)<ref>Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274 (footnote 1).</ref> | |||
*{{Bukhari|1|9|499}} | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 308.</ref> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 9, Poslední léta Proroka<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | |||
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=121}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |5 | |||
|Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf | |||
|Září 624<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref><ref> {{cite book | author = Montgomery Watt, W. | editor = P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia =Encyclopaedia of Islam Online| title = Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers | id = ISSN 1573-3912}}</ref><ref name="stillman13">{{cite book | first=Norman | last=Stillman | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | location=Philadelphia | year=1979 |page=13}} ISBN 0827601166 p. 13.</ref> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Dle Ibn Ishaqa, Mohamed přikázal svým následovníkům zabít Ka'ba, protože "přišel do Mekky po Badrovi a naváděl proti Mohamedovi. Rovněž sepsal verše, v nichž oplakával oběti Qurayshe, který byl zabit Badrem. Krátce poté se vrátil do Mediny a sepsal milostné verše urážlivého ražení o muslimských ženách".<ref>Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.</ref><ref name="online">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref> | |||
| | |||
Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf zavražděn<ref name="online" /> | |||
| | |||
*{{Bukhari|5|59|369}}, {{muslim|19|4436}} | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |6 | |||
|Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq | |||
|Prosinec 624<ref name="Hegira Volume 4 p 14">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14 | |||
</ref> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Zabití Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiqa pro zesměšňování Mohameda prostřednictvím poezie a za napomáhání jednotek Konfederace poskytováním peněz a zásob<ref name="webcitation.org">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60uzg0jSV online])</ref><ref name="Hegira Volume 4 p 14"></ref> | |||
| | |||
Abu Rafi zavražděn<ref name="webcitation.org" /><ref name="Hegira Volume 4 p 14"></ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{Bukhari|4|52|264}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|370}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|371}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|372}} a další<ref>{{citation|title=The Sealed Nectar|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|page=204}}</ref> | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 482. "THE KILLING OF SALLAM IBN ABU'L-HUQAYQ"</ref> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 7, Základy komunity<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=100}}</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |7 | |||
|Khalid ibn Sufyan | |||
|625<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref> | |||
|Zabití Khalid bin Sufyana, protože se objevily zprávy, jež Mohamed považoval za útok na Medinu a za podněcování lidu Nakhla nebo Uranah k boji proti muslimům<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187" /><ref name="first great general 126">{{citation|title=Muhammad, Islam's first great general|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA126|first=Richard A. |last=Gabriel |year=2008|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | |||
|isbn=9780806138602|page=126}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Khalid ibn Sufyan zavražděn<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187" /><ref name="first great general 126"></ref> | |||
| | |||
*Musnad Ahmad 3:496<ref>[http://www.sunnah.org/ibadaat/tawassul_3.htm Sunnah.org], says Ahmad 3:496, al-Waqidi 2:533, [http://archive.is/hqM8x archive]</ref> | |||
*Abu Dawud, kniha 2 č.1244<ref>[http://www.hadithcollection.com/abudawud/234-Abu%20Dawud%20Book%2002.%20Prayer/15945-abu-dawud-book-002-hadith-number-1244.html Abu Dawud 2:1244], hadithcollection.com [http://www.webcitation.org/608IxocVe (archive)]</ref> | |||
*Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187" /> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 9, Poslední roky Proroka<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | |||
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=121}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=klAKAQAAMAAJ&q|authors=Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr|year=2000|publisher=Garnet|isbn=978-1859640098|page=190}} </ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |8 | |||
|Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahi | |||
|Březen 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=34|quote=The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | |||
|Poprava Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahiho, protože byl válečným zajatcem při invazi do Hamra al-Asad, kterého Mohamed jednou propustil, ale který se proti němu znovu postavil<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 183">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 183. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v0RdHwu online])</ref><ref name="Tabari 2008 141–142">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|pages=141–142}} pp. 141-142</ref> | |||
| | |||
Abu 'Azzah sťat Alim<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 183" /><ref name="Tabari 2008 141–142" /> | |||
| | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 7, Základy komunity<ref name="Tabari 2008 141–142" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |9 | |||
|Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah | |||
|Březen 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina" /> | |||
|Zabití Muawiyaha bin Al Mugheeraha, protože byl Mohamedem obviněn, že byl špionem. Jel za Uthmanem (svým bratrancem), aby nalezl přístřeší a Uthman mu nakonec pomohl s návratem do Mekky, ale předtím zůstal příliš dlouho v Medině. Poté, co Mohamed uslyšel, že je stále v Medině, nařídil jeho vraždu<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 183" /><ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 390.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah dopaden a popraven<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 183" /><ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 755-756 (footnotes).</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |10 | |||
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Al-Harith bin Suwayd al-Ansari | |||
|Březen 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina" /> | |||
|Zabití Al-Haritha bin Suwayda protože dle islámské tradice Allah zjevil verš 3:86 Koránu, který stanovil, že ti, kteří přijali Islám, ale odvrátili se od něho, mají být zabiti. Al-Harith bin Suwayd byl muslim, který bojoval v bitvě o Uhud a zabil několik jiných muslimů, poté se přidal ke Quraysh a opustil islám. Al-Harith poslal svého bratra, aby prosil Mohameda o odpuštění. Muhammad mu dovolil se vrátit, ale poté se rozhodl, že ho zabije.<ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756" /><ref name="A. Rahman pp. 25-26">S. A. Rahman, Punishment of Apostasy in Islam, pp. 25-26.</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">Asbab al-nuzul by al-Wahidi, Commentary of Quran 3:86, ([http://www.webcitation.org/61Bnjklqy online])</ref><ref>De Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Darussalam, [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G7YA55Ih59oC&pg=PA433 A Biography of the Prophet of Islam (Vol 1 & 2)], p. 433.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Al-Harith bin Suwayd sťat Uthmanem<ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756" /><ref name="A. Rahman pp. 25-26" /><ref name="ReferenceA" /> | |||
| | |||
*{{Quran|3|86}}<ref name="A. Rahman pp. 25-26" /><ref name="ReferenceA" /> | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 755-756" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |11 | |||
|Abu Sufyan | |||
|627<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242">{{cite book|last=Abū Khalīl|first=Shawqī |title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA242 Atlas of the Quran]|publisher= Dar-us-Salam|year=2003|isbn=978-9960897547|page=242}}</ref> | |||
|Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri byl poslán, aby zabil Abu Sufyana (vůdce Quraysh)<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211" /> | |||
| | |||
3 polyteisté zabiti muslimy<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211" /> | |||
| | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 7, Základy komunity<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=147}}</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |12 | |||
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Kmen Banu Qurayza | |||
|Únor-březen 627<ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| authors=William Muir|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Napadení kmene Banu Qurayza, protože dle muslimské tradice to bylo přikázáno archandělem Gabrielem.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201-205. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wWxNMpU online])</ref><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21">{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA213| authors=Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |page=213|isbn= 9781861796110}}([http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=33&tid=41539 online])</ref><ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 461-464.</ref><ref name="Peters223">Peters, ''Muhammad and the Origins of Islam'', p. 222-224.</ref><ref name="Stillman140">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.</ref><ref name="Inamdar">{{citation|title=Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q|authors=Subhash C. Inamdar|year=2001|publisher=Psychosocial Press|isbn=1887841288|page=166 (footnotes)}}</ref> Jeden z Mohamedových následovníků rozhodl, že "muži musí být zabiti, jejich majetek rozdělen a jejich ženy a děti budou vzaty do zajetí". Mohamed rozhodnutí schválil, přičemž jej označil za boží rozsudek, <ref name="Peters223" /><ref name="Stillman140" /><ref name="Oxford University Press">{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah)|author= Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator)|isbn= 978-0-19-636033-1 |year=2002|publisher= Oxford University Press|pages=461–464}} pp. 461–464.</ref><ref name="Adil">Adil, ''Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam'', p. 395f.</ref><ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet| url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author= William Muir|publisher=Kessinger Publishing| year=2003| isbn=9780766177413|page=329}}</ref> na jehož základě pak byli všichni mužští členové kmene sťati poté, co dosáhli zletilosti<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21" /><ref name="Kister 1990 p. 54">Kister (1990), Society and religion from Jāhiliyya to Islam, p. 54.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Muslimové: 2 zabiti<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205" /><BR>Ne-muslimové: | |||
#600-900 sťato (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)<br><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205" /><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21" /><ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504 | |||
|pages=35–36}} pp. 35–36</ref> | |||
#Všichni muži a jedna žena zabita <br>(Hadith)<ref>{{abudawud|14|2665}}</ref><ref>{{Bukhari|4|52|280}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{quran|33|26}},<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21" /> Qur'an 33:09 & 33:10<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA194| authors=Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |page=213|isbn= 9781861796110}} ([http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=33&tid=41359 online])</ref><ref>Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.</ref> | |||
*{{abudawud|38|4390}} | |||
*{{Bukhari|4|52|68}}, {{Bukhari|4|57|66}} a další | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 8, Vítězství Islámu<ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504|pages=35–36}} pp. 35–36.</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |13 | |||
|Abdullah ibn Ubayy | |||
|Prosinec 627<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242" /><br>(v průběhu invaze do Banu Mustaliq<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 208-210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref> ) | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Zabití Abdullaha ibn Ubayho, který byl Mohamedem obviněn z pomlouvání jeho rodiny rozšiřováním řečí o Aishae (jeho ženě).<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 18 (Part 18): Al-Muminum 1 to Al-Furqan 20 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathīr, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UXIMSE5E-soC&pg=PA77|year=2009|publisher=MSA Publication Limited | |||
|isbn=9781861797223|page=77}} </ref> Jeho syn mu nabídl, že mu setne hlavu<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 209-210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Life of Mohammed|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover| first=Hussain|last=Haykal|year=1994|publisher=Islamic Book Trust | |||
|isbn=978-8187746461|page=354}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Mohamed vraždu odvolal a řekl Umarovi "Pokud bych jej (Abdullaha bin Ubaiho) dal zabít, všichni hodnostáři by za něj brzo začali zuřivě bojovat"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 210">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref> Později vyjevil verš Koránu zakazující muslimům účastnit se pohřbů nevěřících a "pokrytců"<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA490|page=490}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 10 (Part 10): Al-Anfal 41 To At-Tauba 92|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9PL5jJ_ZOI0C&pg=PA221|first=Muhammad Saed | last=Rahman |year=2008 | publisher=MSA publication limited | isbn=9781861795786|page=221}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{Bukhari|5|59|462}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|462}} | |||
*Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 210" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |14 | |||
|Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam | |||
|Únor 628<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242" /> | |||
|Zabití Al-Yusayra ibn Rizama, protože Mohamed zaslechl, že jeho skupina připravovala útok proti němu<ref name="William Muir p. 17">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 17</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y5XJmQz online])</ref> | |||
| | |||
30 lidí zabito muslimy<ref name="William Muir p. 17" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241" /> | |||
| | |||
*Tirmidhi č. 3923<ref>[http://www.box.net/shared/xvsxnaj7el Tirmidhi (Partial translation)], see no. 3923, p. 182.</ref> | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>{{cite book|authors=Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=665|quote=Abdullah b. Rawaha's raid to kill al-Yusayr b. Rizam}}</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |15 | |||
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Osm můžu z 'Ukilu | |||
|Únor 628<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242" /> | |||
|Zabití osmi mužů, kteří konvertovali k Islámu, ale pak se jej vzdali, zabili jednoho muslima a uprchli na Mohamedových velbloudech<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19">William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 18-19.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Muslimové: 1 zabit<BR>Ne-muslimové: 8 mučeno a popraveno<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19" /><ref>{{Bukhari|1|4|234}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{Quran-range|5|33|39}}<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19" /><ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZmSQPIkTyN0C&pg=PA392 Tafsir ibn Kathir, Surai Madiah 5:39, "The Punishment of those who cause mischief in the Land"], and [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=5&tid=13751 Tafsir ibn Kathir, 5:39, Text version]</ref> | |||
*{{Bukhari|1|4|234}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|505}}, {{Bukhari|7|71|623}} a další | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |16 | |||
|Rifa’ah bin Qays | |||
|629<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | |||
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=123}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y5XJmQz online])</ref> | |||
|Zabití Rifa’aha bin Qayse, protože Mohamed zaslechl, že údajně sváděl lid Qais, aby proti němu bojoval<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242" /> | |||
| | |||
1 sťat,<ref name="Muhammad pp. 671-672">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 671-672.</ref> 4 ženy zajaty muslimy<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504 | |||
|page=151}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 671-672" /> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 8, Historie Islámu<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |17 | |||
