WikiIslam:Citing, Linking, and Quoting: Difference between revisions

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A citation, or reference, uniquely identifies a source of information. Citations are used to identify the [[WikiIslam:Reliable Sources|reliable sources]] on which all [[WikiIslam]] articles are based. They usually appear on pages in the form of footnotes and are indicated by a superscript number in a line of text.
This protocol explains where, when, and why editors must cite, link, and quote their sources. For source editing and how to use related templates please go to the [[WikiIslam:Source_Editing]] page.


==Ref Tags==
==Referencing in general==
Any claim or material that is likely to be challenged must be cited. All claims must be supported by scholarly sources and not reliant solely on reasoning provided by editors. Thus, for instance, a claim that Riadh is the capitol of modern-day Saudi Arabia needn't be cited since it is unlikely to be challenged, but it must be backable by an established academic source were such a challenge to arise (which it is). A claim that the original Qur'anic rasm did not have dots, on the other hand, may well be challenged by lay people, so such a claim requires an academic citation.


All statements of facts, especially those that are likely to be challenged, must be referenced using inline citations. A general list of references at the bottom of a page is of little use because they do not specify which particular statements they support.
All sources must be third-party published sources, and must avoid tabloid and unreliable sources. Sources must verify the claim being made,  and must not be copy-pasted from it unless it is being quoted. Cite in MLA or APA format when possible unless you are citing direct Islamic scriptures.


===Single Citation===
The standard method of citing in Wikiislam is with a footnote at the end of the sentence and after the punctuation where the claim it supports appears. More than one citation may be necessary if the claim is heavily disputed or controversial.
An example of a reference being made on a page:
{| border="1" cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0"
| This is how to provide inline citations.<ref>This is the reference text. [http://example.com/ Links can also be provided]</ref>
''(article text)''


''(more article text)''
'''Example of weak citing:'''


<big>'''References'''</big>
"Leaving his wife and children behind during the month of Ramadan, the now wealthy [[Muhammad]] would often fall back to a cave located at the summit of Mount Hira, just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz, where he fasted and prayed. According to Islamic belief, when he was about forty years old (610 AD) he was visited by the Angel [[Gabriel]] (جبريل ''Jibreel'') and commanded to recite verses sent by Allah. These verses would later become what is believed to be the first part of Sura 96. This experience frightened him, and originally thinking he was possessed by a demon, he became suicidal. According to [[Sahih]] Bukhari:"
----
{{reflist}}
|}


Here is what has to be typed:
'''Amended version:'''
::<tt>This is how to provide inline citations.<nowiki><ref>This is the reference text. [http://example.com/ Links can also be provided]</ref></nowiki></tt>


At the end of an article, there should be a "References" heading and below that:
"According to the traditional Islamic narrative, the beginnings of the Qur'an were conceived as Muhammad began to leave his wife and children to pray alone in a cave several weeks each year.<ref>Emory C. Bogle (1998), p. 6</ref><ref>John Henry Haaren, Addison B. Poland (1904), p. 83</ref> According to Islamic belief, when he was about forty years old (610 AD) he was visited by the Angel [[Gabriel]] (جبريل ''Jibreel'') and commanded to recite verses sent by Allah.<ref>Brown (2003), pp. 72–73</ref> These verses would later become what is believed to be the first part of Sura 96.<ref>Wensinck, A.J.; Rippen, A. (2002). "Waḥy". ''Encyclopaedia of Islam''. '''11''' (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 54. <nowiki>ISBN 90-04-12756-9</nowiki>.</ref> This experience frightened him, and originally thinking he was possessed by a demon, he became suicidal. According to [[Sahih Bukhari]]<ref>...But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while and the Prophet (Mohammad) became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Gabriel would appear before him and say, "O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah's Apostle in truth" whereupon his heart would become quiet and he would calm down and would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Gabriel would appear before him and say to him what he had said before. [https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-9/Book-87/Hadith-111 Sahih Bukhari 9:87:111]</ref> After this first '[[revelation]]' no new ones came for a time, but then after a long period they started up again and continued at a steady rate till his death. The collection of these verses is known as the [[Qur'an]].<ref>Uri Rubin, ''Muhammad'', Encyclopedia of the Qur'an</ref>"
::<tt><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></tt>  


The wiki will then automatically do everything else to produce the reference. To edit the reference section produced at the bottom, edit the <nowiki><ref></nowiki> tags.
===Citing Formats===
Quran


