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Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination (view source)

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→‎Allah knows children will become disbelievers: Have removed Abu Lahab section and re-written hadith sentence as mentioned in the notes - please let me know if you want me to delete it altogether.
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(→‎Everything Happens by the Will of Allah: Added another predestination verse)
(→‎Allah knows children will become disbelievers: Have removed Abu Lahab section and re-written hadith sentence as mentioned in the notes - please let me know if you want me to delete it altogether.)
 
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{{Quote|{{Quran|14|4}}|'''Allah leads astray''' whomsoever He will '''and guides whomsoever he will'''. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|14|4}}|'''Allah leads astray''' whomsoever He will '''and guides whomsoever he will'''. }}


{{Quote|{{Quran|17|16}}|And '''when We desire to destroy a city, We command its men who live at ease, and they commit ungodliness therein''', then the Word is realized against it, and We destroy it utterly.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|17|16}}|And '''when We desire to destroy a city, We command its men who live at ease, and they commit ungodliness therein''', then the Word is realized against it, and We destroy it utterly.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|17|97}}|<b>Whoever God guides, then he will be guided, while whoever He misguides, then he will never find helpers other than Him.</b> And We shall gather them on the Day of Judgment upon their faces, blind, dumb, and deaf. Their abode will be Jahannam. Every time it abates, We shall increase the fierceness of the Fire.”}}{{Quote|{{Quran|39|23}}|Allah hath (now) revealed the fairest of statements, a Scripture consistent, (wherein promises of reward are) paired (with threats of punishment), whereat doth creep the flesh of those who fear their Lord, so that their flesh and their hearts soften to Allah’s reminder. Such is Allah’s guidance, '''wherewith He guideth whom He will. And him whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no guide'''. }}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran|39|23}}|Allah hath (now) revealed the fairest of statements, a Scripture consistent, (wherein promises of reward are) paired (with threats of punishment), whereat doth creep the flesh of those who fear their Lord, so that their flesh and their hearts soften to Allah’s reminder. Such is Allah’s guidance, '''wherewith He guideth whom He will. And him whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no guide'''. }}


{{Quote|{{Quran-range|39|37|38}}|'''And whom Allah guides, there is none that can lead him astray'''; is not Allah Mighty, the Lord of retribution? And should you ask them, Who created the heavens and the earth? They would most certainly say: Allah. Say: Have you then considered that what you call upon besides Allah, would they, '''if Allah desire to afflict me with harm''', be the removers of His harm, or (would they), '''if Allah desire to show me mercy''', be the withholders of His mercy? Say: Allah is sufficient for me; on Him do the reliant rely. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|39|37|38}}|'''And whom Allah guides, there is none that can lead him astray'''; is not Allah Mighty, the Lord of retribution? And should you ask them, Who created the heavens and the earth? They would most certainly say: Allah. Say: Have you then considered that what you call upon besides Allah, would they, '''if Allah desire to afflict me with harm''', be the removers of His harm, or (would they), '''if Allah desire to show me mercy''', be the withholders of His mercy? Say: Allah is sufficient for me; on Him do the reliant rely. }}
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{{Quote|{{Quran-range|42|44|46}}|'''He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no protecting friend after Him'''. And thou (Muhammad) wilt see the evil-doers when they see the doom, (how) they say: Is there any way of return?… And they will have no protecting friends to help them instead of Allah. '''He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no road'''.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|42|44|46}}|'''He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no protecting friend after Him'''. And thou (Muhammad) wilt see the evil-doers when they see the doom, (how) they say: Is there any way of return?… And they will have no protecting friends to help them instead of Allah. '''He whom Allah sendeth astray, for him there is no road'''.}}


{{Quote|{{Quran|76|31}}|'''He will admit to His Mercy whom He will'''; But the wrong-doers,- for them has He prepared a grievous Penalty. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|76|31}}|'''He will admit to His Mercy whom He will'''; But the wrong-doers,- for them has He prepared a grievous Penalty. }}{{Quote|{{Quran|28|56}}|You cannot guide any one you like: <b>God guides whosoever He pleases.</b> He knows best who will come to guidance.}}


===Allah Decides whether a Person Will Believe===
===Allah Decides whether a Person Will Believe===
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{{Quote|{{Quran-range|10|99|100}}|And '''if your Lord had pleased, surely all those who are in the earth would have believed, all of them'''; will you then force men till they become believers? And '''it is not for a soul to believe except by Allah’s permission'''; and He casts uncleanness on those who will not understand. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|10|99|100}}|And '''if your Lord had pleased, surely all those who are in the earth would have believed, all of them'''; will you then force men till they become believers? And '''it is not for a soul to believe except by Allah’s permission'''; and He casts uncleanness on those who will not understand. }}


{{Quote|{{Quran|58|22}}|Thou wilt not find folk who believe in Allah and the Last Day loving those who oppose Allah and His messenger, even though they be their fathers or their sons or their brethren or their clan. As for such, '''He hath written faith upon their hearts and hath strengthened them with a Spirit from Him''', and He will bring them into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide. Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him. They are Allah's party. Lo! is it not Allah's party who are the successful? }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|58|22}}|Thou wilt not find folk who believe in Allah and the Last Day loving those who oppose Allah and His messenger, even though they be their fathers or their sons or their brethren or their clan. As for such, '''He hath written faith upon their hearts and hath strengthened them with a Spirit from Him''', and He will bring them into Gardens underneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide. Allah is well pleased with them, and they are well pleased with Him. They are Allah's party. Lo! is it not Allah's party who are the successful? }}{{Quote|{{Quran|2|143}}|And thus we have made you a just community that you will be witnesses over the people and the Messenger will be a witness over you. And We did not make the qiblah which you used to face except that We might make evident who would follow the Messenger from who would turn back on his heels. <b>And indeed, it is difficult except for those whom Allah has guided. And never would Allah have caused you to lose your faith.</b> Indeed Allah is, to the people, Kind and Merciful.}}


