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===Adam was a 90 foot giant=== | ===Adam was a 90 foot giant=== | ||
Hadiths state that humans were created in the physical image of Allah, were at first 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorter than modern humans. | Hadiths state that humans were created in the physical image of Allah, were at first 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorter than modern humans. Nor does this match anything we know about the evolution and development of humans as a species.<ref>For the science of evolution covering modern humans for the general reader, see for example: | ||
''Who are we and how we got here: Ancient DNA and the new science of the human past'' by David Reich. 2018. | |||
''Evolution: The Human Story'' by Alice Roberts. 2023. | |||
''Human Origins 101'' by Holly Dunsworth. 2007. | |||
''The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution'' by Richard Dawkins. 2010. | |||
''Our Human Story'' by Louise Humphrey and Chris Stringer. 2018. | |||
''Why Evolution is True (Oxford Landmark Science)'' by Jerry Coyne. 2009.</ref> | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|543}}, See also: {{Muslim|40|6809 }} and {{Muslim|32|6325}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|543}}, See also: {{Muslim|40|6809 }} and {{Muslim|32|6325}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: | ||
The Prophet said, "Allah created Adam, making him 60 cubits tall. When He created him, He said to him, "Go and greet that group of angels, and listen to their reply, for it will be your greeting (salutation) and the greeting (salutations of your offspring." So, Adam said (to the angels), As-Salamu Alaikum (i.e. Peace be upon you). The angels said, "As-salamu Alaika wa Rahmatu-l-lahi" (i.e. Peace and Allah's Mercy be upon you). Thus the angels added to Adam's salutation the expression, 'Wa Rahmatu-l-lahi,' Any person who will enter Paradise will resemble Adam (in appearance and figure). People have been decreasing in stature since Adam's creation.}} | The Prophet said, "Allah created Adam, making him 60 cubits tall. When He created him, He said to him, "Go and greet that group of angels, and listen to their reply, for it will be your greeting (salutation) and the greeting (salutations of your offspring." So, Adam said (to the angels), As-Salamu Alaikum (i.e. Peace be upon you). The angels said, "As-salamu Alaika wa Rahmatu-l-lahi" (i.e. Peace and Allah's Mercy be upon you). Thus the angels added to Adam's salutation the expression, 'Wa Rahmatu-l-lahi,' Any person who will enter Paradise will resemble Adam (in appearance and figure). People have been decreasing in stature since Adam's creation.}} | ||
==Astronomy== | ==Astronomy== | ||
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===The sun rises between the horns of Satan=== | ===The sun rises between the horns of Satan=== | ||
{{Quote|{{muslim|4|1807}}|Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Do not intend to observe prayer at the time of the rising of the sun nor at its setting, for it rises between the horns of Satan.}} | {{Quote|{{muslim|4|1807}}|Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Do not intend to observe prayer at the time of the rising of the sun nor at its setting, for it rises between the horns of Satan.}} | ||
=== The sun sets in a muddy spring === | |||
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|31|3991}}|Narrated Abu Dharr: I was sitting behind the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who was riding a donkey while the sun was setting. He asked: Do you know where this sets ? I replied: Allah and his Apostle know best. He said: It sets in a spring of warm water (Hamiyah).}} | |||
===The moon has light=== | ===The moon has light=== | ||
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===Embryology=== | ===Embryology=== | ||
{{Main|Sources of Islamic Theories of Reproduction|Embryology in the Quran}} | |||
====Stages of development==== | ====Stages of development==== | ||
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===Spinal bone does not decay=== | ===Spinal bone does not decay=== | ||
The hadith state that the 'spinal bone' does not decay. Modern science, by contrast, has revealed that where as the rate at which different types of bones decay differs, all bones do in fact decay. | The hadith state that the 'spinal bone' does not decay. Modern science, by contrast, has revealed that where as the rate at which different types of bones decay differs, all bones do in fact decay. | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Muslim|41|7057}}|Abu Huraira reported so many ahadith from Allah's Apostle and amongst these one was this that Allah's Messenger said: '''There is a bone in the human being which the earth would never consume''' and it is from this that new bodies would be reconstituted (on the Day of Resurrection). They said: Allah's Messenger, which bone is that? Thereupon he said: '''It is the spinal bone.'''}}Some translations of this hadith opt for "coccyx" instead of "spinal bone". | ||
===Different races are made of different types of earth=== | ===Different races are made of different types of earth=== | ||