===Multiple Citations===
*Full Verse(s) in English - Only use the translations of Pickthall, Yusuf Ali, or Sahih International. Generally, you should use the most accurate translation of the relevant Arabic words.
*Using Quran templates will cite and link automatically (See [[Template:Quran|here]] and [[Template:Quran-range|here]])
*Chapter (A) and verse (B) numbers will appear in “Quran A:B” format
*Example: Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], al-Kawthar Qur’an 108:1


For multiple citations of the same reference or footnote:  
Hadith:
::<tt><nowiki><ref name="name here">details of the citation</ref></nowiki></tt>


Thereafter, the same footnote may be used multiple times by adding:
*Using hadith templates for appropriate collection will cite and link automatically (See [[WikiIslam:Source_Editing#Referencing_Hadith|here]])
::<tt><nowiki><ref name="name here"></ref></nowiki></tt>
*Quote the full Hadith in English
*Where applicable Use USC-MSA web (English) reference


===Multi-Columned References===
*For certain hadith collections where USC-MSA is unavailable use the reference system suggested for each collection [[WikiIslam:Source_Editing#Referencing_Hadith|here]] (or one of the listed alternatives if necessary). These correspond to the reference systems selected by default for each collection on QuranX.
*Some hadiths may be long - it is acceptable to bold the relevant information to the claim within the hadith. If the hadith is very long, it may be acceptable to place [...] at the beginning and end of an extract.
*Always test generated links. If there is a problem read the relevant template page. Use the reference numbers as found on QuranX if they differ from sunnah.com. The latter has many numbering mistakes, corrected on QuranX.
*Example: Narrated 'Aisha: that '''the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old''', and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e., till his death). Sahih Bukhari 7:62:64


For ease of reading, when a page includes many citations, the standard <tt><nowiki>{{reflist}}</nowiki></tt> template should be replaced by <tt><nowiki>{{Reflist|30em}}</nowiki></tt>  (for 10+ citations).
==Mediums==


==Cite Web==
===Book===


The [[Template:Cite web|Cite Web]] template deals with the actual references i.e. the content that goes between the ref tags. Its use ensures that the formatting for references remains consistent throughout the site and also enables easy system-wide changes.
====Tafsir====


When citing references in articles, it is important not to leave naked URLs. What is being referenced should be easily identifiable without having to leave the page through an external link. For example, this link:
*Name of Tafsir and number of surah and verse (or, if all/most/multiple tafsirs are being referenced in general, then just the word "Tafsirs" and the number of the surah and verse)
::<tt>http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888</tt>
*Hyperlink to appropriate page on [https://tafsir.app/ Tafsir.app] - make sure the desired verse and tafsir is open
*Example: [https://tafsir.app/ibn-katheer/2/255 Tafisr ibn Kathir 2:255]


When applied to the Cite Web template:
====Arabic dictionary in any language====


::<tt><nowiki>{{cite web|url= http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888|title= Productivity suffers during holy month|publisher= The Jordan Times|author= Mohammad Ghazal|date= September 10, 2009|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888&date=2011-04-04|deadurl=no}}</nowiki></tt>
*Name of dictionary and word
*Hyperlink to appropriate page on [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h1102,ll=h2834,ls=h47,la=h4286,sg=h1094,ha=h749,br=h927,pr=h150,aan=h641,mgf=h793,vi=h362,kz=h2562,mr=h690,mn=h1363,uqw=h1591,umr=h1047,ums=h880,umj=h812,ulq=h1622,uqa=h406,uqq=h380,bdw=h855,amr=h615,asb=h950,auh=h1557,dhq=h545,mht=h871,msb=h230,tla=h94,amj=h798,ens=h552,mis=h2131 Ejtaal.net] or [http://lexicon.quranic-research.net/ Lexicon.Quranic-Research.net/] - make sure only the desired dictionary is open and that all others are collapsed
*Example: [http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=h1102,ll=2834,ls=h47,la=h4286,sg=h1094,ha=h749,br=h927,pr=h150,aan=h641,mgf=h793,vi=h362,kz=h2562,mr=h690,mn=h1363,uqw=h1591,umr=h1047,ums=h880,umj=h812,ulq=h1622,uqa=h406,uqq=h380,bdw=h855,amr=h615,asb=h950,auh=h1557,dhq=h545,mht=h871,msb=h230,tla=h94,amj=h798,ens=h552,mis=h2131 Lane's Lexicon مَهْدً]


