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Scientific Errors in the Hadith: Difference between revisions

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Scientific Errors in the Hadith (view source)

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===Adam was a 90 foot giant===
===Adam was a 90 foot giant===


Hadiths state that humans were created in the physical image of Allah, were at first 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorter than modern humans.
Hadiths state that humans were created in the physical image of Allah, were at first 90 feet (60 cubits) tall, and have been decreasing in height ever since. The oldest human remains found in Ethiopia (Lucy and Ardi) are, however, shorter than modern humans. Nor does this match anything we know about the evolution and development of humans as a species.<ref>For the science of evolution covering modern humans for the general reader, see for example:


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|543}}, See also: {{Muslim|40|6809 }} and {{Muslim|32|6325}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:
''Who are we and how we got here: Ancient DNA and the new science of the human past'' by David Reich. 2018.


The Prophet said, "Allah created Adam, making him 60 cubits tall. When He created him, He said to him, "Go and greet that group of angels, and listen to their reply, for it will be your greeting (salutation) and the greeting (salutations of your offspring." So, Adam said (to the angels), As-Salamu Alaikum (i.e. Peace be upon you). The angels said, "As-salamu Alaika wa Rahmatu-l-lahi" (i.e. Peace and Allah's Mercy be upon you). Thus the angels added to Adam's salutation the expression, 'Wa Rahmatu-l-lahi,' Any person who will enter Paradise will resemble Adam (in appearance and figure). People have been decreasing in stature since Adam's creation.}}  [Islamic Science of Hadith]
''Evolution: The Human Story'' by Alice Roberts. 2023.


''Human Origins 101'' by Holly Dunsworth. 2007.
''The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution'' by Richard Dawkins. 2010.
''Our Human Story'' by Louise Humphrey and Chris Stringer. 2018.
''Why Evolution is True (Oxford Landmark Science)'' by Jerry Coyne. 2009.</ref>
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3326|darussalam}}, See also: {{Muslim||2841|reference}} and {{Muslim||2612e|reference}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Allah created Adam, making him 60 cubits tall. When He created him, He said to him, "Go and greet that group of angels, and listen to their reply, for it will be your greeting (salutation) and the greeting (salutations of your offspring." So, Adam said (to the angels), As-Salamu Alaikum (i.e. Peace be upon you). The angels said, "As-salamu Alaika wa Rahmatu-l-lahi" (i.e. Peace and Allah's Mercy be upon you). Thus the angels added to Adam's salutation the expression, 'Wa Rahmatu-l-lahi,' Any person who will enter Paradise will resemble Adam (in appearance and figure). People have been decreasing in stature since Adam's creation.}}
==Astronomy==
==Astronomy==


===The sun goes under Allah's chair===
===The sun goes under Allah's chair===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|421}}| Narrated Abu Dhar:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3199|darussalam}}| Narrated Abu Dhar:
The Prophet asked me at sunset, "Do you know where the sun goes (at the time of sunset)?" I replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." He said, "It goes (i.e. travels) till it prostrates Itself underneath the Throne and takes the permission to rise again, and it is permitted and then (a time will come when) it will be about to prostrate itself but its prostration will not be accepted, and it will ask permission to go on its course but it will not be permitted, but it will be ordered to return whence it has come and so it will rise in the west. }}
The Prophet asked me at sunset, "Do you know where the sun goes (at the time of sunset)?" I replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." He said, "It goes (i.e. travels) till it prostrates Itself underneath the Throne and takes the permission to rise again, and it is permitted and then (a time will come when) it will be about to prostrate itself but its prostration will not be accepted, and it will ask permission to go on its course but it will not be permitted, but it will be ordered to return whence it has come and so it will rise in the west. }}


===The sun prostrates===
===The sun prostrates===


{{Quote|{{muslim|1|297}}|It is narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) one day said: Do you know where the sun goes? They replied: Allah and His Apostle know best. He (the Holy Prophet) observed: Verily it '''the Sun glides till it reaches its resting place under the Throne. Then it falls prostrate''' and remains there until it is asked: Rise up and go to the place whence you came, and it goes back and continues emerging out from its rising place and then glides till it reaches its place of rest under the Throne and falls prostrate and remains in that state until it is asked: Rise up and return to the place whence you came, and it returns and emerges out from it rising place and the it glides (in such a normal way) that the people do not discern anything ( unusual in it) till it reaches its resting place under the Throne. Then it would be said to it: Rise up and emerge out from the place of your setting, and it will rise from the place of its setting. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said. Do you know when it would happen? It would happen at the time when faith will not benefit one who has not previously believed or has derived no good from the faith.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim||159a|reference}}|It is narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) one day said: Do you know where the sun goes? They replied: Allah and His Apostle know best. He (the Holy Prophet) observed: Verily it '''the Sun glides till it reaches its resting place under the Throne. Then it falls prostrate''' and remains there until it is asked: Rise up and go to the place whence you came, and it goes back and continues emerging out from its rising place and then glides till it reaches its place of rest under the Throne and falls prostrate and remains in that state until it is asked: Rise up and return to the place whence you came, and it returns and emerges out from it rising place and the it glides (in such a normal way) that the people do not discern anything ( unusual in it) till it reaches its resting place under the Throne. Then it would be said to it: Rise up and emerge out from the place of your setting, and it will rise from the place of its setting. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said. Do you know when it would happen? It would happen at the time when faith will not benefit one who has not previously believed or has derived no good from the faith.}}


===The sun rises between the horns of Satan===
===The sun rises between the horns of Satan===
{{Quote|{{muslim|4|1807}}|Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Do not intend to observe prayer at the time of the rising of the sun nor at its setting, for it rises between the horns of Satan.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim||828b|reference}}|Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Do not intend to observe prayer at the time of the rising of the sun nor at its setting, for it rises between the horns of Satan.}}


=== The sun sets in a muddy spring ===
=== The sun sets in a muddy spring ===
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|31|3991}}|Narrated Abu Dharr: I was sitting behind the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who was riding a donkey while the sun was setting. He asked: Do you know where this sets ? I replied: Allah and his Apostle know best. He said: It sets in a spring of warm water (Hamiyah).}}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||4002|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Dharr: I was sitting behind the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who was riding a donkey while the sun was setting. He asked: Do you know where this sets ? I replied: Allah and his Apostle know best. He said: It sets in a spring of warm water (Hamiyah).}}


===The moon has light===
===The moon has light===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|422}}|  Narrated Abu Huraira:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3200|darussalam}}|  Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "The sun and the moon will be folded up deprived of their light on the Day of Resurrection." }}
The Prophet said, "The sun and the moon will be folded up deprived of their light on the Day of Resurrection." }}


===Eclipses occur to scare humankind===
===Eclipses occur to scare humankind===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|18|158}}|  Narrated Abu Bakra: Allah's Apostle said: "The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the signs of Allah and they do not eclipse because of the death of someone but Allah frightens His devotees with them."  }}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||1048|darussalam}}|  Narrated Abu Bakra: Allah's Apostle said: "The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the signs of Allah and they do not eclipse because of the death of someone but Allah frightens His devotees with them."  }}