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that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Indeed Allah Most High created Adam from a handful that He took from all of the earth. So the children of Adam come in according with the earth, some of them come red, and white and black, and between that, and the thin, the thick, the filthy, and the clean."}} | that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Indeed Allah Most High created Adam from a handful that He took from all of the earth. So the children of Adam come in according with the earth, some of them come red, and white and black, and between that, and the thin, the thick, the filthy, and the clean."}} | ||
=== Coitus interruptus, the 'pull-out' method of contraception has no effect === | |||
These hadith state that men should not pull out of their slave/captive girls to prevent pregnancy, as God has already decided who will come into existence. While apologists might argue there is pre-destination in this ''(see: [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]])'', this would essentially render all actions pointless in this context, including whether they pulled out or not. However this method (''coitus interruptus)'' is a clearly statistically proven method of reducing the chances of pregnancy,<ref>''[https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/pull-out-withdrawal Pull Out Method (Withdrawal). WebMD article.]'' Medically Reviewed by Traci C. Johnson, MD on August 08, 2022. Written by Stephanie Langmaid.</ref> hence why it was recognised long before modern birth control methods, making this an erroneous statement that would not be accepted in modern medicine. | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|432}}|Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri: that while he was sitting with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) he said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! We get female captives as our share of booty, and we are interested in their prices, what is your opinion about coitus interrupt us?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Do you really do that? It is better for you not to do it. No soul that which Allah has destined to exist, but will surely come into existence.}} | |||
See also {{Bukhari|3|46|718}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|459}}, and {{Bukhari|9|93|506}}. More are listed in [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl|''Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl'']] | |||
=== Meat would not decay if not for Bani Isra'il === | |||
Microbial growth, oxidation and enzymatic autolysis are the three basic mechanisms responsible for the spoilage of meat. In addition to lipid oxidation and enzyme reactions, meat spoilage is almost always caused by microbial growth, which has existed essentially since animals with 'meat' began<ref>Iulietto, M. F., Sechi, P., Borgogni, E., & Cenci-Goga, B. T. (2015). Meat Spoilage: A Critical Review of a Neglected Alteration Due to Ropy Slime Producing Bacteria. ''Italian Journal of Animal Science'', ''14''(3). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2015.4011</nowiki></ref> (this is hundred of millions of years before humans even appear,<ref>''[https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-06-28-new-oxford-study-sheds-light-origin-animals#:~:text=Credit%3A%20Lidya%20Tarhan.,gradual%20pace%20of%20evolutionary%20change. New Oxford study sheds light on the origin of animals.]'' University of Oxford. 2023.</ref> let alone Jews, and completely unrelated to humans). Yet Muhammad states the cause of this is due to Israeli's/Jews. | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|547}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "But for the Israelis, meat would not decay and but for Eve, wives would never betray their husbands."}}{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3472}}|Hammam b. Munabbih said: These are some of the ahadith which Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), and one of these (this one): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: Had it not been for Bani Isra'il, food would not have become stale, and meal would not have gone bad; and had it not been for Eve, a woman would never have acted unfaithfully toward her husband.}} | |||
=== The heart the literal place of belief === | |||
As the Qur'an affirms the ancient cardio-centric biological view (''see: [[Scientific Errors in the Quran#Functions of the heart (cardiocentrism)]]''), where the heart is the seat of the mind and soul, responsible for human understanding,<ref>''qalb |'' Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (pp. 578 - 587). Princeton University Press.</ref> as did contemporary authors.<ref>Decharneux, Julien. Creation and Contemplation: [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110794083/html?lang=en The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background] (Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East Book 47) ''(3.1 The role of the heart pp. 92 - 105 & pp. 67)''. De Gruyter. 2023.</ref> This idea seems to continue in the hadith with Muhammad reporting on his night journey (''see: [[Buraq]]'') that his heart was literally cut out of his body with a knife, then washed, and put back in with belief. | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|227}}|Malik bin Sasaa said that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) described to them his Night Journey saying, "While I was lying in Al-Hatim or Al-Hijr, suddenly someone came to me and cut my body open from here to here." I asked Al-Jarud who was by my side, "What does he mean?" He said, "It means from his throat to his pubic area," or said, "From the top of the chest." The Prophet (ﷺ) further said, "He then took out my heart. Then a gold tray of Belief was brought to me and my heart was washed and was filled (with Belief) and then returned to its original place...}} | |||