Should produce this:
====Other book - In APA or MLA format====


::{{cite web|url= http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888|title= Productivity suffers during holy month|publisher= The Jordan Times|author= Mohammad Ghazal|date= September 10, 2009|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888&date=2011-04-04|deadurl=no}}
*Name(s) of author(s) (mandatory)
===Minimal Parameters===
*Name(s) of editor(s) (mandatory)
*Title of chapter (if authored separately) in quotations (mandatory)
*Title of book in italics (mandatory)
*Translated title of book in square brackets after the title if not in English (optional)
*Volume when appropriate
*Name of publisher (mandatory)
*City of publication, e.g. London: Routledge (optional)
*Year of publication of the edition you are citing
*Original year of publication in square brackets, e.g. 2017 [1972] (optional)
*Chapter or page numbers cited, if appropriate
*Edition, if not the first edition
*ISBN (optional)


<pre>
===Article===
{{cite web| url= | title= | author= | publisher= | date= | archiveurl= | deadurl=no/yes}}
</pre>


* url= URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found.
*Name of the author(s) (mandatory)
* title= Title of web page. Displays in quotes.
*Title of the article within quotation marks (mandatory)
* author= Name of author or authors if available.
*Year
* publisher= Organization or website's name. A website's URL should be used only when there is no proper name available. So, for example, Islam Q&A is located at islamqa.info, but Islam Q&A is the title that should be cited as the publisher.
*Name of the journal in italics (mandatory)
* date= Full date of source being referenced in the month/day/year format (e.g. February 21, 2014). This is the date mentioned on the website (if any).
*Volume number, issue number, and page numbers
:* accessdate= Full date when URL was accessed (use if the sourced page does not indicate a date of publication).
* archiveurl= The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Typically used to refer to services like WebCite.
* deadurl= When the URL is still live, but preemptively archived, then set |deadurl=no. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.


===Additional Parameters===
===Web page===


<pre>| accessdate= | series= | isbn= | page= | pages= | quote= | language=
*URL (mandatory)
</pre>
*Name of the author(s) (mandatory)
*Title of the article within quotation marks (mandatory)
*Title or domain name of the website
*Publisher, if known
*Date of publication
*Page number(s) (if applicable)
*Date retrieved (or accessed) the web page (required if the publication date is unknown)


* series= Additional information that cannot be included under author or publisher. For example journal number
===Video===
* quote= Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation.
* isbn= For citing books. The ISBN is a numeric commercial book identifier based upon the 9-digit SBN code. Most published books have them.
* page= Page number of the book/journal being cited.
* pages= Page numbers of the book/journal being cited. Used when the information is spread over more than 1 page (e.g. 223-224).
* language= Language of content being cited. Only needed for languages other than English


==Archived Links==
*Director/channel (mandatory)
*Producer, if relevant
*Names of major performers
*Title of the episode/video in quotation marks (mandatory)
*Title of the film or TV series in italics
*Name of the studio (mandatory)
*Year of release
*Medium (for example: film, videocassette, DVD)
*Approximate time at which event or point of interest occurs, where appropriate


Link rot is a frequently occurring phenomena where external website links become unavailable after some time.
===Music/sound===


{{Quote|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link_rot#Prevalence Link rot (Prevalence)]|The 404 "Not Found" response is familiar to even the occasional Web user. A number of studies have examined the prevalence of link rot on the Web, in academic literature, and in digital libraries. In a 2003 experiment, Fetterly et al. discovered that about one link out of every 200 disappeared each week from the internet. McCown et al. (2005) discovered that '''half of the URLs''' cited in D-Lib Magazine articles '''were no longer accessible 10 years after publication''', and other studies have shown link rot in academic literature to be even worse (Spinellis, 2003, Lawrence et al., 2001). Nelson and Allen (2002) examined link rot in digital libraries and found that about '''3% of the objects were no longer accessible after one year.'''}}
*Composer(s), songwriter(s), script writer(s), etc… (mandatory)
*Performer(s) (mandatory)
*Title of the song or individual track in quotation marks (mandatory)
*Title of the album in italics (if applicable)
*Name of the record label
*Year of release
*Medium (for example: LP, audio cassette, CD, MP3 file)
*Approximate time at which event or point of interest occurs, where appropriate


The Cite Web template has two parameters dedicated to archived links. This is due to the many sources that are comprised of links to external websites, making the preservation of the content of these external links very important. However, archiving links is very easy and only takes a moment.  
==Linking==
Linking is a way to connect Wikiislam pages within the text. If there exists a page on a subject that is brought up within an article it is encouraged to link the page within the text. However, over-linking can be distracting. By rule of thumb only link the first occurrence of the subject being mentioned in the article.