===There are giant goats in space===
===There are giant goats in space===


{{Quote|{{Abudawud|40|4705}}|
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||4723|darussalam}}|
Narrated Al-Abbas ibn AbdulMuttalib:
Narrated Al-Abbas ibn AbdulMuttalib:
I was sitting in al-Batha with a company among whom the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) was sitting, when a cloud passed above them.
I was sitting in al-Batha with a company among whom the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) was sitting, when a cloud passed above them.
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===Saying "Allah willing" during sex guarantees a male child===
===Saying "Allah willing" during sex guarantees a male child===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|74}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Once Solomon, son of David said, '(By Allah) Tonight I will have sexual intercourse with one hundred (or ninety-nine) women each of whom will give birth to a knight who will fight in Allah's Cause.' On that a (i.e. if Allah wills) but he did not say, 'Allah willing [''inshaAllah''].' Therefore only one of those women conceived and gave birth to a half-man. By Him in Whose Hands Muhammad's life is, if he had said, "Allah willing', (he would have begotten sons) all of whom would have been knights striving in Allah's Cause."}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||2819|darussalam}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Once Solomon, son of David said, '(By Allah) Tonight I will have sexual intercourse with one hundred (or ninety-nine) women each of whom will give birth to a knight who will fight in Allah's Cause.' On that a (i.e. if Allah wills) but he did not say, 'Allah willing [''inshaAllah''].' Therefore only one of those women conceived and gave birth to a half-man. By Him in Whose Hands Muhammad's life is, if he had said, "Allah willing', (he would have begotten sons) all of whom would have been knights striving in Allah's Cause."}}


===Embryology===
===Embryology===
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According to the hadith, the embryo spends 40 days as a drop of sperm, 40 days as a clot, and then 40 days as a piece of flesh. By contrast, modern science has revealed that by day 56 the fetus is essentially a complete, though tiny, human being with all organ systems in place, and all tissues developed.
According to the hadith, the embryo spends 40 days as a drop of sperm, 40 days as a clot, and then 40 days as a piece of flesh. By contrast, modern science has revealed that by day 56 the fetus is essentially a complete, though tiny, human being with all organ systems in place, and all tissues developed.


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|430}}, See also: {{Bukhari|4|55|549}}, {{Bukhari|8|77|593}}, {{Bukhari|9|93|546}}, and {{Muslim|33|6390}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin Mus'ud:  
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3208|darussalam}}, See also: {{Bukhari|||3332|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||6594|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||7454|darussalam}}, and {{Muslim||2643a|reference}}|Narrated 'Abdullah bin Mus'ud:  


“Allah's Apostle, the true and truly inspired said, "(The matter of the Creation of) a human being is put together in the womb of the mother in forty days, and then he becomes a clot of thick blood for a similar period, and then a piece of flesh for a similar period.”}}
“Allah's Apostle, the true and truly inspired said, "(The matter of the Creation of) a human being is put together in the womb of the mother in forty days, and then he becomes a clot of thick blood for a similar period, and then a piece of flesh for a similar period.”}}
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The hadith also hold that the embryo is neither male nor female until after the clot phase is reached. By contrast, modern genetics has revealed that the gender of a baby is determined at the moment of conception.
The hadith also hold that the embryo is neither male nor female until after the clot phase is reached. By contrast, modern genetics has revealed that the gender of a baby is determined at the moment of conception.


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|77|594}}, See also: {{Bukhari|4|55|550}}, and {{Muslim|33|6397}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik:  
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||6595|darussalam}}, See also: {{Bukhari|||3333|darussalam}}, and {{Muslim||2646|reference}}|Narrated Anas bin Malik:  


“The Prophet said, "Allah puts an angel in charge of the uterus and the angel says, 'O Lord, (it is) semen! O Lord, (it is now) a clot! O Lord, (it is now) a piece of flesh.' And then, if Allah wishes to complete its creation, the angel asks, 'O Lord, (will it be) a male or a female?”}}
“The Prophet said, "Allah puts an angel in charge of the uterus and the angel says, 'O Lord, (it is) semen! O Lord, (it is now) a clot! O Lord, (it is now) a piece of flesh.' And then, if Allah wishes to complete its creation, the angel asks, 'O Lord, (will it be) a male or a female?”}}
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====Discharge order determines sex====
====Discharge order determines sex====
The hadith state that the child will inherit the gender of that parent which 'discharges first' during intercourse. Modern genetics, by contrast, has revealed that the order of discharge does not affect the child's gender.
The hadith state that the child will inherit the gender of that parent which 'discharges first' during intercourse. Modern genetics, by contrast, has revealed that the order of discharge does not affect the child's gender.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|546}}|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3329|darussalam}}|
Narrated Anas: When 'Abdullah bin Salam heard the arrival of the Prophet at Medina, he came to him and said, "I am going to ask you about three things which nobody knows except a prophet:  
Narrated Anas: When 'Abdullah bin Salam heard the arrival of the Prophet at Medina, he came to him and said, "I am going to ask you about three things which nobody knows except a prophet:  
1)What is the first portent of the Hour?
1)What is the first portent of the Hour?
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The hadith state that 'nobody knows what is in the womb'. Modern technology, however, has enabled doctors to look into the womb in great detail.
The hadith state that 'nobody knows what is in the womb'. Modern technology, however, has enabled doctors to look into the womb in great detail.


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|17|149}}|  Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) said, "Keys of the unseen knowledge are five which nobody knows but Allah . . . nobody knows what will happen tomorrow; nobody knows what is in the womb; nobody knows what he will gain tomorrow; nobody knows at what place he will die; and nobody knows when it will rain." }}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||1039|darussalam}}|  Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) said, "Keys of the unseen knowledge are five which nobody knows but Allah . . . nobody knows what will happen tomorrow; nobody knows what is in the womb; nobody knows what he will gain tomorrow; nobody knows at what place he will die; and nobody knows when it will rain." }}


===Babies cry at birth because Satan touches them===
===Babies cry at birth because Satan touches them===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|506}}| Narrated Abu Huraira:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3286|darussalam}}| Narrated Abu Huraira:


'''The Prophet said, “When any human being is born. Satan touches him at both sides of the body with his two fingers''', except Jesus, the son of Mary, whom Satan tried to touch but failed, for he touched the placenta-cover instead.”|}}
'''The Prophet said, “When any human being is born. Satan touches him at both sides of the body with his two fingers''', except Jesus, the son of Mary, whom Satan tried to touch but failed, for he touched the placenta-cover instead.”|}}
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{{Quote|2=Narrated Sa`id bin Al-Musaiyab:
{{Quote|2=Narrated Sa`id bin Al-Musaiyab:


Abu Huraira said, "I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, 'There is none born among the off-spring of Adam, but Satan touches it. '''A child therefore, cries loudly at the time of birth because of the touch of Satan, except Mary and her child.'''" Then Abu Huraira recited: "And I seek refuge with You for her and for her offspring from the outcast Satan" (3.36)|{{Bukhari|4|55|641}}}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|506}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:
Abu Huraira said, "I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, 'There is none born among the off-spring of Adam, but Satan touches it. '''A child therefore, cries loudly at the time of birth because of the touch of Satan, except Mary and her child.'''" Then Abu Huraira recited: "And I seek refuge with You for her and for her offspring from the outcast Satan" (3.36)|{{Bukhari|||3431|darussalam}}}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3286|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:


The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "When any human being is born. Satan touches him at both sides of the body with his two fingers, '''except Jesus, the son of Mary, whom Satan tried to touch but failed, for he touched the placenta-cover instead'''."}}
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "When any human being is born. Satan touches him at both sides of the body with his two fingers, '''except Jesus, the son of Mary, whom Satan tried to touch but failed, for he touched the placenta-cover instead'''."}}
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===Birth marks are caused by the evil eye===
===Birth marks are caused by the evil eye===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|635}}| Narrated Um Salama:  
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||5739|darussalam}}| Narrated Um Salama:  
that the Prophet saw in her house a girl whose face had a black spot. He said. "She is under the effect of an evil eye; so treat her with a Ruqya." }}
that the Prophet saw in her house a girl whose face had a black spot. He said. "She is under the effect of an evil eye; so treat her with a Ruqya." }}


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The hadith state that Satan causes people to yawn. By contrast, modern science has revealed that yawning occurs when one's blood contains an increased amount of carbon dioxide.  
The hadith state that Satan causes people to yawn. By contrast, modern science has revealed that yawning occurs when one's blood contains an increased amount of carbon dioxide.  