|Abdullah bin Khatal | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333">{{citation|title=Muhammad: a prophet for all humanity|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=k8xyO3fQkccC&pg=PT327 | |||
| first=Maulana |last=Wahid Khan|year=2002|publisher=Goodword |pages=327–333}} pp. 327–333</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Bukhari|5|59|582}}</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 254.</ref> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Zabití Abdullaha bin Khatala pro zabití otroka a útěk, a také za recitování veršů urážejících proroka Mohameda<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="ReferenceB" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254" /> | |||
| | |||
2 muslimové ho zabili poté, co jej našli, jak se skrývá za záclonami Ka'aba<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="ReferenceB" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254" /> | |||
| | |||
*{{Bukhari|5|59|582}}, {{Bukhari|3|29|72}} | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 551.</ref> | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=174}}</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |18 | |||
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Fartana | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Hussain Haykal p. 440">Hussain Haykal, The Life of Mohammed, p. 440.</ref> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Zabití Fartany (otrokyně Abdullaha ibn Khatala), protože recitovala verše urážející proroka Mohameda<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254" /> | |||
| | |||
Fartana je zavražděna<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254" /><ref name="Hussain Haykal p. 440" /> | |||
| | |||
*{{abudawud|14|2678}} | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 550.</ref> | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |19 | |||
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Quraybah | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Zabití Quraybah (otrokyně Abdullaha ibn Khatala), protože recitovala verše urážející proroka Mohameda<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
Quraybah konvertovala k Islámu a byla omilostněna<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Sa'd 1967 174" /> | |||
| | |||
*{{abudawud|14|2678}} | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550" /> | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |20 | |||
|Huwayrith ibn Nafidh | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Když Mohamedovy dcery utíkaly z Mediny, bodnul jejich velbloudy a způsobil jim zranění. Byl to básník, který "zostouzel a nadával" na Islám<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254" /><ref name="A. Rahman p. 68">S. A. Rahman, Punishment of Apostasy in Islam, p. 68.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Huwayrith ibn Nafidh zabit<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254" /><ref name="A. Rahman p. 68" /> Alim<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |21 | |||
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Miqyas ibn Subabah | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
|Miqyas zabil muslima, který náhodou zabil jeho bratra a poté uprchl do Mekky, kde se stal odpadlíkem vzýváním polyteismu<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254" /><ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /><ref name="A. Rahman p. 68" /> | |||
| | |||
Miqyas zabit<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254" /><ref name="A. Rahman p. 68" /> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |22 | |||
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Sarah | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Zabití Sarah, protože Mohamed tvrdil, že jej obtěžovala, když byl v Mece<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
| | |||
Vzájemně si odporující záznamy: | |||
=== | #Ibn Ishaq uvádí, že přijímala Islám, ale že byla zabita později za éry Umara<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | ||
#Tabari uvádí, že byla zavražděna<ref name="books.google.com">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504 | |||
|page=79}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 8, Historie Islámu<ref name="books.google.com" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |23 | |||
|Harith ibn Hisham | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
|Zabití Haritha ibn Hishama, důvod neznámý<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
| | |||
Podle Ibn Sa'da, Zubayra ibn Abi Umayyaha a Haritha ibn Hishama hledal spolu s dalším mužem úkryt v obydlí muslimského příbuzného, který žádal Mohameda o milost. Ten je oba omilostnil za podmínky, že přistoupí k Islámu<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Sa'd 1967 179">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=179}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 179" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |24 | |||
|Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
|Zabití Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah, důvod neznámý<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
| | |||
Viz výše <ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |25 | |||
|Habbar Ibn al-Aswad bin Ka`b al-`Ansi | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Zabití Habbara ibn al-Aswada, protože byl lhářem<ref name="The last years of the Prophet">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | |||
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=167}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">{{Bukhari|5|59|662}}</ref>, který tvrdil, že je prorokem<ref name="The last years of the Prophet" /> | |||
| | |||
Habbar ibn al-Aswad zabit<ref name="The last years of the Prophet" /><ref name="ReferenceC" /> | |||
| | |||
*{{Bukhari|5|59|662}}, {{Bukhari|4|56|817}} | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 9, Poslední roky proroka<ref name="The last years of the Prophet">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | |||
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=167}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref> | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=168}}</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |26 | |||
|Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Zabití Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahla, protože byl nepřátelský k Mohamedovi, stejně jako jeho otec Abu Jahl<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
| | |||
Odporující si záznamy | |||
#Ibn Ishaq uvádí, že jeho žena "se stala muslimkou a požádala o milost pro něho, a že učedník mu milost udělil"<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
#Tabari uvádí, že byl "eliminován"<ref name="http">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504 | |||
|page=180}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551" /> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 8, Historie Islámu<ref name="http" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |27 | |||
|Wahshi ibn Harb | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
|Zabití Wahshiho ibn Harba, za zabití Mohamedova strýce v průběhu bitvy o Uhud<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
Wahshi ibn Harb byl Mohamedem omilostněn, poté, co požádal o odpuštění a nabídl, že konvertuje k Islámu<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Ibn Sa'd p. 179">Ibn Sa'd, Syed Moinul Haq (translator), Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2, p. 179.</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref name="Ibn Sa'd p. 179" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |28 | |||
|Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Vražda Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama pro psaní satirických básní o Mohamedovi<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref>M. Th. Houtsma, E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913-1936, p. 584.</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 287">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 287.</ref><ref name="Muhammad p. 597">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 597.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Ibn Ishaq uvádí, že Mohamed řekl "Nechte ho být, stal se kajícným muslimem, jež odmítá svou minulost.", na základě čehož byl omilostněn<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 287" /><ref name="Muhammad p. 597" /> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 597" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |29 | |||
|Al-Harith bin al-Talatil | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Za posmívání se Mohamedovi prostřednictvím poezie<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