===Allah Decides our Will===
===Allah Decides our Will===
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|36}}|<b>A faithful man or woman may not have any option in their matter, when Allah and His Apostle have decided on a matter,</b> and whoever disobeys Allah and His Apostle has certainly strayed into manifest error.}}{{Quote|{{Quran-range|74|55|56}}|Let any who will, keep it in remembrance! '''But none will keep it in remembrance except as Allah wills''': He is the Lord of Righteousness, and the Lord of Forgiveness. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran|33|36}}|<b>A faithful man or woman may not have any option in their matter, when Allah and His Apostle have decided on a matter,</b> and whoever disobeys Allah and His Apostle has certainly strayed into manifest error.}}{{Quote|{{Quran-range|74|55|56}}|Let any who will, keep it in remembrance! '''But none will keep it in remembrance except as Allah wills''': He is the Lord of Righteousness, and the Lord of Forgiveness. }}{{Quote|{{Quran|49|17}}|They make it a favour on you that they have accepted Islam. Say, ‘Do not bestow on me your acceptance of Islam. Nay! It is Allah who has bestowed upon you the favour, that He has guided you to Faith, if you are truthful.}}{{Quote|{{Quran-range|76|29|30}}|This is an admonition: Whosoever will, let him take a (straight) Path to his Lord. '''But ye will not, except as Allah wills'''; for Allah is full of Knowledge and Wisdom. }}
 
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|76|29|30}}|This is an admonition: Whosoever will, let him take a (straight) Path to his Lord. '''But ye will not, except as Allah wills'''; for Allah is full of Knowledge and Wisdom. }}


{{Quote|{{Quran-range|81|28|29}}|Unto whomsoever of you willeth to walk straight. '''And ye will not, unless (it be) that Allah willeth''', the Lord of Creation. }}
{{Quote|{{Quran-range|81|28|29}}|Unto whomsoever of you willeth to walk straight. '''And ye will not, unless (it be) that Allah willeth''', the Lord of Creation. }}
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18:79 As for the ship, it belonged to poor people working at sea. So I intended to cause defect in it as there was after them a king who seized every [good] ship by force.
18:79 As for the ship, it belonged to poor people working at sea. So I intended to cause defect in it as there was after them a king who seized every [good] ship by force.
<b> 18:80 And as for the boy, his parents were believers, and we feared that he would overburden them by transgression and disbelief.  
<b> 18:80 And as for the boy, his parents were believers, and we feared that he would overburden them by transgression and disbelief.  
18:81 So we intended that their Lord should substitute for them one better than him in purity and nearer to mercy. </b>}}
18:81 So we intended that their Lord should substitute for them one better than him in purity and nearer to mercy. </b>}}Interestingly this story is quoted in a hadith relating to war.
{{Quote|{{Muslim|19|4457}}|This tradition has been narrated by the game authority (Yazid b. Hurmus) through a different chain of transmitters with the following difference in the elucidation of one of the points raised by Najda in his letter to Ibn Abas:


=== Abu Lahab and his wife were destined for hell ===
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used not to kill the children, so thou shouldst not kill them unless you could know what Khadir had known about the child he killed, or you could distinguish between a child who would grow up to he a believer (and a child who would grow up to be a non-believer), so that you killed the (prospective) non-believer and left the (prospective) believer aside.}}
In this surah Allah knows Abu Lahab (allegedly a strong opponent of Muhammad) and his wife,<ref>[https://quranx.com/tafsirs/111.5 ''Tafsir Ibn Kathir on surah 111.''] Ibn Kathir d.1373</ref> will go to hell before they have died, making their actions beyond that point meaningless.
{{Quote|{{Quran|111|1-5}}|“Perished be the hands of Abu Lahab and ruined he be,
Neither his wealth nor what he has earned shall avail him.
He shall shortly roast in a flaming fire.
And his wife — laden with faggots, Shall have a rope of palm fiber round her neck.}}
This is also hard to square with the common notion that the Quran is eternal, as for this to make sense there would have always have had to have been an enemy of the prophet born at the same time with the same name, who's wife would also be an enemy, which makes one wonder how he could have been tested on Earth - though this would fit the Islamic concept of predestination/Qadar.<ref>''[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/34732/what-is-qadar-in-islam What Is Qadar in Islam?]'' Risalat Sharh Usul al-Iman by Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymin. 2010. IslamQA.</ref> 
{{Quote|{{Quran|85|21-22}}|This is indeed the glorious Qur'an. in a preserved tablet}}


=== Allah knows people and jinn will disbelieve and go to hell ===
=== Allah knows people and jinn will disbelieve and go to hell ===
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===Miscellaneous===
===Miscellaneous===
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud 4713}}
|‘A’ishah, mother of the believers, said :
The Prophet (May peace be upon him) was invited to the funeral of a boy who belonged to the Ansar and I said; Messenger of Allah! This one is blessed, for he has done no evil, nor has he known it. He replied : It may be otherwise, ‘A’ishah, for '''Allah created Paradise and created those who will go to it, and He created it for them when they were still in their father’s loins; and he created hell and created those who will go to it, and created it for them when they were still in their father’s loins'''.}}


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=305}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1 |page=133-34}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. I|ISBN=0-88706-562-7|year=1989|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=Franz Rosenthal|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1/mode/2up|page=305}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol.1 |page=133-34}}
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