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|509}}| “Narrated Abu Huraira:  The Prophet said, "Yawning is from Satan and if anyone of you yawns, he should check his yawning as much as possible, for if anyone of you (during the act of yawning) should say: 'Ha', Satan will laugh at him."}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3289|darussalam}}| “Narrated Abu Huraira:  The Prophet said, "Yawning is from Satan and if anyone of you yawns, he should check his yawning as much as possible, for if anyone of you (during the act of yawning) should say: 'Ha', Satan will laugh at him."}}


===Satan sleeps in one's nose at night===
===Satan sleeps in one's nose at night===


{{Quote|{{Muslim|2|462}}|Abu Huraira reported: The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said. When any one of you awakes up from sleep and performs ablution, he must clean his nose three times, for the devil spends the night in the interior of his nose.}}  
{{Quote|{{Muslim||238|reference}}|Abu Huraira reported: The Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) said. When any one of you awakes up from sleep and performs ablution, he must clean his nose three times, for the devil spends the night in the interior of his nose.}}  


===Oversleeping is caused by Satan urinating in one's ear===
===Oversleeping is caused by Satan urinating in one's ear===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|21|245}}|Narrated 'Abdullah :  
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||1144|darussalam}}|Narrated 'Abdullah :  


A person was mentioned before the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and he was told that he had kept on sleeping till morning and had not got up for the prayer. The Prophet said, "Satan urinated in his ears."}}
A person was mentioned before the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and he was told that he had kept on sleeping till morning and had not got up for the prayer. The Prophet said, "Satan urinated in his ears."}}
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===Non-Muslims have and use seven intestines===
===Non-Muslims have and use seven intestines===


{{Quote|{{Muslim|23|5113}}, {{Muwatta|49||9}}, &{{Muwatta|49||10}}|Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying that a non-Muslim eats in seven intestines whereas a Muslim eats in one intestine.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2060a|reference}}, {{Muwatta|49||9}}, &{{Muwatta|49||10}}|Ibn 'Umar reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying that a non-Muslim eats in seven intestines whereas a Muslim eats in one intestine.}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|23|5120}}|Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) invited a non-Muslim. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded that a goat be milked for him. It was milked and he drank its milk. Then the second one was milked and he drank its milk, and then the other one was milked and he drank its milk. till he drank the milk of seven goats. On the next morning he embraced Islam. And Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded that a goat should be milked for him and he drank its milk and then another was milked but he did not finish it, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: A believer drinks In one intestine whereas a non-believer drinks in seven intestines.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2063|reference}}|Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) invited a non-Muslim. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded that a goat be milked for him. It was milked and he drank its milk. Then the second one was milked and he drank its milk, and then the other one was milked and he drank its milk. till he drank the milk of seven goats. On the next morning he embraced Islam. And Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) commanded that a goat should be milked for him and he drank its milk and then another was milked but he did not finish it, whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: A believer drinks In one intestine whereas a non-believer drinks in seven intestines.}}


===Women are deficient in intelligence===
===Women are deficient in intelligence===
{{Main|Women's Intelligence and the Islamic Tradition}}
{{Main|Women's Intelligence and the Islamic Tradition}}
The hadith maintain that women are less intelligent than men, the reason given or this is that as a punishment for Eve's transgressions in the garden and 'betrayal of her husband', Allah decided to make women menstruate, suffer pregnancy, and lose out on intelligence. Modern science, however, has revealed no such universal deficiency in women's intelligence. Indeed, some of the smartest and most accomplished people in the world are women (e.g. Patricia Crone).{{quote | {{Bukhari|3|48|826}}, See also: {{Bukhari|2|24|541}}, and {{Bukhari|1|6|301}}|Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri
The hadith maintain that women are less intelligent than men, the reason given or this is that as a punishment for Eve's transgressions in the garden and 'betrayal of her husband', Allah decided to make women menstruate, suffer pregnancy, and lose out on intelligence. Modern science, however, has revealed no such universal deficiency in women's intelligence. Indeed, some of the smartest and most accomplished people in the world are women (e.g. Patricia Crone).{{quote | {{Bukhari|||2658|darussalam}}, See also: {{Bukhari|||1462|darussalam}}, and {{Bukhari|||304|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri


The Prophet said, "Isn't the witness of a woman equal to half of that of a man?" The women said, "Yes." He said, "This is because of the deficiency of a woman's mind." }}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|611}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Isn't the witness of a woman equal to half of that of a man?" The women said, "Yes." He said, "This is because of the deficiency of a woman's mind." }}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3399|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Huraira:


The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Were it not for Bani Israel, meat would not decay; and were it not for Eve, no woman would ever betray her husband."}}{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 280-281}}|His Lord called out to him: Adam, is it from Me that you are fleeing? Adam replied: No, my Lord, but I feel shame before You. When God asked what had caused his trouble, he replied: Eve, My Lord. Whereupon God said: Now it is My obligation to make her bleed once every month, as she made this tree bleed. I also must make her stupid, although I created her intelligent ''(halimah),'' and must make her suffer pregnancy. Ibn Zayd continued: Were it not for the affliction that affected Eve, the women of this world would not menstruate, and they would be intelligent and, when pregnant, give birth easily.}}
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Were it not for Bani Israel, meat would not decay; and were it not for Eve, no woman would ever betray her husband."}}{{Quote|{{Tabari|1|pp. 280-281}}|His Lord called out to him: Adam, is it from Me that you are fleeing? Adam replied: No, my Lord, but I feel shame before You. When God asked what had caused his trouble, he replied: Eve, My Lord. Whereupon God said: Now it is My obligation to make her bleed once every month, as she made this tree bleed. I also must make her stupid, although I created her intelligent ''(halimah),'' and must make her suffer pregnancy. Ibn Zayd continued: Were it not for the affliction that affected Eve, the women of this world would not menstruate, and they would be intelligent and, when pregnant, give birth easily.}}
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===Spinal bone does not decay===
===Spinal bone does not decay===
The hadith state that the 'spinal bone' does not decay. Modern science, by contrast, has revealed that where as the rate at which different types of bones decay differs, all bones do in fact decay.
The hadith state that the 'spinal bone' does not decay. Modern science, by contrast, has revealed that where as the rate at which different types of bones decay differs, all bones do in fact decay.
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|7057}}|Abu Huraira reported so many ahadith from Allah's Apostle and amongst these one was this that Allah's Messenger said: '''There is a bone in the human being which the earth would never consume''' and it is from this that new bodies would be reconstituted (on the Day of Resurrection). They said: Allah's Messenger, which bone is that? Thereupon he said: '''It is the spinal bone.'''}}Some translations of this hadith opt for "coccyx" instead of "spinal bone".
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2955c|reference}}|Abu Huraira reported so many ahadith from Allah's Apostle and amongst these one was this that Allah's Messenger said: '''There is a bone in the human being which the earth would never consume''' and it is from this that new bodies would be reconstituted (on the Day of Resurrection). They said: Allah's Messenger, which bone is that? Thereupon he said: '''It is the spinal bone.'''}}Some translations of this hadith opt for "coccyx" instead of "spinal bone".