==Geology and Meteorology== | ==Geology and Meteorology== | ||
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|227}}|Narrated Abbas bin Malik: ...So when I went (over the seventh heaven), there I saw Abraham. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is your father; pay your greetings to him.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.' Then I was made to ascend to Sidrat-ul-Muntaha (i.e. the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary) Behold! Its fruits were like the jars of Hajr (i.e. a place near Medina) and its leaves were as big as the ears of elephants. Gabriel said, 'This is the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary) . Behold ! There ran four rivers, two were hidden and two were visible, I asked, 'What are these two kinds of rivers, O Gabriel?' He replied,' As for the hidden rivers, they are two rivers in Paradise and the visible rivers are the Nile and the Euphrates.'...}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|227}}|Narrated Abbas bin Malik: ...So when I went (over the seventh heaven), there I saw Abraham. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is your father; pay your greetings to him.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.' Then I was made to ascend to Sidrat-ul-Muntaha (i.e. the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary) Behold! Its fruits were like the jars of Hajr (i.e. a place near Medina) and its leaves were as big as the ears of elephants. Gabriel said, 'This is the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary) . Behold ! There ran four rivers, two were hidden and two were visible, I asked, 'What are these two kinds of rivers, O Gabriel?' He replied,' As for the hidden rivers, they are two rivers in Paradise and the visible rivers are the Nile and the Euphrates.'...}} | ||
=== There is a mountain of gold under the river Euphrates that would soon be uncovered === | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|235}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Soon the river "Euphrates" will disclose the treasure (the mountain) of gold, so whoever will be present at that time should not take anything of it." Al-A'raj narrated from Abii Huraira that the Prophet (ﷺ) said the same but he said, "It (Euphrates) will uncover a mountain of gold (under it).}} | |||
See also: {{Abu Dawud|38|4299}} and {{Al Tirmidhi|12|4|12|2569}}. | |||
===Thunder is an angel driving clouds=== | ===Thunder is an angel driving clouds=== | ||
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===Leprosy and Leukoderma only appear on Wednesdays=== | ===Leprosy and Leukoderma only appear on Wednesdays=== | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Ibn Majah||4|31|3487}}|It was narrated that Ibn ‘Umar said: | ||
“O Nafi’! The blood is boiling in me, find me a cupper, but let it be someone gentle if you can, not an old man or a young boy. For I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘Cupping on an empty stomach is better, and in it there is healing and blessing, and it increases one’s intellect and memory. So have yourselves cupped for the blessing of Allah on Thursdays, and avoid cupping on Wednesdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Have yourselves cupped on Mondays and Tuesdays, for that is the day on which Allah relieved Ayyub of Calamity, and He inflicted calamity upon him on a Wednesday, and '''leprosy and leucoderma only appear on Wednesdays''', or on the night of Wednesday.”}} | “O Nafi’! The blood is boiling in me, find me a cupper, but let it be someone gentle if you can, not an old man or a young boy. For I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘Cupping on an empty stomach is better, and in it there is healing and blessing, and it increases one’s intellect and memory. So have yourselves cupped for the blessing of Allah on Thursdays, and avoid cupping on Wednesdays, Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Have yourselves cupped on Mondays and Tuesdays, for that is the day on which Allah relieved Ayyub of Calamity, and He inflicted calamity upon him on a Wednesday, and '''leprosy and leucoderma only appear on Wednesdays''', or on the night of Wednesday.”}} | ||
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===Loving things causes deafness and blindness=== | ===Loving things causes deafness and blindness=== | ||
{{quote | {{Abudawud| | {{quote |{{Abudawud||5130|darussalam}}| Narrated AbudDarda': | ||
The Prophet (pbuh) said: "Your love for a thing causes blindness and deafness".}} | The Prophet (pbuh) said: "Your love for a thing causes blindness and deafness".}} | ||
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The Prophet (peace be upon him), was asked about water (in desert country) and what is frequented by animals and wild beasts. He replied: When there is enough water to fill two pitchers, it bears no impurity.}} | The Prophet (peace be upon him), was asked about water (in desert country) and what is frequented by animals and wild beasts. He replied: When there is enough water to fill two pitchers, it bears no impurity.}} | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|1|66}}|Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri: The people asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): '''Can we perform ablution out of the well of Buda'ah, which is a well into which menstrual clothes, dead dogs and stinking things were thrown? He replied: Water is pure and is not defiled by anything.'''|}} | ||