Al-Harith bin al-Talatil byl zabit Alim<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /><ref name="Umar Ibn Kathīr p. 57">Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Trevor Le Gassick (translator), The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, p. 57.</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Umar Ibn Kathīr p. 57" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |30 | |||
|Abdullah ibn Zib'ari | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Zabití Abdullaha ibn Zib'ariho, za psaní urážlivých básní o Mohamedovi<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
Abdullah ibn Zib'ari činil pokání a konvertoval k Islámu, takže byl Mohamedem omilostněn <ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |31 | |||
|Hubayrah | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Zabití Hubayraha, za posmívání se Mohamedovi prostřednictvím poezie<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
Tabari, Vydání 39 uvádí, že Hubayrah "utekl pryč poté, co byla Mekka dobyta, a zemřel v Najranu jako zrádce"<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 39, Životopisy prorokových následovníků a jejich nástupců<ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=czSP046th6IC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron|year=1998|publisher=State University of New York Press | |||
|isbn=0791428192|page=196 (footnote 852)}}</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |32 | |||
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Hind bint Utbah | |||
|V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky<br>(leden 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
|Zabití Hind bint Utbah (žena Abu Sufyana) za utnutí ucha Mohamedova strýce Hamza, poté, co zemřel, v průběhu bitvy o Uhud<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
Tabari uvádí, že Hind "slíbila věrnost a stala se muslimkou,"<ref name="Tabari, Michael Fishbein p. 181">Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, p. 181.</ref> načež byla omilostněna Mohamedem<ref name="Wahid 327-333" /> | |||
| | |||
*{{abudawud|33|4153}} | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 8, Historie Islámu<ref name="Tabari, Michael Fishbein p. 181" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" |33 | |||
|Amr ibn Jihash (konvertita k Islámu)<ref name="Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman p. 44">Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 28 (Part 28): Al-Mujadila 1 to At-Tahrim 12 2nd Edition, p. 44. ([http://www.webcitation.org/61AAwJ3bW online])</ref> | |||
|V průběhu invaze v Banu Nadir<ref name="Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman p. 44" /><br> (srpen 625)<ref>Tabari, The foundation of the community, p.161.</ref> | |||
|Dle Ibn Kathira a Ibn Ishaqa, Mohamed řekl Yamin bim Umayrovi, o Amr ibn Jashovi "Viděl jsi způsob, jaký se ke mně tvůj bratranec choval a co mi nabízel?"<ref name="Muhammad p. 438">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 438.</ref><ref name="Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman p. 44"></ref> Mohamed ho obvinil z úmyslu jej zabít<ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 28 (Part 28): Al-Mujadila 1 to At-Tahrim 12 2nd Edition, p. 43. ([http://www.webcitation.org/61AAwJ3bW online])</ref> | |||
| | |||
Amr ibn Jihash byl zavražděn poté, co muslim nabídl odměnu za jeho vraždu<ref name="Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman p. 44"></ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 438" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |34 | |||
|Král či princ Dumatul Jandal | |||
|Říjen 630<ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref> | |||
| style="background: #D4F4FF;" |Napadení velitele Dumy pro Jizyah a kořist<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press | |||
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=58–59}} pp. 58–59. ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.</ref> | |||
| | |||
1 zabit, 2 vzati do zajetí<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{abudawud|19|3031}} | |||
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=205}}</ref> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 9, Poslední roky proroka<ref name="books.google.co.uk" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |35 | |||
|Umaiya bin Khalaf Abi Safwan | |||
|Neznámé | |||
|Zabití Umaiya bin Khalafa, Mohamedův důvod je neznámý.<ref name="The life and times of Muhammad">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|page=187}}. ISBN 9781568331126</ref> Ale Bilal jej chtěl zabít za to, že ho mučil<ref name="Haykal, Ismaʼil R 1976, p. 229">"''This Umayyah was Bilal's previous master who used to torture him by forcing him down to the ground''" - Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal, Ismaʼil R. Al-Faruqi, The life of Muḥammad: Volume 1976, Part 2, p. 229.</ref> | |||
| | |||
Umaiya bin Khalaf zabit Bilalem<ref name="The life and times of Muhammad" /><ref name="Haykal, Ismaʼil R 1976, p. 229" /> | |||
| | |||
*{{Bukhari|4|56|826}} | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" |36 | |||
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Žena/konkubína slepého muže (muslima) | |||
|Neznámé | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Mohamed podporoval tuto vraždu, protože zmíněná žena jej urazila<ref name="617AvlDgL">[http://www.webcitation.org/617AvlDgL Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)], Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4348">{{Abudawud|38|4348}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Slepý muslim svou ženu/konkubínu zabil<ref name="617AvlDgL">[http://www.webcitation.org/617AvlDgL Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)], Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4348">{{abudawud|38|4348}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{abudawud|38|4348}} | |||
*Sunan al-Nasai č. 4081 | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |37 | |||
|Ibn Sunayna | |||
|Neznámé | |||
|Mohamed údajně přikázal svým následovníkům, aby "zabili každého žida, který se dostane do jejich moci," Muhayissa to slyšel a vydal se zabít Ibn Sunaynaa (žida)<ref name="Jewish Publication Society">{{cite book|author=Norman A. Stillman|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC&pg=PA128|title=The Jews of Arab lands: a history and source book|year=2003|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|page=128}} ISBN 9780827601987</ref><ref name="Sir John Bagot Glubb">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|page=199}} ISBN 9781568331126</ref> | |||
| | |||
Ibn Sunayna zabit Muhayissaem<ref name="Jewish Publication Society" /><ref name="Sir John Bagot Glubb">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|9781568331126|page=199}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{abudawud|19|2996}} | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 369.</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |38 | |||
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad | |||
|Neznámé | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Zabití Abdullaha ibn Sa‘ada, protože se stal odpadlíkem (opustil islám) a utekl do Mekky. Rovněž prohlašoval, že to byl on, kdo napsal Korán a začal se posmívat Mohamedovi, což ho rozezlilo<ref name="Sir. William 1861 131">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA131 |first=Muir| last=Sir. William|year=1861 | publisher=Abe books|page=131}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Nedorozumění vedlo k jeho omilostnění. Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad byl předveden před Mohameda a nabídl mu svou loajalitu, Mohamed pozvedl svou ruku, aby dal najevo, že jeho následovníci ho mají zabít, ale muslimové gesto pochopili tak, že jej mají ušetřit.<ref name="Sir. William 1861 131" />On řekl "Což pak by se mezi Vámi nenašel moudrý muž, který by se proti němu postavil, když viděl, že jsem nepozvedl svou ruku, abych přijal jeho věrnost, a zabil ho ?"<ref>{{abudawud|38|4346}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{abudawud|38|4346}} | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" |39 | |||
|Ibn an-Nawwahah | |||