===Different races are made of different types of earth===
===Different races are made of different types of earth===
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=== Coitus interruptus, the 'pull-out' method of contraception has no effect ===
=== Coitus interruptus, the 'pull-out' method of contraception has no effect ===
These hadith state that men should not pull out of their slave/captive girls to prevent pregnancy, as God has already decided who will come into existence. While apologists might argue there is pre-destination in this ''(see: [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]])'', this would essentially render all actions pointless in this context, including whether they pulled out or not. However this method (''coitus interruptus)'' is a clearly statistically proven method of reducing the chances of pregnancy,<ref>''[https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/pull-out-withdrawal Pull Out Method (Withdrawal). WebMD article.]'' Medically Reviewed by Traci C. Johnson, MD on August 08, 2022. Written by Stephanie Langmaid.</ref> hence why it was recognised long before modern birth control methods, making this an erroneous statement that would not be accepted in modern medicine.
These hadith state that men should not pull out of their slave/captive girls to prevent pregnancy, as God has already decided who will come into existence. While apologists might argue there is pre-destination in this ''(see: [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Predestination]])'', this would essentially render all actions pointless in this context, including whether they pulled out or not. However this method (''coitus interruptus)'' is a clearly statistically proven method of reducing the chances of pregnancy,<ref>''[https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/pull-out-withdrawal Pull Out Method (Withdrawal). WebMD article.]'' Medically Reviewed by Traci C. Johnson, MD on August 08, 2022. Written by Stephanie Langmaid.</ref> hence why it was recognised long before modern birth control methods, making this an erroneous statement that would not be accepted in modern medicine.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|432}}|Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri: that while he was sitting with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) he said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! We get female captives as our share of booty, and we are interested in their prices, what is your opinion about coitus interrupt us?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Do you really do that? It is better for you not to do it. No soul that which Allah has destined to exist, but will surely come into existence.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||2229|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri: that while he was sitting with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) he said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! We get female captives as our share of booty, and we are interested in their prices, what is your opinion about coitus interrupt us?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Do you really do that? It is better for you not to do it. No soul that which Allah has destined to exist, but will surely come into existence.}}
See also {{Bukhari|3|46|718}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|459}}, and {{Bukhari|9|93|506}}. More are listed in [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl|''Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl'']]
See also {{Bukhari|||2542|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||4138|darussalam}}, and {{Bukhari|||7409|darussalam}}. More are listed in [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl|''Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Al-'Azl'']]


=== Meat would not decay if not for Bani Isra'il ===
=== Meat would not decay if not for Bani Isra'il ===
Microbial growth, oxidation and enzymatic autolysis are the three basic mechanisms responsible for the spoilage of meat. In addition to lipid oxidation and enzyme reactions, meat spoilage is almost always caused by microbial growth, which has existed essentially since animals with 'meat' began<ref>Iulietto, M. F., Sechi, P., Borgogni, E., & Cenci-Goga, B. T. (2015). Meat Spoilage: A Critical Review of a Neglected Alteration Due to Ropy Slime Producing Bacteria. ''Italian Journal of Animal Science'', ''14''(3). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2015.4011</nowiki></ref> (this is hundred of millions of years before humans even appear,<ref>''[https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-06-28-new-oxford-study-sheds-light-origin-animals#:~:text=Credit%3A%20Lidya%20Tarhan.,gradual%20pace%20of%20evolutionary%20change. New Oxford study sheds light on the origin of animals.]'' University of Oxford. 2023.</ref> let alone Jews, and completely unrelated to humans). Yet Muhammad states the cause of this is due to Israeli's/Jews.
Microbial growth, oxidation and enzymatic autolysis are the three basic mechanisms responsible for the spoilage of meat. In addition to lipid oxidation and enzyme reactions, meat spoilage is almost always caused by microbial growth, which has existed essentially since animals with 'meat' began<ref>Iulietto, M. F., Sechi, P., Borgogni, E., & Cenci-Goga, B. T. (2015). Meat Spoilage: A Critical Review of a Neglected Alteration Due to Ropy Slime Producing Bacteria. ''Italian Journal of Animal Science'', ''14''(3). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2015.4011</nowiki></ref> (this is hundred of millions of years before humans even appear,<ref>''[https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-06-28-new-oxford-study-sheds-light-origin-animals#:~:text=Credit%3A%20Lidya%20Tarhan.,gradual%20pace%20of%20evolutionary%20change. New Oxford study sheds light on the origin of animals.]'' University of Oxford. 2023.</ref> let alone Jews, and completely unrelated to humans). Yet Muhammad states the cause of this is due to Israeli's/Jews.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|55|547}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "But for the Israelis, meat would not decay and but for Eve, wives would never betray their husbands."}}{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3472}}|Hammam b. Munabbih said: These are some of the ahadith which Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), and one of these (this one): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: Had it not been for Bani Isra'il, food would not have become stale, and meal would not have gone bad; and had it not been for Eve, a woman would never have acted unfaithfully toward her husband.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3330|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "But for the Israelis, meat would not decay and but for Eve, wives would never betray their husbands."}}{{Quote|{{Muslim||1470b|reference}}|Hammam b. Munabbih said: These are some of the ahadith which Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) narrated to us from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), and one of these (this one): Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: Had it not been for Bani Isra'il, food would not have become stale, and meal would not have gone bad; and had it not been for Eve, a woman would never have acted unfaithfully toward her husband.}}


=== The heart the literal place of belief ===
=== The heart the literal place of belief ===
As the Qur'an affirms the ancient cardio-centric biological view (''see: [[Scientific Errors in the Quran#Functions of the heart (cardiocentrism)]]''), where the heart is the seat of the mind and soul, responsible for human understanding,<ref>''qalb |'' Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (pp. 578 - 587). Princeton University Press.</ref> as did contemporary authors.<ref>Decharneux, Julien. Creation and Contemplation: [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110794083/html?lang=en The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background] (Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East Book 47) ''(3.1 The role of the heart pp. 92 - 105 & pp. 67)''. De Gruyter. 2023.</ref> This idea seems to continue in the hadith with Muhammad reporting on his night journey (''see: [[Buraq]]'') that his heart was literally cut out of his body with a knife, then washed, and put back in with belief.  
As the Qur'an affirms the ancient cardio-centric biological view (''see: [[Scientific Errors in the Quran#Functions of the heart (cardiocentrism)]]''), where the heart is the seat of the mind and soul, responsible for human understanding,<ref>''qalb |'' Sinai, Nicolai. Key Terms of the Qur'an: A Critical Dictionary (pp. 578 - 587). Princeton University Press.</ref> as did contemporary authors.<ref>Decharneux, Julien. Creation and Contemplation: [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110794083/html?lang=en The Cosmology of the Qur'ān and Its Late Antique Background] (Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East Book 47) ''(3.1 The role of the heart pp. 92 - 105 & pp. 67)''. De Gruyter. 2023.</ref> This idea seems to continue in the hadith with Muhammad reporting on his night journey (''see: [[Buraq]]'') that his heart was literally cut out of his body with a knife, then washed, and put back in with belief.  
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|227}}|Malik bin Sasaa said that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) described to them his Night Journey saying, "While I was lying in Al-Hatim or Al-Hijr, suddenly someone came to me and cut my body open from here to here." I asked Al-Jarud who was by my side, "What does he mean?" He said, "It means from his throat to his pubic area," or said, "From the top of the chest." The Prophet (ﷺ) further said, "He then took out my heart. Then a gold tray of Belief was brought to me and my heart was washed and was filled (with Belief) and then returned to its original place...}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3887|darussalam}}|Malik bin Sasaa said that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) described to them his Night Journey saying, "While I was lying in Al-Hatim or Al-Hijr, suddenly someone came to me and cut my body open from here to here." I asked Al-Jarud who was by my side, "What does he mean?" He said, "It means from his throat to his pubic area," or said, "From the top of the chest." The Prophet (ﷺ) further said, "He then took out my heart. Then a gold tray of Belief was brought to me and my heart was washed and was filled (with Belief) and then returned to its original place...}}


