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Jihad has been a perpetual subject of interest for Muslim scholars throughout the ages, and Muslim scholars have spent a great deal of time writing about how, when, where, why, and in what fashion Jihad may be undertaken. | |||
==Sunni== | ==Sunni== | ||
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<span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mawardi Al-Mawardi]</span> (d. 1058) was an Arab Shafi'i jurist, and his works on Islamic governance are recognized as classics in the field. | <span class="plainlinks">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mawardi Al-Mawardi]</span> (d. 1058) was an Arab Shafi'i jurist, and his works on Islamic governance are recognized as classics in the field. | ||
{{Quote||This section deals with the direction of war. The | {{Quote||This section deals with the direction of war. The mushrikun of Dar al-Harb are of two types:<BR><BR> | ||
First, those whom the call of Islam has reached, but they have refused it and have taken up arms. The amir of the army has the option of fighting them in one of two ways, that is in accordance with what he judges to be in the best of interests of the Muslims and most harmful to the mushrikun: the first, to harry them from their houses and to inflict damage on them day and night, by fighting and burning, or else to declare war and combat them in ranks;<BR><BR> | First, those whom the call of Islam has reached, but they have refused it and have taken up arms. The amir of the army has the option of fighting them in one of two ways, that is in accordance with what he judges to be in the best of interests of the Muslims and most harmful to the mushrikun: the first, to harry them from their houses and to inflict damage on them day and night, by fighting and burning, or else to declare war and combat them in ranks;<BR><BR> | ||
Second, those whom the invitation to Islam has not reached, although such persons are few nowadays since Allah has made manifest the call of his Messenger - unless there are people to the east and extreme east, or to the west, of whom we have no knowledge, beyond the Turks and Romans we are fighting; it is forbidden to initiate an attack on the mushrikun while they are unawares or at night, that is, it is forbidden to kill them, use fire against them or begin an attack before explaining the invitation to Islam to them, informing them of the miracles of the Prophet and making plain the proofs so as to encourage acceptance on their part; if they still refuse to accept after this, war is waged against them and they are treated as those whom the call has reached. Allah, may He be exalted, says, "Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and kindly admonition and converse with them by what better in argument" (Qur'an 16:125) - which means ...<BR><BR> | Second, those whom the invitation to Islam has not reached, although such persons are few nowadays since Allah has made manifest the call of his Messenger - unless there are people to the east and extreme east, or to the west, of whom we have no knowledge, beyond the Turks and Romans we are fighting; it is forbidden to initiate an attack on the mushrikun while they are unawares or at night, that is, it is forbidden to kill them, use fire against them or begin an attack before explaining the invitation to Islam to them, informing them of the miracles of the Prophet and making plain the proofs so as to encourage acceptance on their part; if they still refuse to accept after this, war is waged against them and they are treated as those whom the call has reached. Allah, may He be exalted, says, "Call to the way of your Lord with wisdom and kindly admonition and converse with them by what better in argument" (Qur'an 16:125) - which means ...<BR><BR> | ||
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{{Quote|Ayatollah Khomeini. Speech delivered on the commemoration of the Birth of Muhammad, 1981.|Mehrab (niche in a mosque) means a place of war, a place of fighting. Out of the mosques, wars should proceed. Just as all the wars of Islam proceeded out of the mosques. The prophet had a sword to kill people. Our Holy Imams were quite militant. All of them were warriors. They used to wield swords. They used to kill people. We need a Caliph who would chop hands, cut throats, stone people. In the way that the messenger of Allah used to chop hands, cut throats, and stone people.}} | {{Quote|Ayatollah Khomeini. Speech delivered on the commemoration of the Birth of Muhammad, 1981.|Mehrab (niche in a mosque) means a place of war, a place of fighting. Out of the mosques, wars should proceed. Just as all the wars of Islam proceeded out of the mosques. The prophet had a sword to kill people. Our Holy Imams were quite militant. All of them were warriors. They used to wield swords. They used to kill people. We need a Caliph who would chop hands, cut throats, stone people. In the way that the messenger of Allah used to chop hands, cut throats, and stone people.}} | ||
=== Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali=== | ===Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali=== | ||
Sadegh Khalkhali was a hardline Shia cleric of Iran and the Head of its Islamic Revolutionary Court. | Sadegh Khalkhali was a hardline Shia cleric of Iran and the Head of its Islamic Revolutionary Court. | ||
{{Quote|''Holy Terro'', Amir Taheri, Sphere Books Limited, London 1987, p. 36; Scott, Peterson (2002), ''Me Against My Brother: At War in Somalia, Sudan and Rwanda'', Routledge (London).|Those who are against killing have no place in Islam. Our Prophet killed with his own blessed hands. Our Imam Ali killed more than seven hundred on a single day. If the survival of the faith requires the shedding of blood, we are there to perform our duty}} | {{Quote|''Holy Terro'', Amir Taheri, Sphere Books Limited, London 1987, p. 36; Scott, Peterson (2002), ''Me Against My Brother: At War in Somalia, Sudan and Rwanda'', Routledge (London).|Those who are against killing have no place in Islam. Our Prophet killed with his own blessed hands. Our Imam Ali killed more than seven hundred on a single day. If the survival of the faith requires the shedding of blood, we are there to perform our duty}} | ||
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{{Hub4|Jihad (Primary Sources)|Jihad (Primary Sources)}} | {{Hub4|Jihad (Primary Sources)|Jihad (Primary Sources)}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
* [http://www.answering-islam.de/Main/Books/Hughes/jihad.htm The "Dictionary of Islam" by Thomas Patrick Hughes: Jihad] ''- | *[http://www.answering-islam.de/Main/Books/Hughes/jihad.htm The "Dictionary of Islam" by Thomas Patrick Hughes: Jihad] ''- Answering Islam'' | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:QHS]] | [[Category:QHS]] | ||
[[Category:Islamic Law]] | [[Category:Shariah (Islamic Law)]] | ||
[[Category:Jihad]] | |||
[[Category:Slavery]] | |||
[[ar:القرآن والحديث والعلماء: العلماء على الجهاد]] | |||
[[fr:Coran, hadith et savants : Djihad L'avis des savants des 4 madhabs]] |