|Neznámé | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Dle Ibn Kathira, Mohamed jednou řekl o Ibn an-Nawwahahovi "Setnul bych ti hlavu, kdyby neplatilo, že vyslanci nemají být zabíjeni" protože prohlašoval, že Musaylimah byl prorokem, načež Abdullah ibn Masud zabil Ibn an-Nawwahaha poté, co přestal být vyslancem<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 379">Shaykh Safiur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī, Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4, p. 379. ([http://www.webcitation.org/619xF7mgV online])</ref><ref name="abudawud 14 2756">{{abudawud|14|2756}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Abdullah ibn Masud sťal Ibn an-Nawwahahem<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 379" /><ref name="abudawud 14 2756">{{abudawud|14|2756}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{abudawud|14|2756}} | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 10, Dobytí Arábie<ref>{{citation|title=The conquest of Arabia|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VA5Uke7IpHkC&pg=PA16|first=Al|last=Tabari|year=1993|publisher=State University of New York Press | |||
|isbn=978-0791410714|page=107}}</ref> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" |40 | |||
|Slepý žid | |||
|Neznámé | |||
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Mohamedovi následovníci zabíjejí žida za to, že hodil prach do jeho obličeje<ref name="Sita Ram Goel p. 104">Sita Ram Goel, India. High Court (Calcutta, India), The Calcutta Quran petition, ISBN 8185990581, p. 104.</ref><ref name="Tabari 2008 112">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=112}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Slepý žid zabit Sa'd ibn Zaydem<ref name="Sita Ram Goel p. 104" /><ref name="Tabari 2008 112" /> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 372.</ref> | |||
*Tabari, Vydání 7, Základy komunity<ref name="Tabari 2008 112" /> | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |41 | |||
|Bezejmenný špion | |||
|Neznámé | |||
|Zabití muže, kterého Mohamed podezříval, že je špion<ref name="The Middle East p. 423">The Middle East: Abstracts and index, Part 1, p. 423.</ref><ref name="Bukhari 4 52 286">{{Bukhari|4|52|286}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Salama bin Al-Akwa pronásleduje a zabíjí podezřelého špiona<ref name="The Middle East p. 423" /><ref name="Bukhari 4 52 286">{{Bukhari|4|52|286}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{Bukhari|4|52|286}} | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |42 | |||
|Muž z kmene Aslam | |||
|Neznámé | |||
|Zabití muže z kmene Aslam za nevěru<ref name="Nabil A. Haroun p. 9">Dr. Nabil A. Haroun, Islamic Books, ISBN 9773161277, Teach Yourself Islam, p. 9.</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4414">{{Abudawud|38|4414}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
Muž z kmene Aslam ukamenován k smrti<ref name="Nabil A. Haroun p. 9" /><ref name="Abudawud 38 4414">{{Abudawud|38|4414}}</ref> | |||
| | |||
*{{Abudawud|38|4414}} | |||
|-<!-- New row starts here --> | |||
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |43 | |||
|Kinana ibn al-Rabi | |||
|Červenec 628<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 755, 763.</ref> | |||
| style="background: #D4F4FF;" |Mučení Kinana ibn al-Rabiho za účelem objevení skrýše údajného pokladu<ref name="Mubarakpuri 1996 p. 372">Mubarakpuri (1996), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 372.</ref><ref name="Watt W Montgomery 218">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=218}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | |||
| | |||
Kinana ibn al-Rabi sťat<ref name="Mubarakpuri 1996 p. 372" /><ref name="Watt W Montgomery 218">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=218}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref> | |||
| | |||
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). 1956. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 145-146.</ref> | |||
|}<BR><BR> | |||
== | ==Navazující články== | ||
*[[Clanky v ceskem jazyce - Articles in Czech|Články v českém jazyce (Articles in Czech)]] | |||
<!-- {{Hub4|Lists|Lists}} | |||
{{Hub4|Muhammad|Muhammad}} --> | |||
{{Template:Translation-links-czech|[[List_of_Killings_Ordered_or_Supported_by_Muhammad|Anglicky]], [[Списък с убийствата, заповядани или подкрепени от Мухаммад|Bulharština]], [[Lista di Uccisioni Ordinati o Sotenuti da Maometto|Italština]], [[Lista_de_asesinatos_ordenados_o_apoyados_por_Mahoma|Španělština]]}} | |||
== | ==Externí odkazy== | ||
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/misc/alshifa/pt4ch1sec2.htm|2=2012-08-25}} The proof of the necessity of killing anyone who curses the Prophet or finds fault with him] ''- Muslim website'' | |||
*[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.reddit.com/r/exmuslim/comments/tql65/full_rejoinder_to_balqis_rebuttal_of_wikiislam/|2=2012-09-10}} Full rejoinder to Balqis' rebuttal of WikiIslam Assassination List] ''- r/exmuslim user responds to objections raised by apologists'' | |||
== | ==Hlavní prameny== | ||
{{ | {{refbegin}} | ||
* {{citation|title=When the Moon Split|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xJL6gxPUV4EC&pg=PA147| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri |year=2002|publisher=DarusSalam|isbn=978-9960-897-28-8}} | |||
*{{ | * {{citation|title=The Sealed Nectar|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications}}. Note: This is the free version available on Google Books | ||
*{{ | * {{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA244 | first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960-899-55-8 }} | ||
*{{ | * {{cite book|last=Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb|first=Imam|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press}} | ||
*{{ | * {{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960-897-71-4}} | ||
*{{ | * {{citation|title= The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover| first=William|last=Muir|year=1861|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co}} | ||
*{{citation|title=The Life of Mohammed|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover| first=Hussain|last=Haykal|year=1994|publisher=Islamic Book Trust | |||
|isbn=978-8187746461}} | |||
*{{citation|title=Muhammad, Islams first general|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA198| first=Richard A. |last=Gabriel |year=2008|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press | |||
|isbn=9780806138602}} | |||
*{{cite book|last=Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb|first=Imam|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam publishers Ltd|isbn=978-9960897189}} | |||
*{{cite book|last=Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq|first=Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press}} | |||
{{refend}} | |||
* | |||
== | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
* | |||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
{{Reflist|30em}} | {{Reflist|30em}} | ||
[[Category:Mohamed]] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Česky (Czech)]] | ||
{{page_title|Seznam vražd nařízených nebo podporovaných Mohamedem}} | |||
Latest revision as of 19:36, 7 March 2021
Použití vraždy k dosažení politických/náboženských cílů bylo historii Arábie a islámské expanze velmi důležité, přičemž samotné slovo "vrah" (anglicky "assassin")[1] má arabské kořeny (حشّاشين).
Tento seznam obsahuje výsledky a důvody cílených zabití a vražd, které byly nařízeny či podporovány prorokem Mohamedem, stejně jako odkazy na primární prameny, jež se o těchto událostech zmiňují.
Seznam vražd
Důvody zahrnující psanou nebo mluvenou poezii Důvody zahrnující "dopuštění se urážky" Důvody zahrnující finanční zisk
Číslo | Jméno | Datum | Důvody pro nařízení nebo podporu vraždy | Výsledek | Významné primární prameny |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 'Asma' bint Marwan | Leden 624[2] | Zabití 'Asma' bint Marwan za odpor proti Mohamedovi prostřednictví poezie a za podněcování ostatních k jeho napadání[3][4][2] | ||
2 | Abu 'Afak | Únor 624[7] | Zabití židovského básníka Abu Afaka za odpor proti Mohamedovi prostřednictví poezie[4][6][7][8] | ||
3 | Al Nadr ibn al-Harith | Po bitvě o Badr Březen 624[11] |
Dle Mubarakpuriho, Al Nadir byl dopaden v průběhu bitvy o Badr. Byl zjeven verš Koránu nařizující popravu Nadra bin Haritha, který byl jedním ze dvou vězňů, jež byli popraveni a jimž nebylo dovoleno, aby byli vykoupeni svými kmeny, protože se vysmívali a obtěžovali Mohameda a psali básně a příběhy, které ho kritizovaly[11][12] |
| |
4 | Uqba bin Abu Muayt | Po bitvě o Badr Březen 624[11] |
Uqba bin Abu Muayt byl zajat v bitvě o Badr a byl zabit namísto možnosti být vykoupen, protože hodil vnitřnosti mrtvých zvířat na Mohameda a obtočil své šaty kolem Mohamedova krku, když se modlil[11][12] |
Uqba bin Abu Muayt sťat Asimem ibn Thabbitem nebo Alim[11][12] |
|
5 | Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf | Září 624[17][18][19] | Dle Ibn Ishaqa, Mohamed přikázal svým následovníkům zabít Ka'ba, protože "přišel do Mekky po Badrovi a naváděl proti Mohamedovi. Rovněž sepsal verše, v nichž oplakával oběti Qurayshe, který byl zabit Badrem. Krátce poté se vrátil do Mediny a sepsal milostné verše urážlivého ražení o muslimských ženách".[20][21] |
Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf zavražděn[21] |
|
6 | Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq | Prosinec 624[22] | Zabití Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiqa pro zesměšňování Mohameda prostřednictvím poezie a za napomáhání jednotek Konfederace poskytováním peněz a zásob[23][22] |
| |
7 | Khalid ibn Sufyan | 625[27] | Zabití Khalid bin Sufyana, protože se objevily zprávy, jež Mohamed považoval za útok na Medinu a za podněcování lidu Nakhla nebo Uranah k boji proti muslimům[27][28] | ||
8 | Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahi | Březen 625[33] | Poprava Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahiho, protože byl válečným zajatcem při invazi do Hamra al-Asad, kterého Mohamed jednou propustil, ale který se proti němu znovu postavil[34][35] |
| |
9 | Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah | Březen 625[33] | Zabití Muawiyaha bin Al Mugheeraha, protože byl Mohamedem obviněn, že byl špionem. Jel za Uthmanem (svým bratrancem), aby nalezl přístřeší a Uthman mu nakonec pomohl s návratem do Mekky, ale předtím zůstal příliš dlouho v Medině. Poté, co Mohamed uslyšel, že je stále v Medině, nařídil jeho vraždu[34][36] |
| |
10 | Al-Harith bin Suwayd al-Ansari | Březen 625[33] | Zabití Al-Haritha bin Suwayda protože dle islámské tradice Allah zjevil verš 3:86 Koránu, který stanovil, že ti, kteří přijali Islám, ale odvrátili se od něho, mají být zabiti. Al-Harith bin Suwayd byl muslim, který bojoval v bitvě o Uhud a zabil několik jiných muslimů, poté se přidal ke Quraysh a opustil islám. Al-Harith poslal svého bratra, aby prosil Mohameda o odpuštění. Muhammad mu dovolil se vrátit, ale poté se rozhodl, že ho zabije.[37][38][39][40] |
| |
11 | Abu Sufyan | 627[41] | Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri byl poslán, aby zabil Abu Sufyana (vůdce Quraysh)[42][42] |
3 polyteisté zabiti muslimy[42] |
|
12 | Kmen Banu Qurayza | Únor-březen 627[44] |
Napadení kmene Banu Qurayza, protože dle muslimské tradice to bylo přikázáno archandělem Gabrielem.[45][46][47][48][49][50] Jeden z Mohamedových následovníků rozhodl, že "muži musí být zabiti, jejich majetek rozdělen a jejich ženy a děti budou vzaty do zajetí". Mohamed rozhodnutí schválil, přičemž jej označil za boží rozsudek, [48][49][51][52][53] na jehož základě pak byli všichni mužští členové kmene sťati poté, co dosáhli zletilosti[46][54] |
Muslimové: 2 zabiti[45] |
|
13 | Abdullah ibn Ubayy | Prosinec 627[41] (v průběhu invaze do Banu Mustaliq[61] ) |
Zabití Abdullaha ibn Ubayho, který byl Mohamedem obviněn z pomlouvání jeho rodiny rozšiřováním řečí o Aishae (jeho ženě).[62] Jeho syn mu nabídl, že mu setne hlavu[63][64] |
Mohamed vraždu odvolal a řekl Umarovi "Pokud bych jej (Abdullaha bin Ubaiho) dal zabít, všichni hodnostáři by za něj brzo začali zuřivě bojovat"[65] Později vyjevil verš Koránu zakazující muslimům účastnit se pohřbů nevěřících a "pokrytců"[66][67] |
|
14 | Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam | Únor 628[41] | Zabití Al-Yusayra ibn Rizama, protože Mohamed zaslechl, že jeho skupina připravovala útok proti němu[68][69] | ||
15 | Osm můžu z 'Ukilu | Únor 628[41] | Zabití osmi mužů, kteří konvertovali k Islámu, ale pak se jej vzdali, zabili jednoho muslima a uprchli na Mohamedových velbloudech[72] |
Muslimové: 1 zabit |
|
16 | Rifa’ah bin Qays | 629[75][76] | Zabití Rifa’aha bin Qayse, protože Mohamed zaslechl, že údajně sváděl lid Qais, aby proti němu bojoval[76] | ||
17 | Abdullah bin Khatal | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (Jan 630)[79][80][81] |
Zabití Abdullaha bin Khatala pro zabití otroka a útěk, a také za recitování veršů urážejících proroka Mohameda[79][80][81] |
2 muslimové ho zabili poté, co jej našli, jak se skrývá za záclonami Ka'aba[79][80][81] |
|
18 | Fartana | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79][84] |
Zabití Fartany (otrokyně Abdullaha ibn Khatala), protože recitovala verše urážející proroka Mohameda[79][81] |
| |
19 | Quraybah | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Quraybah (otrokyně Abdullaha ibn Khatala), protože recitovala verše urážející proroka Mohameda[79] |
| |
20 | Huwayrith ibn Nafidh | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Když Mohamedovy dcery utíkaly z Mediny, bodnul jejich velbloudy a způsobil jim zranění. Byl to básník, který "zostouzel a nadával" na Islám[79][81][86] |
| |
21 | Miqyas ibn Subabah | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Miqyas zabil muslima, který náhodou zabil jeho bratra a poté uprchl do Mekky, kde se stal odpadlíkem vzýváním polyteismu[79][81][82][86] |
| |
22 | Sarah | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Sarah, protože Mohamed tvrdil, že jej obtěžovala, když byl v Mece[79][82] |
Vzájemně si odporující záznamy: |
|
23 | Harith ibn Hisham | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Haritha ibn Hishama, důvod neznámý[79][82] |
Podle Ibn Sa'da, Zubayra ibn Abi Umayyaha a Haritha ibn Hishama hledal spolu s dalším mužem úkryt v obydlí muslimského příbuzného, který žádal Mohameda o milost. Ten je oba omilostnil za podmínky, že přistoupí k Islámu[79][88] |
|
24 | Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah, důvod neznámý[79][82] |
| |
25 | Habbar Ibn al-Aswad bin Ka`b al-`Ansi | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Habbara ibn al-Aswada, protože byl lhářem[89][90], který tvrdil, že je prorokem[89] |
| |
26 | Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahla, protože byl nepřátelský k Mohamedovi, stejně jako jeho otec Abu Jahl[79][82] |
Odporující si záznamy |
|
27 | Wahshi ibn Harb | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Wahshiho ibn Harba, za zabití Mohamedova strýce v průběhu bitvy o Uhud[79] |
Wahshi ibn Harb byl Mohamedem omilostněn, poté, co požádal o odpuštění a nabídl, že konvertuje k Islámu[79][93] |
|
28 | Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Vražda Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama pro psaní satirických básní o Mohamedovi[79][94][95][96] |
Ibn Ishaq uvádí, že Mohamed řekl "Nechte ho být, stal se kajícným muslimem, jež odmítá svou minulost.", na základě čehož byl omilostněn[95][96] |
|
29 | Al-Harith bin al-Talatil | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Za posmívání se Mohamedovi prostřednictvím poezie[79] |
| |
30 | Abdullah ibn Zib'ari | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Abdullaha ibn Zib'ariho, za psaní urážlivých básní o Mohamedovi[79] |
Abdullah ibn Zib'ari činil pokání a konvertoval k Islámu, takže byl Mohamedem omilostněn [79] |
|
31 | Hubayrah | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Hubayraha, za posmívání se Mohamedovi prostřednictvím poezie[79] |
Tabari, Vydání 39 uvádí, že Hubayrah "utekl pryč poté, co byla Mekka dobyta, a zemřel v Najranu jako zrádce"[79] |
|
32 | Hind bint Utbah | V průběhu/po dobytí Mekky (leden 630)[79] |
Zabití Hind bint Utbah (žena Abu Sufyana) za utnutí ucha Mohamedova strýce Hamza, poté, co zemřel, v průběhu bitvy o Uhud[79] |
Tabari uvádí, že Hind "slíbila věrnost a stala se muslimkou,"[99] načež byla omilostněna Mohamedem[79] |
|
33 | Amr ibn Jihash (konvertita k Islámu)[100] | V průběhu invaze v Banu Nadir[100] (srpen 625)[101] |
Dle Ibn Kathira a Ibn Ishaqa, Mohamed řekl Yamin bim Umayrovi, o Amr ibn Jashovi "Viděl jsi způsob, jaký se ke mně tvůj bratranec choval a co mi nabízel?"[102][100] Mohamed ho obvinil z úmyslu jej zabít[103] |
Amr ibn Jihash byl zavražděn poté, co muslim nabídl odměnu za jeho vraždu[100] |
|
34 | Král či princ Dumatul Jandal | Říjen 630[104] | Napadení velitele Dumy pro Jizyah a kořist[105][106] |
1 zabit, 2 vzati do zajetí[107] |
|
35 | Umaiya bin Khalaf Abi Safwan | Neznámé | Zabití Umaiya bin Khalafa, Mohamedův důvod je neznámý.[109] Ale Bilal jej chtěl zabít za to, že ho mučil[110] | ||
36 | Žena/konkubína slepého muže (muslima) | Neznámé | Mohamed podporoval tuto vraždu, protože zmíněná žena jej urazila[111][112] |
| |
37 | Ibn Sunayna | Neznámé | Mohamed údajně přikázal svým následovníkům, aby "zabili každého žida, který se dostane do jejich moci," Muhayissa to slyšel a vydal se zabít Ibn Sunaynaa (žida)[113][114] |
| |
38 | Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad | Neznámé | Zabití Abdullaha ibn Sa‘ada, protože se stal odpadlíkem (opustil islám) a utekl do Mekky. Rovněž prohlašoval, že to byl on, kdo napsal Korán a začal se posmívat Mohamedovi, což ho rozezlilo[116] |