==Geology and Meteorology==
==Geology and Meteorology==
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===Nile and Euphrates flow from heaven===
===Nile and Euphrates flow from heaven===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|227}}|Narrated Abbas bin Malik: ...So when I went (over the seventh heaven), there I saw Abraham. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is your father; pay your greetings to him.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.' Then I was made to ascend to Sidrat-ul-Muntaha (i.e. the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary) Behold! Its fruits were like the jars of Hajr (i.e. a place near Medina) and its leaves were as big as the ears of elephants. Gabriel said, 'This is the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary) . Behold ! There ran four rivers, two were hidden and two were visible, I asked, 'What are these two kinds of rivers, O Gabriel?' He replied,' As for the hidden rivers, they are two rivers in Paradise and the visible rivers are the Nile and the Euphrates.'...}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3887|darussalam}}|Narrated Abbas bin Malik: ...So when I went (over the seventh heaven), there I saw Abraham. Gabriel said (to me), 'This is your father; pay your greetings to him.' So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said, 'You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.' Then I was made to ascend to Sidrat-ul-Muntaha (i.e. the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary) Behold! Its fruits were like the jars of Hajr (i.e. a place near Medina) and its leaves were as big as the ears of elephants. Gabriel said, 'This is the Lote Tree of the utmost boundary) . Behold ! There ran four rivers, two were hidden and two were visible, I asked, 'What are these two kinds of rivers, O Gabriel?' He replied,' As for the hidden rivers, they are two rivers in Paradise and the visible rivers are the Nile and the Euphrates.'...}}


=== There is a mountain of gold under the river Euphrates that would soon be uncovered ===
=== There is a mountain of gold under the river Euphrates that would soon be uncovered ===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|235}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Soon the river "Euphrates" will disclose the treasure (the mountain) of gold, so whoever will be present at that time should not take anything of it." Al-A'raj narrated from Abii Huraira that the Prophet (ﷺ) said the same but he said, "It (Euphrates) will uncover a mountain of gold (under it).}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||7119|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Soon the river "Euphrates" will disclose the treasure (the mountain) of gold, so whoever will be present at that time should not take anything of it." Al-A'raj narrated from Abii Huraira that the Prophet (ﷺ) said the same but he said, "It (Euphrates) will uncover a mountain of gold (under it).}}
See also: {{Abu Dawud|38|4299}} and {{Al Tirmidhi|12|4|12|2569}}.
See also: {{Abu Dawud||4313|darussalam}} and {{Al Tirmidhi|12|4|12|2569}}.


===Thunder is an angel driving clouds===
===Thunder is an angel driving clouds===
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===The heat of noon rises from Hell===
===The heat of noon rises from Hell===


{{quote |{{Bukhari|1|10|513}}| Narrated Abu Sa'id: that Allah's Apostle said, "Pray Zuhr prayer when it becomes (a bit) cooler as the severity of heat is from the raging of the Hell-fire." }}
{{quote |{{Bukhari|||538|darussalam}}| Narrated Abu Sa'id: that Allah's Apostle said, "Pray Zuhr prayer when it becomes (a bit) cooler as the severity of heat is from the raging of the Hell-fire." }}


===No one knows when it will rain===
===No one knows when it will rain===
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The hadith maintain that no one knows when it will rain. Modern technology and meteorology, however, have enabled humans to predict the weather.
The hadith maintain that no one knows when it will rain. Modern technology and meteorology, however, have enabled humans to predict the weather.


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|2|17|149}}|  Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) said, "Keys of the unseen knowledge are five which nobody knows but Allah . . . nobody knows what will happen tomorrow; nobody knows what is in the womb; nobody knows what he will gain tomorrow; nobody knows at what place he will die; and nobody knows when it will rain." }}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||1039|darussalam}}|  Narrated Ibn 'Umar: Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) said, "Keys of the unseen knowledge are five which nobody knows but Allah . . . nobody knows what will happen tomorrow; nobody knows what is in the womb; nobody knows what he will gain tomorrow; nobody knows at what place he will die; and nobody knows when it will rain." }}


===Najd earthquakes are accompanied by Satan's head===
===Najd earthquakes are accompanied by Satan's head===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|9|88|214}}|
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||7094|darussalam}}|
Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Prophet said, "O Allah! Bestow Your blessings on our Sham! O Allah! Bestow Your blessings on our Yemen." The People said, "And also on our Najd." He said, "O Allah! Bestow Your blessings on our Sham (north)! O Allah! Bestow Your blessings on our Yemen." The people said, "O Allah's Apostle! And also on our Najd." I think the third time the Prophet said, "There (in Najd) is the place of earthquakes and afflictions and from there comes out the side of the head of Satan."}}
Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Prophet said, "O Allah! Bestow Your blessings on our Sham! O Allah! Bestow Your blessings on our Yemen." The People said, "And also on our Najd." He said, "O Allah! Bestow Your blessings on our Sham (north)! O Allah! Bestow Your blessings on our Yemen." The people said, "O Allah's Apostle! And also on our Najd." I think the third time the Prophet said, "There (in Najd) is the place of earthquakes and afflictions and from there comes out the side of the head of Satan."}}


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===Looking at the sky during prayers causes blindness===
===Looking at the sky during prayers causes blindness===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|12|717}}| Narrated Anas bin Malik:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||750|darussalam}}| Narrated Anas bin Malik:
The Prophet said, "What is wrong with those people who look towards the sky during the prayer?" His talk grew stern while delivering this speech and he said, "They should stop (looking towards the sky during the prayer); otherwise their eye-sight would be taken away." }}
The Prophet said, "What is wrong with those people who look towards the sky during the prayer?" His talk grew stern while delivering this speech and he said, "They should stop (looking towards the sky during the prayer); otherwise their eye-sight would be taken away." }}


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===Fever is caused by the heat of hell===
===Fever is caused by the heat of hell===


{{quote |{{Bukhari|7|71|619}}, See also: {{Bukhari|7|71|620}}, {{Bukhari|7|71|621}}, and {{Bukhari|7|71|622}}| Narrated Nazi':
{{quote |{{Bukhari|||5723|darussalam}}, See also: {{Bukhari|||5724|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||5725|darussalam}}, and {{Bukhari|||5726|darussalam}}| Narrated Nazi':
Abdullah bin 'Umar said, "The Prophet said, ''''Fever is from the heat of Hell, so put it out (cool it) with water.'''' " Nafi' added: 'Abdullah used to say, "O Allah! Relieve us from the punishment," (when he suffered from fever).}}
Abdullah bin 'Umar said, "The Prophet said, ''''Fever is from the heat of Hell, so put it out (cool it) with water.'''' " Nafi' added: 'Abdullah used to say, "O Allah! Relieve us from the punishment," (when he suffered from fever).}}


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===Water is not polluted by dead dogs, menstrual clothes, etc.===
===Water is not polluted by dead dogs, menstrual clothes, etc.===


{{Quote|{{Abudawud|1|63}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:  
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||63|darussalam}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:  
The Prophet (peace be upon him), was asked about water (in desert country) and what is frequented by animals and wild beasts. He replied: When there is enough water to fill two pitchers, it bears no impurity.}}
The Prophet (peace be upon him), was asked about water (in desert country) and what is frequented by animals and wild beasts. He replied: When there is enough water to fill two pitchers, it bears no impurity.}}


{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|1|66}}|Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri: The people asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): '''Can we perform ablution out of the well of Buda'ah, which is a well into which menstrual clothes, dead dogs and stinking things were thrown? He replied: Water is pure and is not defiled by anything.'''|}}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||66|darussalam}}|Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri: The people asked the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): '''Can we perform ablution out of the well of Buda'ah, which is a well into which menstrual clothes, dead dogs and stinking things were thrown? He replied: Water is pure and is not defiled by anything.'''|}}


{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud|1|68}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:  
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||68|darussalam}}|Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:  
One of the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) took a bath from a large bowl. The Prophet (peace be upon him) wanted to perform ablution or take from the water left over. She said to him: O Prophet of Allah, verily I was sexually defiled. The Prophet said: Water not defiled.}}
One of the wives of the Prophet (peace be upon him) took a bath from a large bowl. The Prophet (peace be upon him) wanted to perform ablution or take from the water left over. She said to him: O Prophet of Allah, verily I was sexually defiled. The Prophet said: Water not defiled.}}