===WebCitation.org===
You can link a subject by enclosing it in double brackets <nowiki>[[X]]</nowiki>


WebCite archives:
==Quoting==
*Regular web pages
Using the quote template can provide useful information from primary sources in a direct manner. However too many of them will cause unnecessary clutter in the page. These should be used for important primary sources and their use should be sparing. Articles made up of mostly quote-box templates should be avoided. The box should include only the relevant text and the citation.  
*Forum threads
*Blogs
*PDF and other media files
But it does ''not'' archive Facebook pages.


To archive a page, enter the target URL and any email address as that of the citing author on the WebCite archive form (http://www.webcitation.org/archive), then press submit. Using the "transparent" WebCite URL is preferred over the short one.
The use of the quote box should draw special attention to the intended quote. The quoted text in the box should make an important point in the text of the article. For incomplete or less important supporting quotes, in-text quotations with the relevant citations should be used.  


===Archive.is===
'''Example of cluttered formatting:'''


Archive.is archives:  
Shaykh Gibril Haddad says that the evidence Amjad provided above is false.{{Quote|1=[http://www.webcitation.org/67gTj2QC2 Gibril Haddad]|2=Al-Tabari nowhere reports that "Abu Bakr's four children were all born in Jahiliyya" but only that Abu Bakr married both their mothers in Jahiliyya, Qutayla bint Sa`d and Umm Ruman, who bore him four children in all, two each, `A'isha being the daughter of Umm Ruman.}}'''Amended version:'''
*Regular web pages
*Forum threads
*Blogs
*Facebook pages
But it does ''not'' archive PDF and other media files.


To archive a page, enter the target URL into the "submit url" box (http://archive.is/) and press submit. You will then see the new archived URL that can be used in the 'archiveurl' parameter for the Cite Web template.
Shaykh Gibril Haddad states that the passage mentioned is misinterpreted, stating "Al-Tabari nowhere reports that 'Abu Bakr's four children were all born in Jahiliyya' but only that Abu Bakr married both their mothers in Jahiliyya, Qutayla bint Sa`d and Umm Ruman, who bore him four children in all, two each, `A'isha being the daughter of Umm Ruman."<ref name=":6">''Our Mother A'isha's Age At The Time Of Her Marriage to The Prophet'' Shaykh Gibril Haddad</ref>


===Embedded Links===
==Plagiarism==


Embedded links to external websites should never be used as a form of inline citation. Nevertheless, they are used on occasion, for example, in the [[Fatwa: It is Permissible to Use the "Torah and the New Testament... for Anal Cleansing after Defecation"|Translations of Arabic/Islamic Media]] pages. In these rare instances, only a single link is appropriate, rather than both the original and the archive link side-by-side. For these, the [[Template:Reference archive|Reference archive]] template should be used.  
Although the quotation of primary sources and research is not only encouraged but mandatory, as  WikiIslam does not host original research, wholesale plagiarism is strictly prohibited. All material put onto the Wiki must be either re-workings of previously hosted WikiIslam material or original material produced by the contributor. Wholesale copying and pasting of pre-existing material, even with attribution, is expressly prohibited. Where such plagiarism occurs, it will be removed immediately and the perpetrator will be instantly banned.


To use this template, the target URL would have to be archived by entering it into the WebCite archive form (http://www.webcitation.org/archive).
==See also==


Then the target URL in its original form, along with the date it was archived, need to be added to the Reference archive:
*[[WikiIslam:Formatting]]
 
::<tt><nowiki>{{Reference archive|1=###|2=###}}</nowiki></tt>
 
The first parameter is the original URL, and the second parameter is the date it was archived. The date format is year-month-day, all in numbers rather than words (e.g. 2014-02-26 rather than February 26, 2014).
 
If absolutely needed, embedded links to Wikipedia can be made by using the <tt><nowiki>[[w:Target article|Text]]</nowiki></tt> feature or <tt><nowiki>{{</nowiki>wp|article name}}</tt>. As with embedded links to other sites, these links should never be used as a form of inline citation.
 
==Islamic Text==
 
Templates make it easy to cite Islamic sources. For example, instead of finding the exact USC-MSA URL of a Qur'an verse or hadith, all that is needed is to type <tt><nowiki>{{Muslim|7|88}}</nowiki></tt> and the reference and link is automatically created.
 
The following are a list of templates that are available for use:
 
===Referencing the Qur'an===
 
Not all Qur'an-related templates are covered here. Refer to the Q section in [[:Category:Templates|Category:Templates]] for the full list.
 
====Single Verse====
 
To reference a verse from the Qur'an type: <tt>{&#123;Quran|###|###}}</tt>
 
The first parameter is the chapter/surah number, while the second parameter is the verse number.
 