Nedorozumění vedlo k jeho omilostnění. Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad byl předveden před Mohameda a nabídl mu svou loajalitu, Mohamed pozvedl svou ruku, aby dal najevo, že jeho následovníci ho mají zabít, ale muslimové gesto pochopili tak, že jej mají ušetřit.[116]On řekl "Což pak by se mezi Vámi nenašel moudrý muž, který by se proti němu postavil, když viděl, že jsem nepozvedl svou ruku, abych přijal jeho věrnost, a zabil ho ?"[117] |
|
39 | Ibn an-Nawwahah | Neznámé | Dle Ibn Kathira, Mohamed jednou řekl o Ibn an-Nawwahahovi "Setnul bych ti hlavu, kdyby neplatilo, že vyslanci nemají být zabíjeni" protože prohlašoval, že Musaylimah byl prorokem, načež Abdullah ibn Masud zabil Ibn an-Nawwahaha poté, co přestal být vyslancem[118][119] |
| |
40 | Slepý žid | Neznámé | Mohamedovi následovníci zabíjejí žida za to, že hodil prach do jeho obličeje[121][122] | ||
41 | Bezejmenný špion | Neznámé | Zabití muže, kterého Mohamed podezříval, že je špion[124][125] |
Salama bin Al-Akwa pronásleduje a zabíjí podezřelého špiona[124][125] |
|
42 | Muž z kmene Aslam | Neznámé | Zabití muže z kmene Aslam za nevěru[126][127] | ||
43 | Kinana ibn al-Rabi | Červenec 628[128] | Mučení Kinana ibn al-Rabiho za účelem objevení skrýše údajného pokladu[129][130] |
|
Překlady
- Verze této stránky je také dostupná v těchto jazycích: Anglicky, Bulharština, Italština, Španělština. Další jazyky si můžete zvolit na liště vlevo.
Externí odkazy
- The proof of the necessity of killing anyone who curses the Prophet or finds fault with him - Muslim website
- Full rejoinder to Balqis' rebuttal of WikiIslam Assassination List - r/exmuslim user responds to objections raised by apologists
Hlavní prameny
- Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, When the Moon Split, DarusSalam, ISBN 978-9960-897-28-8, 2002, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xJL6gxPUV4EC&pg=PA147
- Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, 2005, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover. Note: This is the free version available on Google Books
- Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, ISBN 978-9960-899-55-8, 2005, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA244
- Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Imam. Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover.
- Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. ISBN 978-9960-897-71-4, 1 March 2004. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover.
- Muir, William, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, Smith, Elder & Co, 1861, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover
- Haykal, Hussain, The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, ISBN 978-8187746461, 1994, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover
- Gabriel, Richard A., Muhammad, Islams first general, University of Oklahoma Press, ISBN 9780806138602, 2008, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA198
- Muḥammad Ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb, Imam. Mukhtaṣar zād al-maʻād. Darussalam publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-9960897189, 2003. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover.
- Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q.
Reference
- ↑ McCarthy, Kevin M., American Speech, Volume 48, pp. 77–83
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 130, 1861, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 35. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly. Women, religion, and social change. NewYork: SUNY Press. p. 24. ISBN 0-88706-069-2, 1985.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 210.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 675-676.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Smith, Elder and co, p. 133, 1861, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front
- ↑ De Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Darussalam, A Biography of the Prophet of Islam (Vol 1 & 2), p. 433.
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 675.
- ↑ "Then occurred the "sariyyah" of Salim Ibn Umayr al-Amri against Abu Afak, the Jew, in [the month of] Shawwal in the beginning of the twentieth month from the hijrah" - Sa'd, Ibn (1967). Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 31.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal, Ismaʼil R. Al-Faruqi, The life of Muḥammad: Volume 1976, Part 2, p. 223.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 162-163.
- ↑ Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274 (footnote 1).
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 308.
- ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 121, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121 (online)
- ↑ "SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))". Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 35. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Montgomery Watt, W.. P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. ed,. Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf. Brill Academic Publishers. ISSN 1573-3912.
- ↑ Stillman, Norman. The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America. p. 13, 1979. ISBN 0827601166 p. 13.
- ↑ Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. (online)
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al, The Sealed Nectar, Darussalam Publications, p. 204, 2005, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 482. "THE KILLING OF SALLAM IBN ABU'L-HUQAYQ"
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 100, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. (online)
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 Gabriel, Richard A., Muhammad, Islam's first great general, University of Oklahoma Press, p. 126, ISBN 9780806138602, 2008, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nadbe2XP2o4C&pg=PA126
- ↑ Sunnah.org, says Ahmad 3:496, al-Waqidi 2:533, archive
- ↑ Abu Dawud 2:1244, hadithcollection.com (archive)
- ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 121, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121 (online)
- ↑ Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, Garnet, p. 190, ISBN 978-1859640098, 2000, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=klAKAQAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 "The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)". Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956 (free online)
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 183. (online)
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, pp. 141–142, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147 pp. 141-142
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 390.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 755-756 (footnotes).
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 S. A. Rahman, Punishment of Apostasy in Islam, pp. 25-26.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Asbab al-nuzul by al-Wahidi, Commentary of Quran 3:86, (online)
- ↑ De Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Darussalam, A Biography of the Prophet of Islam (Vol 1 & 2), p. 433.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Abū Khalīl, Shawqī. Atlas of the Quran. Dar-us-Salam. p. 242. ISBN 978-9960897547, 2003.
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. (online)
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 147, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 317, ISBN 9780766177413, 2003, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201-205. (online)
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 9781861796110, 2009, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA213(online)
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 461-464.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, p. 222-224.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.
- ↑ Subhash C. Inamdar, Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity, Psychosocial Press, p. 166 (footnotes), ISBN 1887841288, 2001, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator), The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–464, ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1, 2002 pp. 461–464.
- ↑ Adil, Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam, p. 395f.
- ↑ William Muir, The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 329, ISBN 9780766177413, 2003, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ Kister (1990), Society and religion from Jāhiliyya to Islam, p. 54.
- ↑ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201 pp. 35–36
- ↑ Sunan Abu Dawud 14:2665
- ↑ Sahih Bukhari 4:52:280
- ↑ Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 9781861796110, 2009, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA194 (online)
- ↑ Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.