===Cleansing with dirt===
===Cleansing with dirt===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|7|334}}|Narated By 'Abdur Rahman bin Abza : A man came to 'Umar bin Al-Khattab and said, "I became Junub but no water was available." 'Ammar bin Yasir said to 'Umar, "Do you remember that you and I (became Junub while both of us) were together on a journey and you didn't pray but I rolled myself on the ground and prayed? I informed the Prophet about it and he said, 'It would have been sufficient for you to do like this.' The Prophet then stroked lightly the earth with his hands and then blew off the dust and passed his hands over his face and hands."}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||338|darussalam}}|Narated By 'Abdur Rahman bin Abza : A man came to 'Umar bin Al-Khattab and said, "I became Junub but no water was available." 'Ammar bin Yasir said to 'Umar, "Do you remember that you and I (became Junub while both of us) were together on a journey and you didn't pray but I rolled myself on the ground and prayed? I informed the Prophet about it and he said, 'It would have been sufficient for you to do like this.' The Prophet then stroked lightly the earth with his hands and then blew off the dust and passed his hands over his face and hands."}}


===Chess is like the innards of swine===
===Chess is like the innards of swine===


{{Quote|{{Muslim|28|5612}} |  Buraida reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: He who played chess is like one who dyed his hand with the flesh and blood of swine.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2260|reference}} |  Buraida reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: He who played chess is like one who dyed his hand with the flesh and blood of swine.}}


==History==
==History==


===Prophecies about Muhammad===
===Prophecies about Muhammad===
The hadith maintain that Muhammad was mentioned in the Torah and that Muhammad would not die until he made "straight the crooked people". However, Muhammad is not mentioned in the Torah, and crooked people appear to have persisted.{{Quote|{{Bukhari|3|34|335}}|Narrated Ata bin Yasar: I met `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As and asked him, "Tell me about the description of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) which is mentioned in Torah (i.e. Old Testament.") He replied, 'Yes. By Allah, '''he is described in Torah''' with some of the qualities attributed to him in the Qur'an as follows: "O Prophet ! We have sent you as a witness (for Allah's True religion) And a giver of glad tidings (to the faithful believers), And a warner (to the unbelievers) And guardian of the illiterates. You are My slave and My messenger (i.e. Apostle). I have named you "Al-Mutawakkil" (who depends upon Allah). You are neither discourteous, harsh Nor a noisemaker in the markets And you do not do evil to those Who do evil to you, but you deal With them with forgiveness and kindness. '''Allah will not let him (the Prophet) Die till he makes straight the crooked people by making them say: "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah,"''' With which will be opened blind eyes And deaf ears and enveloped hearts."}}
The hadith maintain that Muhammad was mentioned in the Torah and that Muhammad would not die until he made "straight the crooked people". However, Muhammad is not mentioned in the Torah, and crooked people appear to have persisted.{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||2125|darussalam}}|Narrated Ata bin Yasar: I met `Abdullah bin `Amr bin Al-`As and asked him, "Tell me about the description of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) which is mentioned in Torah (i.e. Old Testament.") He replied, 'Yes. By Allah, '''he is described in Torah''' with some of the qualities attributed to him in the Qur'an as follows: "O Prophet ! We have sent you as a witness (for Allah's True religion) And a giver of glad tidings (to the faithful believers), And a warner (to the unbelievers) And guardian of the illiterates. You are My slave and My messenger (i.e. Apostle). I have named you "Al-Mutawakkil" (who depends upon Allah). You are neither discourteous, harsh Nor a noisemaker in the markets And you do not do evil to those Who do evil to you, but you deal With them with forgiveness and kindness. '''Allah will not let him (the Prophet) Die till he makes straight the crooked people by making them say: "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah,"''' With which will be opened blind eyes And deaf ears and enveloped hearts."}}


===Plague in Medina===
===Plague in Medina===
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|isbn= 1315307413
|isbn= 1315307413
|author-link=
|author-link=
|date=9 April 2018}}</ref>{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|627}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Neither Messiah (Ad-Dajjal) nor plague will enter Medina."}}
|date=9 April 2018}}</ref>{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||5731|darussalam}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "Neither Messiah (Ad-Dajjal) nor plague will enter Medina."}}


===Muslims are the last people to arrive on Earth===
===Muslims are the last people to arrive on Earth===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|78|621}}|The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "We (Muslims) are the last in the world, but will be foremost on the Day of Resurrection."}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||6624|darussalam}}|The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "We (Muslims) are the last in the world, but will be foremost on the Day of Resurrection."}}


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|1|4|239}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "We (Muslims) are the last (people to come in the world) but (will be) the foremost (on the Day of Resurrection)."}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||238|darussalam}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "We (Muslims) are the last (people to come in the world) but (will be) the foremost (on the Day of Resurrection)."}}


=== Failed eschatological predictions ===
=== Failed eschatological predictions ===
These hadith state judgement day will fall at least within the generation after Muhammad's lifetime.
These hadith state judgement day will fall at least within the generation after Muhammad's lifetime.
{{Quote|{{Muslim|41|7052}}|When would the Last Hour come? Thereupon Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) kept quiet for a while. Then looked at a young boy in his presence belonging to the tribe of Azd Shanu'a and he said: If this boy lives he would not grow very old till the Last Hour would come to you. Anas said that this young boy was of our age during those days.}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|8|73|188}}|A bedouin came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! When will The Hour be established?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Wailaka (Woe to you), What have you prepared for it?" The bedouin said, "I have not prepared anything for it, except that I love Allah and his Apostle." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will be with those whom you love." We (the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) ) said, "And will we too be so? The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Yes." So we became very glad on that day. In the meantime, a slave of Al-Mughira passed by, and he was of the same age as I was. The Prophet (ﷺ) said. "If this (slave) should live long, he will not reach the geriatric old age, but the Hour will be established."}}The next hadith states it will not be established until Muslims fight the Jews, which appears to have happened since even during it's inception against the Jewish Tribe of Banu Qurayzah (''see: [[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayzah]]''), with more Islamic-Jewish violence throughout history, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1033_Fez_massacre 1033 Fez massacre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1066_Granada_massacre 1066 Granada massacre] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1834_looting_of_Safed 1834 looting of Safed.] As well as ongoing [https://www.britannica.com/event/Arab-Israeli-wars Israel-Palestine battles] - yet 'the hour' has not been established.
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2953b|reference}}|When would the Last Hour come? Thereupon Allah's Messenger (way peace be upon him) kept quiet for a while. Then looked at a young boy in his presence belonging to the tribe of Azd Shanu'a and he said: If this boy lives he would not grow very old till the Last Hour would come to you. Anas said that this young boy was of our age during those days.}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||6167|darussalam}}|A bedouin came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! When will The Hour be established?" The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Wailaka (Woe to you), What have you prepared for it?" The bedouin said, "I have not prepared anything for it, except that I love Allah and his Apostle." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You will be with those whom you love." We (the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) ) said, "And will we too be so? The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Yes." So we became very glad on that day. In the meantime, a slave of Al-Mughira passed by, and he was of the same age as I was. The Prophet (ﷺ) said. "If this (slave) should live long, he will not reach the geriatric old age, but the Hour will be established."}}It would happen within a century.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|52|177}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established until you fight with the Jews, and the stone behind which a Jew will be hiding will say. "O Muslim! There is a Jew hiding behind me, so kill him."}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2539|reference}}|Abu Sa'id reported that when Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) came back from Tabuk they (his Companions) asked about the Last Hour. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: There would be none amongst the created beings living on the earth (who would survive this century).}}
Muhammad has come with the hour:
 
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||6503|darussalam}}|Narrated Sahl: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "I have been sent and the Hour (is at hand) as these two," showing his two fingers and sticking (separating) them out.}}
 
See also {{Bukhari|||6504|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||6505|darussalam}} and {{Bukhari|||4936|darussalam}}
 