====Multiple Verses====
 
To reference multiple verses from the Qur'an type: <tt>{&#123;Quran-range|###|###|###}}</tt>
 
The first parameter is the chapter/surah number, while the second parameter is the starting verse number, and the third parameter is the ending verse number.
 
====Verse and Transliteration====
 
To reference a verse from the Qur'an along with its Romanized transliteration type: <tt>{&#123;Qtt|###|###}}</tt>
 
The first parameter is the chapter/surah number, while the second parameter is the verse number.
 
===Referencing Hadith===
 
====Referencing Bukhari====
 
To reference a hadith from [[Template:Bukhari|Bukhari]] type: <tt>{&#123;Bukhari|#|#|#}}</tt>
The first parameter is the volume number, the second parameter is the book number and the third parameter is the narration number.
 
By default, this will create a link using the USC-MSA hadith referencing system. An alternative referencing system can be used by adding an additional parameter with the value "in-book". To do so type: <tt>{&#123;Bukhari||#|#|in-book}}</tt> (note that the first parameter for the volume is left empty for in-book citations)
 
The alternative referencing system allows hadiths to be cited that did not appear within the USC-MSA collection. It also allows a specific hadith to be cited when there are multiple hadiths with the same USC-MSA number (a link using the default USC-MSA referencing system would display a list of hadiths in that situation).
 
====Referencing Muslim====
 
To reference a hadith from [[Template:Muslim|Muslim]] type: <tt>{&#123;Muslim|#|#}}</tt>
 
The first parameter is the book number and the second parameter is the narration number.
 
By default, this will create a link using the USC-MSA hadith referencing system. An alternative referencing system can be used by adding an additional parameter with the value "in-book". To do so type: <tt>{&#123;Muslim|#|#|in-book}}</tt>
 
The alternative referencing system allows hadiths to be cited that did not appear within the USC-MSA collection. It also allows a specific hadith to be cited when there are multiple hadiths with the same USC-MSA number (a link using the default USC-MSA referencing system would display a list of hadiths in that situation).
 
====Referencing Dawud====
 
To reference a hadith from [[Template:Abudawud|Dawud]] type: <tt>{&#123;Abudawud|#|#}}</tt>
 
The first parameter is the book number and the second parameter is the narration number.
 
By default, this will create a link using the USC-MSA hadith referencing system. An alternative referencing system can be used by adding an additional parameter with the value "in-book". To do so type: <tt>{&#123;Abu Dawud|#|#|in-book}}</tt>
 
The alternative referencing system allows hadiths to be cited that did not appear within the USC-MSA collection. It also allows a specific hadith to be cited when there are multiple hadiths with the same USC-MSA number (a link using the default USC-MSA referencing system would display a list of hadiths in that situation).
 
====Referencing Muwatta====
 
To reference a hadith from [[Template:Muwatta|Malik's Muwatta]] type: <tt>{&#123;Muwatta|###||###}}</tt> (note the empty 2nd parameter)
 
The first parameter is the book number, the second parameter is the section number (no longer used), and the third parameter is the narration number. If you do happen to know the section number (second parameter) for the hadith you are citing, put it in anyway as it might be useful one day.
 
:<i>An optional fourth parameter allowed a suffix to be added to the narration number (no longer used, but put it in if you know there is one in case it's useful one day). The disused 2nd and 4th parameters are retained for the sake of earlier citations which had them, and their values are visible on the pages although not included in the links (except when they were mistakenly used for the book and hadith number).</i>
 
By default, this will create a link using the USC-MSA hadith referencing system. An alternative referencing system can be used by adding an additional parameter with the value "in-book". To do so type: <tt>{&#123;Bukhari|#||#||in-book}}</tt> (note the empty 2nd and 4th parameters)
 
The alternative referencing system allows hadiths to be cited that did not appear within the USC-MSA collection. It also allows a specific hadith to be cited when there are multiple hadiths with the same USC-MSA number (a link using the default USC-MSA referencing system would display a list of hadiths in that situation).
 
====Referencing Tirmidhi====
 
To reference a hadith from [[Template:Al Tirmidhi|Tirmidhi]] type: <tt><nowiki>{{Al Tirmidhi|###|###|###|###}}</nowiki></tt>
 
The first parameter is the URL ending (book number), the second parameter is the volume number, the third parameter is the book number, and the forth parameter is the narration number.
 