{{Quote|{{ | {{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|1|68}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: | ||
One of the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) took a bath from a large bowl. The Prophet (peace be upon him) wanted to perform ablution or take from the water left over. She said to him: O Prophet of Allah, verily I was sexually defiled. The Prophet said: Water not defiled.}} | One of the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) took a bath from a large bowl. The Prophet (peace be upon him) wanted to perform ablution or take from the water left over. She said to him: O Prophet of Allah, verily I was sexually defiled. The Prophet said: Water not defiled.}} | ||
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|4|239}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "We (Muslims) are the last (people to come in the world) but (will be) the foremost (on the Day of Resurrection)."}} | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|4|239}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "We (Muslims) are the last (people to come in the world) but (will be) the foremost (on the Day of Resurrection)."}} | ||
=== Failed eschatological predictions === | |||
These hadith state judgement day will fall at least within the generation after Muhammad's lifetime. | |||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|7052}}|When would the Last Hour come? Thereupon Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) kept quiet for a while. Then looked at a young boy in his presence belonging to the tribe of Azd Shanu'a and he said: If this boy lives he would not grow very old till the Last Hour would come to you. Anas said that this young boy was of our age during those days.}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|188}}|A bedouin came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! When will The Hour be established?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Wailaka (Woe to you), What have you prepared for it?" The bedouin said, "I have not prepared anything for it, except that I love Allah and his Apostle." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will be with those whom you love." We (the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) ) said, "And will we too be so? The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Yes." So we became very glad on that day. In the meantime, a slave of Al-Mughira passed by, and he was of the same age as I was. The Prophet (ﷺ) said. "If this (slave) should live long, he will not reach the geriatric old age, but the Hour will be established."}}It would happen within a century. | |||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|31|6165}}|Abu Sa'id reported that when Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) came back from Tabuk they (his Companions) asked about the Last Hour. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: There would be none amongst the created beings living on the earth (who would survive this century).}} | |||
The next hadith states it will not be established until Muslims fight the Jews, which appears to have happened since even during it's inception against the Jewish Tribe of Banu Qurayzah (''see: [[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayzah]]''), with more Islamic-Jewish violence throughout history, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1033_Fez_massacre 1033 Fez massacre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1066_Granada_massacre 1066 Granada massacre] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1834_looting_of_Safed 1834 looting of Safed.] As well as ongoing [https://www.britannica.com/event/Arab-Israeli-wars Israel-Palestine battles] - yet 'the hour' has not been established. | |||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|177}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established until you fight with the Jews, and the stone behind which a Jew will be hiding will say. "O Muslim! There is a Jew hiding behind me, so kill him."}}There are also indirect references in the following hadith with Muhammad telling his current followers that they will see Jesus (who is not killed but rather ascended into heaven in the Islamic version of the story ({{Quran|4|157-158}})), return back to Earth, which is heavily associated with the end times in Islamic literature.<ref>[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/3221/did-jesus-come-back-down-to-earth-after-he-was-taken-up-or-not#:~:text=Jesus%20(peace%20be%20upon%20him)%20has%20not%20died%20yet%3B,the%20earth%20according%20to%20Islam. Did Jesus Come Back Down to Earth After he Was Taken up, or Not?] 2000. IslamQA.com</ref>{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|425}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, son of Mary (Jesus) will shortly descend amongst you people (Muslims) as a just ruler and will break the Cross and kill the pig and abolish the Jizya (a tax taken from the non-Muslims, who are in the protection, of the Muslim government). Then there will be abundance of money and nobody will accept charitable gifts.}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|658}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said "How will you be when the son of Mary (i.e. Jesus) descends amongst you and your imam is among you."}}See also {{Bukhari|3|43|656}} and {{Abu Dawud|38|4310}} | |||