The next hadith states it will not be established until Muslims fight the Jews, which appears to have happened since even during it's inception against the Jewish Tribe of Banu Qurayzah (''see: [[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayzah]]''), with more Islamic-Jewish violence throughout history, such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1033_Fez_massacre 1033 Fez massacre], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1066_Granada_massacre 1066 Granada massacre] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1834_looting_of_Safed 1834 looting of Safed.] As well as ongoing [https://www.britannica.com/event/Arab-Israeli-wars Israel-Palestine battles] - yet 'the hour' has not been established.
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||2926|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The Hour will not be established until you fight with the Jews, and the stone behind which a Jew will be hiding will say. "O Muslim! There is a Jew hiding behind me, so kill him."}}There are also indirect references in the following hadith with Muhammad telling his current followers that they will see Jesus (who is not killed but rather ascended into heaven in the Islamic version of the story ({{Quran|4|157-158}})), return back to Earth, which is heavily associated with the end times in Islamic literature.<ref>[https://islamqa.info/en/answers/3221/did-jesus-come-back-down-to-earth-after-he-was-taken-up-or-not#:~:text=Jesus%20(peace%20be%20upon%20him)%20has%20not%20died%20yet%3B,the%20earth%20according%20to%20Islam. Did Jesus Come Back Down to Earth After he Was Taken up, or Not?]  2000. IslamQA.com</ref>{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||2222|darussalam}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is, son of Mary (Jesus) will shortly descend amongst you people (Muslims) as a just ruler and will break the Cross and kill the pig and abolish the Jizya (a tax taken from the non-Muslims, who are in the protection, of the Muslim government). Then there will be abundance of money and nobody will accept charitable gifts.}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3449|darussalam}}|Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said "How will you be when the son of Mary (i.e. Jesus) descends amongst you and your imam is among you."}}See also {{Bukhari|||2476|darussalam}} and {{Abu Dawud||4324|darussalam}}
 
Interesting a non-canonical Qu'ran variant also mentions Jesus's second coming as a sign of the hour. <ref>Neuwirth, Angelika. The Qur'an and Late Antiquity: A Shared Heritage (Oxford Studies in Late Antiquity) (pp. 299-300). Oxford University Press. Kindle Edition.
 
''The mention of the death of Jesus (Q 19:33) may ultimately, in view of the middle Meccan verse group Q 43:59–61 in which Jesus figures as “sign of the [final] hour,”<sup>89</sup> count not as a historical event but an eschatological one.''
 
(Ibid Kindle p p. 312)
 
''Footnote 89:. Instead of the canonical Qur’anic reading, ʿilmun li-l-sāʿati, “knowledge about the hour,” Jesus’s qualification should rather be read as ʿalamun li-l-sāʿati, “sign of the hour.” The non-canonical interpretation is ascribed to Ikrima; see Jeffery, Materials, 173.''</ref>


=== Year of the Elephant (and the battle's location) ===
=== Year of the Elephant (and the battle's location) ===
Line 295: Line 322:


===Camel urine as medicine===
===Camel urine as medicine===
{{Main|Camel Urine and Islam}}{{quote |{{Bukhari|7|71|590}}, See also: {{Bukhari|8|82|796}}, and {{Muslim|16|4130}}| Narrated Anas:  
{{Main|Camel Urine and Islam}}{{quote |{{Bukhari|||5686|darussalam}}, See also: {{Bukhari|||6804|darussalam}}, and {{Muslim||1671a|reference}}| Narrated Anas:  
The climate of Medina did not suit some people, so the Prophet ordered them to follow his shepherd, i.e. his camels, and drink their milk and urine (as a medicine)}}
The climate of Medina did not suit some people, so the Prophet ordered them to follow his shepherd, i.e. his camels, and drink their milk and urine (as a medicine)}}


===Black cumin cures all diseases===
===Black cumin cures all diseases===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|592}}, See also: {{Bukhari|7|71|591}}|Hold onto the use of the black seeds for in it is healing for all diseases except death}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||5688|darussalam}}, See also: {{Bukhari|||5687|darussalam}}|Hold onto the use of the black seeds for in it is healing for all diseases except death}}


===The wing of a housefly can cure disease===
===The wing of a housefly can cure disease===
{{Main|Diseases and Cures in the Wings of Houseflies}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|537}}|The Prophet said "If a house fly falls in the drink of anyone of you, he should dip it (in the drink), for one of its wings has a disease and the other has the cure for the disease }}
{{Main|Diseases and Cures in the Wings of Houseflies}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3320|darussalam}}|The Prophet said "If a house fly falls in the drink of anyone of you, he should dip it (in the drink), for one of its wings has a disease and the other has the cure for the disease }}


===Eating 7 dates can cure poison===
===Eating 7 dates can cure poison===


{{quote |{{Bukhari|7|65|356}}| Narrated Sad:  
{{quote |{{Bukhari|||5445|darussalam}}| Narrated Sad:  
Allah's Apostle said, "'''He who eats seven 'Ajwa dates every morning, will not be affected by poison or magic on the day he eats them.'''"}}
Allah's Apostle said, "'''He who eats seven 'Ajwa dates every morning, will not be affected by poison or magic on the day he eats them.'''"}}


===Drinking honey cures diarrhea===
===Drinking honey cures diarrhea===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|614}}|Narrated Abu Said: A man came to the prophet and said, 'My brother has got loose motions. The Prophet said, Let him drink honey." The man again (came) and said, 'I made him drink (honey) but that made him worse.' The Prophet said, ''''Allah has said the Truth, and the abdomen of your brother has told a lie.'''"}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||5716|darussalam}}|Narrated Abu Said: A man came to the prophet and said, 'My brother has got loose motions. The Prophet said, Let him drink honey." The man again (came) and said, 'I made him drink (honey) but that made him worse.' The Prophet said, ''''Allah has said the Truth, and the abdomen of your brother has told a lie.'''"}}


===Medicinal value in cupping===
===Medicinal value in cupping===


{{quote |{{Bukhari|7|71|600}}, See also: {{Bukhari|7|71|587}}, {{Bukhari|7|71|598}}, {{Bukhari|7|71|597}}, and {{Bukhari|7|71|595}}| Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:  
{{quote |{{Bukhari|||5697|darussalam}}, See also: {{Bukhari|||5683|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||5695|darussalam}}, {{Bukhari|||5694|darussalam}}, and {{Bukhari|||5691|darussalam}}| Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah:  
that he paid Al-Muqanna a visit during his illness and said, "I will not leave till he gets cupped, for I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "There is healing in cupping."}}
that he paid Al-Muqanna a visit during his illness and said, "I will not leave till he gets cupped, for I heard Allah's Apostle saying, "There is healing in cupping."}}


===Scorpion stings can be cured by a spell===
===Scorpion stings can be cured by a spell===
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|28|3875}}|Narrated Imran ibn Husayn:The Prophet said: No spell is to be used except for the evil eye or a scorpion sting.}}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||3884|darussalam}}|Narrated Imran ibn Husayn:The Prophet said: No spell is to be used except for the evil eye or a scorpion sting.}}


===Spells cure acne===
===Spells cure acne===
{{Quote|{{Abudawud|28|3878}}|Narrated Ash-Shifa', daughter of Abdullah: The Apostle of Allah entered when I was with Hafsah, and he said to me: Why do you not teach this one the spell for skin eruptions as you taught her writing.}}
{{Quote|{{Abu Dawud||3887|darussalam}}|Narrated Ash-Shifa', daughter of Abdullah: The Apostle of Allah entered when I was with Hafsah, and he said to me: Why do you not teach this one the spell for skin eruptions as you taught her writing.}}