====Referencing Nasai====
 
To reference a hadith from [[Template:Al Nasai|Nasai]] type: <tt><nowiki>{{Al Nasai|###|###|###|###}}</nowiki></tt>
 
The first parameter is the URL ending (book number), the second parameter is the volume number, the third parameter is the book number, and the forth parameter is the narration number.
 
====Referencing Majah====
 
To reference a hadith from [[Template:Ibn Majah|Majah]] type: <tt><nowiki>{{Ibn Majah|###|###|###|###}}</nowiki></tt>
 
The first parameter is the URL ending (book number), the second parameter is the volume number, the third parameter is the book number, and the forth parameter is the narration number.
 
===Referencing Sirah===
 
====Referencing Tabari====
 
To reference text from [[Template:Tabari|Tabari]] type: <tt>{&#123;Tabari|###|###}}</tt>
 
The first parameter is the volume number and the second parameter is the page or page range. "<tt>p.</tt>" or "<tt>pp.</tt>" (whichever is applicable) will have to be typed in manually. For example, <tt><nowiki>{{Tabari|4|p. 220}}</nowiki></tt> or <tt><nowiki>{{Tabari|4|pp. 220-221}}</nowiki></tt>.
 
====Examples====
 
{| style="width:700px; height:200px" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
!Input !! Output
|-
| |{&#123;Quran|2|35}} || {{Quran|2|35}}
|-
| |{&#123;Quran-range|2|35|36}} || {{Quran-range|2|35|36}}
|-
| |{&#123;Qtt|2|35}} || {{Qtt|2|35}}
|-
| |{&#123;Bukhari|1|1|5}} || {{Bukhari|1|1|5}}
|-
| |{&#123;Muslim|1|5}} || {{Muslim|1|5}}
|-
| |{&#123;Abudawud|1|7}} || {{Abudawud|1|7}}
|-
| |{&#123;Muwatta|1|1|5|}} || {{Muwatta|1|1|5|}}
|-
| |<nowiki>{{Al Tirmidhi|2|1|2|6}}</nowiki> || {{Al Tirmidhi|2|1|2|6}}
|-
| |<nowiki>{{Al Nasai|26|4|26|3257}}</nowiki> || {{Al Nasai|26|4|26|3257}}
|-
| |<nowiki>{{Ibn Majah|9|3|9|1903}}</nowiki> || {{Ibn Majah|9|3|9|1903}}
|-
| |<nowiki>{{</nowiki>Tabari|4|p. 220}} || {{Tabari|4|p. 220}}
|}
 
==Quotation Boxes==
 
When quoting a source, type: <tt>{&#123;Quote|###|###}}</tt>
 
The first parameter is the reference for the text being quoted (this parameters can be left empty if references are being cited via ref tags). The second parameter is where the actual quotation is placed.
 
===Islamic Texts===
 
To quote an Islamic text, the relevant template for referencing that particular text must be placed within the first parameter of the quotation box template.
 
For example, to  quote {{Quran|2|256}}, this is what has to be typed:
 
::<tt>{&#123;Quote|{&#123;Quran|2|256}}|Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error...}}</tt>
 
And it should produce this:
 
:{{Quote|{{Quran|2|256}}|Let there be no compulsion in religion: Truth stands out clear from Error...}}
 
'''Bold''' or ''italic'' emphasis may be added to quotations, but {{underline|underlining}} and ALLCAPS should be avoided.
 
===General Sources===
 
For quoting general sources, a modified version of the [[#Cite_Web|Cite Web]] template is used (minimal and additional parameters remain unchanged).
 
::<tt><nowiki>{{cite web quotebox|url= |title= |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</nowiki></tt>
 
The modified Cite Web template must be placed within the first parameter of the quotation box template. For example, this link and all of the relevant information:
 
::<tt>http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888</tt>
 
When applied to the modified Cite Web template and the quotations template:
 
::<tt><nowiki>{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888|title= Productivity suffers during holy month|publisher= The Jordan Times|author= Mohammad Ghazal|date= September 10, 2009|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888&date=2011-04-04|deadurl=no}}|The holy month at the time of the Prophet Mohammad and his companions was a time of great achievements and crucial battles won by the Muslims, Sharia (Islamic law) scholar Hamdi Murad said Wednesday.}}</nowiki></tt>
 
Should produce this:
 
::{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888|title= Productivity suffers during holy month|publisher= The Jordan Times|author= Mohammad Ghazal|date= September 10, 2009|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.jordantimes.com/?news=19888&date=2011-04-04|deadurl=no}}|The holy month at the time of the Prophet Mohammad and his companions was a time of great achievements and crucial battles won by the Muslims, Sharia (Islamic law) scholar Hamdi Murad said Wednesday.}}
 
==See Also==
 
* [[WikiIslam:Reliable Sources]]
* [[WikiIslam:Standardization]]


==References==
[[Category:Help Pages]]
[[Category:Help Pages]]
[[Category:Policies and Guidelines]]
[[Category:Policies and Guidelines]]
<references />

Latest revision as of 23:08, 7 September 2023

This protocol explains where, when, and why editors must cite, link, and quote their sources. For source editing and how to use related templates please go to the WikiIslam:Source_Editing page.