Interesting a non-canonical Qu'ran variant also mentions Jesus's second coming as a sign of the hour. <ref>Neuwirth, Angelika. The Qur'an and Late Antiquity: A Shared Heritage (Oxford Studies in Late Antiquity) (pp. 299-300). Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition. | |||
''The mention of the death of Jesus (Q 19:33) may ultimately, in view of the middle Meccan verse group Q 43:59–61 in which Jesus figures as “sign of the [final] hour,”<sup>89</sup> count not as a historical event but an eschatological one.'' | |||
(Ibid Kindle p p. 312) | |||
''Footnote 89:. Instead of the canonical Qur’anic reading, ʿilmun li-l-sāʿati, “knowledge about the hour,” Jesus’s qualification should rather be read as ʿalamun li-l-sāʿati, “sign of the hour.” The non-canonical interpretation is ascribed to Ikrima; see Jeffery, Materials, 173.''</ref> | |||
=== Year of the Elephant (and the battle's location) === | |||
The following hadith, rated sahih (authentic) by Darussalam, states that Muhammad's birth (in 570CE)<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad Muhammad] | Britannica </ref> was in 'The Year of the Elephant', a year when the Ka'ba in Mecca was allegedly nearly attacked by King Abraha of Yemen (and miraculously stopped by God), along with other traditions.<ref>See for example: ''[https://quranx.com/Tafsir/Jalal/105.1 Tafsir Jalalayn on verse 105:1]'' (Al Jalalayn / Jalal ad-din al-Maḥalli and Jalal ad-din as-Suyuti. Published in 1505.) | |||
Or a much more in-depth look at the traditions in ''[https://quran.com/105:1/tafsirs/en-tafsir-maarif-ul-quran Tafsir Ma'arif al-quran (on surah 105)]'' written by Pakistani Islamic scholar Mufti Muhammad Shafi (1897–1976).</ref> | |||
{{Quote|{{Al Tirmidhi||1|46|3619}}|Narrated Al-Muttalib bin 'Abdullah bin Qais bin Makhramah: | |||
from his father, from his grandfather, that he said: "I and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), were born in the Year of the Elephant" - he said: "And 'Uthman bin 'Affan asked Qubath bin Ashyam, the brother of Banu Ya'mar bin Laith - 'Are you greater (in age) or the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)?'" He said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is greater than me, but I have an earlier birthday." He said: "And I saw the defecation of the birds turning green."}} | |||
These traditions give context to the Qur'anic story found in surah 105, [https://quran.com/en/al-fil Surah of the Elephant,]which by itself lacks basic details to understand what is being referred to, in such a way we can assume the initial audience was already familiar with the full story.<ref>As noted by Angelika Neuwirth: ''On the basis of more recent studies, a concrete foreknowledge among the hearers can be assumed as certain: Uri Rubin (1984), on the basis of a critical assessment of the traditions, has pointed to the resonance in Q 105 of the defeat of Abraha, who was said to have been forced to withdraw from the area around Mecca achieving nothing, and leaving the sanctuary miraculously spared, a turning point in the position of the Meccans on the peninsula (on this, see also Sinai 2009: 59–74).'' | |||
Neuwirth, Angelika. The Qur'an: Text and Commentary, Volume 1: Early Meccan Suras: Poetic Prophecy (p. 61). Yale University Press.</ref> | |||
This appears to be an distorted version of a real event with the dates changed to fit the hagiographical biography of the Islamic prophet, to 'foreshadow' and highlight the year as being important, as more contemporary and sound evidence places Abraha's expedition of Central Arabia notably earlier, and not to Mecca itself; as historian Glenn W. Bowersock notes: | |||
{{Quote|Bowersock, G.W.. <i>The Throne of Adulis: Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam (Emblems of Antiquity)</i> (p. 115 - 117). Oxford University Press.|They may possibly explain a dramatic, even desperate move that the king made only a few years after the Mārib conference. <i>In 552 he launched a great expedition into central Arabia, north of Najrān and south of Mecca.</i> | |||
An important but difficult inscription, which was discovered at Bir Murayghān and first published in 1951, gives the details of this expedition.10 <i>It shows that one of Abraha’s armies went northeastward into the territory of the Ma‘add tribal confederacy, while another went northwestward towards the coast (Map 2).</i> This two-pronged assault into the central peninsula is, in fact, the last campaign of Abraha known from epigraphy. It may well have represented an abortive attempt to move into areas of Persian influence, south of the Naṣrid capital at al Ḥīra. If Procopius published his history as late as 555, the campaign could possibly be the one to which the Greek historian refers when he says of Abraha, whom he calls Abramos in Greek, that once his rule was secure he promised Justinian many times to invade the land of Persia (es gēn tēn Persida), but “only once did he begin the journey and then immediately withdrew.”11 The land that Abraha invaded was hardly the land of Persia, but it was a land of Persian influence and of potentially threatening religious groups—Jewish and pagan. <i>Some historians have been sorely tempted to bring the expedition of 552, known from the inscription at Bir Murayghān, into conjunction with a celebrated and sensational legend in the Arabic tradition that is reflected in Sura 105 of the Qur’an (al fīl, the elephant). The Arabic tradition reports that Abraha undertook an attack on Mecca itself with the aim of taking possession of the Ka‘ba, the holy place of the pagan god Hubal. It was believed that Abraha’s forces were led by an elephant, and that, although vastly superior in number, they were miraculously repelled by a flock of birds that pelted them with stones. The tradition also maintained that Abraha’s assault on the ancient holy place occurred in the very year of Muḥammad’s birth (traditionally fixed about 570). Even today the path over which Abraha’s elephant and men are believed to have marched is known in local legend as the Road of the Elephant (darb al fīl). | |||