===Truffle water cures eye disease===
===Truffle water cures eye disease===
The hadith maintain that water from truffles cures eye diseases. A singular Muslim scientist has published a paper that concludes that "water of truffles prevents the occurrence of fibrosis in cases of eye trachoma".<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=19|title=Truffles Healing the Eye |publisher= |author= Zaghloul El-Naggar|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnaggarzr.com%2Fen%2Fmain.php%3Fid%3D19&date=2014-04-05|deadurl=no}}</ref> There is no other scientific evidence that truffle water heals any number of eye diseases, of which there are more than a hundred known varieties, each having a different pathophysiology.<ref>See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eye_pathology here]</ref>{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|71|609}}|
The hadith maintain that water from truffles cures eye diseases. A singular Muslim scientist has published a paper that concludes that "water of truffles prevents the occurrence of fibrosis in cases of eye trachoma".<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.elnaggarzr.com/en/main.php?id=19|title=Truffles Healing the Eye |publisher= |author= Zaghloul El-Naggar|date= |archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnaggarzr.com%2Fen%2Fmain.php%3Fid%3D19&date=2014-04-05|deadurl=no}}</ref> There is no other scientific evidence that truffle water heals any number of eye diseases, of which there are more than a hundred known varieties, each having a different pathophysiology.<ref>See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Eye_pathology here]</ref>{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||5708|darussalam}}|
Narrated Said bin Zaid: I heard the Prophet saying, "Truffles are like Manna (i.e. they grow naturally without man's care) and their water heals eye diseases."}}
Narrated Said bin Zaid: I heard the Prophet saying, "Truffles are like Manna (i.e. they grow naturally without man's care) and their water heals eye diseases."}}
==Zoology==
==Zoology==


===Monkeys stone adulterers===
===Monkeys stone adulterers===
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|188}}|Narrated 'Amr bin Maimun: During the pre-lslamic period of ignorance I saw a she-monkey surrounded by a number of monkeys. They were all stoning it, because it had committed illegal sexual intercourse. I too, stoned it along with them.}}
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3849|darussalam}}|Narrated 'Amr bin Maimun: During the pre-lslamic period of ignorance I saw a she-monkey surrounded by a number of monkeys. They were all stoning it, because it had committed illegal sexual intercourse. I too, stoned it along with them.}}


===Black dogs are devils===
===Black dogs are devils===
Line 338: Line 365:
The hadith maintain that black dogs are devils.  Scientific research, by contrast, has shown that melanin, the pigment that causes darker shades of flesh, gives a foraging advantage, is heritable through a dominant gene, and is unrelated to anything having to do with demons.
The hadith maintain that black dogs are devils.  Scientific research, by contrast, has shown that melanin, the pigment that causes darker shades of flesh, gives a foraging advantage, is heritable through a dominant gene, and is unrelated to anything having to do with demons.


{{Quote|{{Muslim|4|1032}}|Abu Dharr reported: The Messenger of 'Allah (may peace be upon him) said: When any one of you stands for prayer and there is a thing before him equal to the back of the saddle that covers him and in case there is not before him (a thing) equal to the back of the saddle, his prayer would be cut off by (passing of an) ass, woman, and black Dog. I said: O Abu Dharr, what feature is there in a black dog which distinguish it from the red dog and the yellow dog? He said: O, son of my brother, I asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as you are asking me, and he said: '''The black dog is a devil'''.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim||510a|reference}}|Abu Dharr reported: The Messenger of 'Allah (may peace be upon him) said: When any one of you stands for prayer and there is a thing before him equal to the back of the saddle that covers him and in case there is not before him (a thing) equal to the back of the saddle, his prayer would be cut off by (passing of an) ass, woman, and black Dog. I said: O Abu Dharr, what feature is there in a black dog which distinguish it from the red dog and the yellow dog? He said: O, son of my brother, I asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) as you are asking me, and he said: '''The black dog is a devil'''.}}


===Crowing and braying is caused by demons===
===Crowing and braying is caused by demons===


{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|54|522}}, See also: {{Muslim|35|6581}}| Narrated Abu Huraira:
{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||3303|darussalam}}, See also: {{Muslim||2729|reference}}| Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "When you hear the crowing of cocks, ask for Allah's Blessings for (their crowing indicates that) they have seen an angel. And when you hear the braying of donkeys, seek Refuge with Allah from Satan for (their braying indicates) that they have seen a Satan." }}
The Prophet said, "When you hear the crowing of cocks, ask for Allah's Blessings for (their crowing indicates that) they have seen an angel. And when you hear the braying of donkeys, seek Refuge with Allah from Satan for (their braying indicates) that they have seen a Satan." }}


Line 348: Line 375:
===Muslim graves widen, non-Muslim graves constrict===
===Muslim graves widen, non-Muslim graves constrict===


{{Quote|{{Muslim|40|6862}}|Anas b. Malik reported Allah's Apostle having said: When the servant is placed in his grave and his companions retrace their steps arid he hears the noise of the footsteps, then two angels come to him and make him sit and say to him: What you have to say about this person (the Holy Prophet)? If he is believer, he would say: I bear testimony to the fact that he is a servant of Allah and His Messenger. Then it would be said to him: Look to your seat in the Hell- Fire, for Allah has substituted (the seat of yours) with a seat in Paradise. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: He would be shown both the seats. Qatada said: It was mentioned to us that '''his grave (the grave of a believer) expands to seventy cubits and is full with verdure until the Day when they would be resurrected.'''}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim||2870a|reference}}|Anas b. Malik reported Allah's Apostle having said: When the servant is placed in his grave and his companions retrace their steps arid he hears the noise of the footsteps, then two angels come to him and make him sit and say to him: What you have to say about this person (the Holy Prophet)? If he is believer, he would say: I bear testimony to the fact that he is a servant of Allah and His Messenger. Then it would be said to him: Look to your seat in the Hell- Fire, for Allah has substituted (the seat of yours) with a seat in Paradise. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: He would be shown both the seats. Qatada said: It was mentioned to us that '''his grave (the grave of a believer) expands to seventy cubits and is full with verdure until the Day when they would be resurrected.'''}}


{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/10/107 |title= Jami' al Tirmidhi Vol. 2, Book 5, Hadith 1071 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Abu Hurairah narrated that: The Messenger of Allah said: "When the deceased - or he said when one of you - is buried, two angels, black and blue (eyed_ come to him. One of them is called Al-Munkar, and the other An-Nakir. They say: 'What did you used to say about this man?' So he says what he was saying (before death) 'He is Allah's slave and His Messenger. I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger.' So they say: 'We knew that you would say this.' '''Then his grave is expanded to seventy by seventy cubits, then it is illuminated for him.''' Then it is said to him: 'Sleep.' So he said: 'Can I return to my family to inform them?' They say: 'Sleep as a newlywed, whom none awakens but the dearest of his family.' Until Allah resurrects him from his resting place.""If he was a hypocrite he would say: 'I heard people saying something, so I said the same; I do not know.' So they said: 'We knew you would say that.' '''So the earth is told: 'Constrict him.' So it constricts around him, squeezing his ribs together.''' He continues being punished like that until Allah resurrects him from his resting place."}}
{{Quote|{{cite web|url=http://sunnah.com/tirmidhi/10/107 |title= Jami' al Tirmidhi Vol. 2, Book 5, Hadith 1071 |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|Abu Hurairah narrated that: The Messenger of Allah said: "When the deceased - or he said when one of you - is buried, two angels, black and blue (eyed_ come to him. One of them is called Al-Munkar, and the other An-Nakir. They say: 'What did you used to say about this man?' So he says what he was saying (before death) 'He is Allah's slave and His Messenger. I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger.' So they say: 'We knew that you would say this.' '''Then his grave is expanded to seventy by seventy cubits, then it is illuminated for him.''' Then it is said to him: 'Sleep.' So he said: 'Can I return to my family to inform them?' They say: 'Sleep as a newlywed, whom none awakens but the dearest of his family.' Until Allah resurrects him from his resting place.""If he was a hypocrite he would say: 'I heard people saying something, so I said the same; I do not know.' So they said: 'We knew you would say that.' '''So the earth is told: 'Constrict him.' So it constricts around him, squeezing his ribs together.''' He continues being punished like that until Allah resurrects him from his resting place."}}
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