Referencing in general

Any claim or material that is likely to be challenged must be cited. All claims must be supported by scholarly sources and not reliant solely on reasoning provided by editors. Thus, for instance, a claim that Riadh is the capitol of modern-day Saudi Arabia needn't be cited since it is unlikely to be challenged, but it must be backable by an established academic source were such a challenge to arise (which it is). A claim that the original Qur'anic rasm did not have dots, on the other hand, may well be challenged by lay people, so such a claim requires an academic citation.

All sources must be third-party published sources, and must avoid tabloid and unreliable sources. Sources must verify the claim being made,  and must not be copy-pasted from it unless it is being quoted. Cite in MLA or APA format when possible unless you are citing direct Islamic scriptures.

The standard method of citing in Wikiislam is with a footnote at the end of the sentence and after the punctuation where the claim it supports appears. More than one citation may be necessary if the claim is heavily disputed or controversial.

Example of weak citing:

"Leaving his wife and children behind during the month of Ramadan, the now wealthy Muhammad would often fall back to a cave located at the summit of Mount Hira, just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz, where he fasted and prayed. According to Islamic belief, when he was about forty years old (610 AD) he was visited by the Angel Gabriel (جبريل Jibreel) and commanded to recite verses sent by Allah. These verses would later become what is believed to be the first part of Sura 96. This experience frightened him, and originally thinking he was possessed by a demon, he became suicidal. According to Sahih Bukhari:"

Amended version:

"According to the traditional Islamic narrative, the beginnings of the Qur'an were conceived as Muhammad began to leave his wife and children to pray alone in a cave several weeks each year.[1][2] According to Islamic belief, when he was about forty years old (610 AD) he was visited by the Angel Gabriel (جبريل Jibreel) and commanded to recite verses sent by Allah.[3] These verses would later become what is believed to be the first part of Sura 96.[4] This experience frightened him, and originally thinking he was possessed by a demon, he became suicidal. According to Sahih Bukhari[5] After this first 'revelation' no new ones came for a time, but then after a long period they started up again and continued at a steady rate till his death. The collection of these verses is known as the Qur'an.[6]"

Citing Formats

Quran

  • Full Verse(s) in English - Only use the translations of Pickthall, Yusuf Ali, or Sahih International. Generally, you should use the most accurate translation of the relevant Arabic words.
  • Using Quran templates will cite and link automatically (See here and here)
  • Chapter (A) and verse (B) numbers will appear in “Quran A:B” format
  • Example: Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], al-Kawthar Qur’an 108:1

Hadith:

  • Using hadith templates for appropriate collection will cite and link automatically (See here)
  • Quote the full Hadith in English
  • Where applicable Use USC-MSA web (English) reference
  • For certain hadith collections where USC-MSA is unavailable use the reference system suggested for each collection here (or one of the listed alternatives if necessary). These correspond to the reference systems selected by default for each collection on QuranX.
  • Some hadiths may be long - it is acceptable to bold the relevant information to the claim within the hadith. If the hadith is very long, it may be acceptable to place [...] at the beginning and end of an extract.
  • Always test generated links. If there is a problem read the relevant template page. Use the reference numbers as found on QuranX if they differ from sunnah.com. The latter has many numbering mistakes, corrected on QuranX.
  • Example: Narrated 'Aisha: that the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e., till his death). Sahih Bukhari 7:62:64

Mediums

Book

Tafsir

  • Name of Tafsir and number of surah and verse (or, if all/most/multiple tafsirs are being referenced in general, then just the word "Tafsirs" and the number of the surah and verse)
  • Hyperlink to appropriate page on Tafsir.app - make sure the desired verse and tafsir is open
  • Example: Tafisr ibn Kathir 2:255