Obviously, the expedition of 552 cannot be the same expedition as the legendary one, if we are to credit the coincidence of the year of the elephant (‘Ām al fīl) with the year of the Prophet’s birth.12 But increasingly scholars and historians have begun to suppose that the Quranic date for the elephant is unreliable, since a famous event such as the Prophet’s birth would tend naturally, by a familiar historical evolution, to attract other great events into its proximity. Hence the attack on Mecca should perhaps be seen as spun out of a fabulous retelling of Abraha’s final and markedly less sensational mission.</i> This is not to say that it might not also have been intended as a vexation for the Persians in response to pressure from Byzantium. But it certainly brought Abraha into close contact with major centers of paganism and Judaism in central and northwest Arabia.}} | |||
==Medicine== | ==Medicine== | ||
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===Eating 7 dates can cure poison=== | ===Eating 7 dates can cure poison=== | ||
{{quote |{{Bukhari|7|65|356 | {{quote |{{Bukhari|7|65|356}}| Narrated Sad: | ||
Allah's Apostle said, "'''He who eats seven 'Ajwa dates every morning, will not be affected by poison or magic on the day he eats them.'''"}} | Allah's Apostle said, "'''He who eats seven 'Ajwa dates every morning, will not be affected by poison or magic on the day he eats them.'''"}} | ||
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==Miscellaneous== | ==Miscellaneous== | ||
===Muslim graves widen, non-Muslim graves | ===Muslim graves widen, non-Muslim graves constrict=== | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim|40|6862}}|Anas b. Malik reported Allah's Apostle having said: When the servant is placed in his grave and his companions retrace their steps arid he hears the noise of the footsteps, then two angels come to him and make him sit and say to him: What you have to say about this person (the Holy Prophet)? If he is believer, he would say: I bear testimony to the fact that he is a servant of Allah and His Messenger. Then it would be said to him: Look to your seat in the Hell- Fire, for Allah has substituted (the seat of yours) with a seat in Paradise. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: He would be shown both the seats. Qatada said: It was mentioned to us that '''his grave (the grave of a believer) expands to seventy cubits and is full with verdure until the Day when they would be resurrected.'''}} | {{Quote|{{Muslim|40|6862}}|Anas b. Malik reported Allah's Apostle having said: When the servant is placed in his grave and his companions retrace their steps arid he hears the noise of the footsteps, then two angels come to him and make him sit and say to him: What you have to say about this person (the Holy Prophet)? If he is believer, he would say: I bear testimony to the fact that he is a servant of Allah and His Messenger. Then it would be said to him: Look to your seat in the Hell- Fire, for Allah has substituted (the seat of yours) with a seat in Paradise. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: He would be shown both the seats. Qatada said: It was mentioned to us that '''his grave (the grave of a believer) expands to seventy cubits and is full with verdure until the Day when they would be resurrected.'''}} | ||
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===Humankind's sin blackened the Black Stone=== | ===Humankind's sin blackened the Black Stone=== | ||
{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url=http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/9/70 |title= Jami' al Tirmidhi Vol. 2, Book 4, Hadith 877 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Ibn Abbas narrated that: The Messenger of Allah said: "The Black Stone descended from the Paradise, and it was more white than milk, then it was blacked by the sins of the children of Adam."}} | {{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url=http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/9/70 |title= Jami' al Tirmidhi Vol. 2, Book 4, Hadith 877 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Ibn Abbas narrated that: The Messenger of Allah said: "The Black Stone descended from the Paradise, and it was more white than milk, then it was blacked by the sins of the children of Adam."}} | ||
== See Also == | |||
* [[Scientific Errors in the Quran]] | |||
* [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars: Remarkable and Strange Islamic Traditions]] | |||
* [[Contradictions in the Hadith]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[ | [[Category:Apologetics]] | ||
[[Category:Hadith]] | [[Category:Hadith]] | ||
[[Category:Islam and Science]] | [[Category:Islam and Science]] | ||
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[[Category:Biology]] | [[Category:Biology]] | ||
[[Category:Reproductive sciences]] | [[Category:Reproductive sciences]] | ||
[[ar:أخطاء_علمية_في_الحديث]] |
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