- ↑ Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq pp. 35–36.
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 208-210. (online)
- ↑ Ibn Kathīr, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 18 (Part 18): Al-Muminum 1 to Al-Furqan 20 2nd Edition, MSA Publication Limited, p. 77, ISBN 9781861797223, 2009, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UXIMSE5E-soC&pg=PA77
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 209-210. (online)
- ↑ Haykal, Hussain, The Life of Mohammed, Islamic Book Trust, p. 354, ISBN 978-8187746461, 1994, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 210. (online)
- ↑ Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4, p. 490, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA490
- ↑ Rahman, Muhammad Saed, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 10 (Part 10): Al-Anfal 41 To At-Tauba 92, MSA publication limited, p. 221, ISBN 9781861795786, 2008, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9PL5jJ_ZOI0C&pg=PA221
- ↑ 68.0 68.1 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 17
- ↑ 69.0 69.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. (online)
- ↑ Tirmidhi (Partial translation), see no. 3923, p. 182.
- ↑ "Abdullah b. Rawaha's raid to kill al-Yusayr b. Rizam". Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh. Oxford University Press. p. 665, 1998. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 18-19.
- ↑ Sahih Bukhari 1:4:234
- ↑ Tafsir ibn Kathir, Surai Madiah 5:39, "The Punishment of those who cause mischief in the Land", and Tafsir ibn Kathir, 5:39, Text version
- ↑ Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 123, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123 (online)
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 242. (online)
- ↑ 77.0 77.1 Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 671-672.
- ↑ 78.0 78.1 Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 151, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq
- ↑ 79.00 79.01 79.02 79.03 79.04 79.05 79.06 79.07 79.08 79.09 79.10 79.11 79.12 79.13 79.14 79.15 79.16 79.17 79.18 79.19 79.20 79.21 79.22 79.23 79.24 79.25 79.26 79.27 79.28 79.29 79.30 79.31 79.32 79.33 79.34 79.35 79.36 79.37 79.38 79.39 79.40 79.41 79.42 Wahid Khan, Maulana, Muhammad: a prophet for all humanity, Goodword, pp. 327–333, 2002, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=k8xyO3fQkccC&pg=PT327 pp. 327–333
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 Sahih Bukhari 5:59:582
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 81.4 81.5 81.6 81.7 81.8 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 254.
- ↑ 82.00 82.01 82.02 82.03 82.04 82.05 82.06 82.07 82.08 82.09 82.10 82.11 82.12 82.13 82.14 82.15 Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 551.
- ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 83.3 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 174. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ 84.0 84.1 Hussain Haykal, The Life of Mohammed, p. 440.
- ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 550.
- ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 S. A. Rahman, Punishment of Apostasy in Islam, p. 68.
- ↑ 87.0 87.1 Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 79, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq
- ↑ 88.0 88.1 Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Vydání 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 179. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, p. 167, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121 (online) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "The last years of the Prophet" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 90.0 90.1 Sahih Bukhari 5:59:662
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 168. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q.
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, p. 180, ISBN 9780791431504, 1997, http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq
- ↑ 93.0 93.1 Ibn Sa'd, Syed Moinul Haq (translator), Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2, p. 179.
- ↑ M. Th. Houtsma, E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913-1936, p. 584.
- ↑ 95.0 95.1 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 287.
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 597.
- ↑ 97.0 97.1 Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Trevor Le Gassick (translator), The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, p. 57.
- ↑ Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron, Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors, State University of New York Press, p. 196 (footnote 852), ISBN 0791428192, 1998, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=czSP046th6IC&printsec=frontcover
- ↑ 99.0 99.1 Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, p. 181.
- ↑ 100.0 100.1 100.2 100.3 Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 28 (Part 28): Al-Mujadila 1 to At-Tahrim 12 2nd Edition, p. 44. (online)
- ↑ Tabari, The foundation of the community, p.161.
- ↑ 102.0 102.1 Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 438.
- ↑ Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 28 (Part 28): Al-Mujadila 1 to At-Tahrim 12 2nd Edition, p. 43. (online)
- ↑ Abu Khalil, Shawqi. Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 239. ISBN 978-9960897714, 1 March 2004. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover.
- ↑ 105.0 105.1 Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator), The last years of the Prophet, State University of New York Press, pp. 58–59, ISBN 978-0887066917, 25 Sep 1990, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover pp. 58–59. (online)
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.
- ↑ Muir, William. Life of Mahomet. Kessinger Publishing Co. pp. 458–459. ISBN 978-0766177413, 10 August 2003. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458.
- ↑ Sa'd, Ibn. Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2. Pakistan Historical Society. p. 205. ASIN B0007JAWMK, 1967. http://books.google.co.uk/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq.
- ↑ 109.0 109.1 Sir John Bagot Glubb. The life and times of Muhammad. Madison Books. p. 187, 1998. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q.. ISBN 9781568331126
- ↑ 110.0 110.1 "This Umayyah was Bilal's previous master who used to torture him by forcing him down to the ground" - Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal, Ismaʼil R. Al-Faruqi, The life of Muḥammad: Volume 1976, Part 2, p. 229.
- ↑ 111.0 111.1 Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809
- ↑ 112.0 112.1 Sunan Abu Dawud 38:4348 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Abudawud 38 4348" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 113.0 113.1 Norman A. Stillman. The Jews of Arab lands: a history and source book. Jewish Publication Society. p. 128, 2003. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC&pg=PA128. ISBN 9780827601987
- ↑ 114.0 114.1 Sir John Bagot Glubb. The life and times of Muhammad. Madison Books. p. 199, 1998. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q. ISBN 9781568331126 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>
tag; name "Sir John Bagot Glubb" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 369.
- ↑ 116.0 116.1 Sir. William, Muir, The life of Mahomet, Abe books, p. 131, 1861, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA131
- ↑ Sunan Abu Dawud 38:4346
- ↑ 118.0 118.1 Shaykh Safiur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī, Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4, p. 379. (online)
- ↑ 119.0 119.1 Sunan Abu Dawud 14:2756
- ↑ Tabari, Al, The conquest of Arabia, State University of New York Press, p. 107, ISBN 978-0791410714, 1993, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VA5Uke7IpHkC&pg=PA16
- ↑ 121.0 121.1 Sita Ram Goel, India. High Court (Calcutta, India), The Calcutta Quran petition, ISBN 8185990581, p. 104.
- ↑ 122.0 122.1 122.2 Tabari, Al, The foundation of the community, State University of New York Press, p. 112, ISBN 978-0887063442, 2008, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 372.
- ↑ 124.0 124.1 The Middle East: Abstracts and index, Part 1, p. 423.
- ↑ 125.0 125.1 Sahih Bukhari 4:52:286
- ↑ 126.0 126.1 Dr. Nabil A. Haroun, Islamic Books, ISBN 9773161277, Teach Yourself Islam, p. 9.
- ↑ 127.0 127.1 Sunan Abu Dawud 38:4414
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 755, 763.
- ↑ 129.0 129.1 Mubarakpuri (1996), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 372.
- ↑ 130.0 130.1 Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford University Press. p. 218. ISBN 978-0195773071, 1956. (free online)
- ↑ Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). 1956. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 145-146.