Arabic dictionary in any language

Other book - In APA or MLA format

  • Name(s) of author(s) (mandatory)
  • Name(s) of editor(s) (mandatory)
  • Title of chapter (if authored separately) in quotations (mandatory)
  • Title of book in italics (mandatory)
  • Translated title of book in square brackets after the title if not in English (optional)
  • Volume when appropriate
  • Name of publisher (mandatory)
  • City of publication, e.g. London: Routledge (optional)
  • Year of publication of the edition you are citing
  • Original year of publication in square brackets, e.g. 2017 [1972] (optional)
  • Chapter or page numbers cited, if appropriate
  • Edition, if not the first edition
  • ISBN (optional)

Article

  • Name of the author(s) (mandatory)
  • Title of the article within quotation marks (mandatory)
  • Year
  • Name of the journal in italics (mandatory)
  • Volume number, issue number, and page numbers

Web page

  • URL (mandatory)
  • Name of the author(s) (mandatory)
  • Title of the article within quotation marks (mandatory)
  • Title or domain name of the website
  • Publisher, if known
  • Date of publication
  • Page number(s) (if applicable)
  • Date retrieved (or accessed) the web page (required if the publication date is unknown)

Video

  • Director/channel (mandatory)
  • Producer, if relevant
  • Names of major performers
  • Title of the episode/video in quotation marks (mandatory)
  • Title of the film or TV series in italics
  • Name of the studio (mandatory)
  • Year of release
  • Medium (for example: film, videocassette, DVD)
  • Approximate time at which event or point of interest occurs, where appropriate

Music/sound

  • Composer(s), songwriter(s), script writer(s), etc… (mandatory)
  • Performer(s) (mandatory)
  • Title of the song or individual track in quotation marks (mandatory)
  • Title of the album in italics (if applicable)
  • Name of the record label
  • Year of release
  • Medium (for example: LP, audio cassette, CD, MP3 file)
  • Approximate time at which event or point of interest occurs, where appropriate

Linking

Linking is a way to connect Wikiislam pages within the text. If there exists a page on a subject that is brought up within an article it is encouraged to link the page within the text. However, over-linking can be distracting. By rule of thumb only link the first occurrence of the subject being mentioned in the article.

You can link a subject by enclosing it in double brackets [[X]]

Quoting

Using the quote template can provide useful information from primary sources in a direct manner. However too many of them will cause unnecessary clutter in the page. These should be used for important primary sources and their use should be sparing. Articles made up of mostly quote-box templates should be avoided. The box should include only the relevant text and the citation.

The use of the quote box should draw special attention to the intended quote. The quoted text in the box should make an important point in the text of the article. For incomplete or less important supporting quotes, in-text quotations with the relevant citations should be used.

Example of cluttered formatting:

Shaykh Gibril Haddad says that the evidence Amjad provided above is false.

Al-Tabari nowhere reports that "Abu Bakr's four children were all born in Jahiliyya" but only that Abu Bakr married both their mothers in Jahiliyya, Qutayla bint Sa`d and Umm Ruman, who bore him four children in all, two each, `A'isha being the daughter of Umm Ruman.
Gibril Haddad

Amended version:

Shaykh Gibril Haddad states that the passage mentioned is misinterpreted, stating "Al-Tabari nowhere reports that 'Abu Bakr's four children were all born in Jahiliyya' but only that Abu Bakr married both their mothers in Jahiliyya, Qutayla bint Sa`d and Umm Ruman, who bore him four children in all, two each, `A'isha being the daughter of Umm Ruman."[7]

Plagiarism

Although the quotation of primary sources and research is not only encouraged but mandatory, as WikiIslam does not host original research, wholesale plagiarism is strictly prohibited. All material put onto the Wiki must be either re-workings of previously hosted WikiIslam material or original material produced by the contributor. Wholesale copying and pasting of pre-existing material, even with attribution, is expressly prohibited. Where such plagiarism occurs, it will be removed immediately and the perpetrator will be instantly banned.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Emory C. Bogle (1998), p. 6
  2. ↑ John Henry Haaren, Addison B. Poland (1904), p. 83
  3. ↑ Brown (2003), pp. 72–73
  4. ↑ Wensinck, A.J.; Rippen, A. (2002). "Waḥy". Encyclopaedia of Islam. 11 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 54. ISBN 90-04-12756-9.
  5. ↑ ...But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while and the Prophet (Mohammad) became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Gabriel would appear before him and say, "O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah's Apostle in truth" whereupon his heart would become quiet and he would calm down and would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Gabriel would appear before him and say to him what he had said before. Sahih Bukhari 9:87:111
  6. ↑ Uri Rubin, Muhammad, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an
  7. ↑ Our Mother A'isha's Age At The Time Of Her Marriage to The Prophet Shaykh Gibril Haddad
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