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=Islamic Doctrine & the Social Origins of FGM=
Can't seem to edit the title to create a new sandbox/article?
This page addresses the question of why people, both today and throughout history, engage in ritual Female Genital Mutilation. 
:I think you probably don't have sufficient user rights to do that, but you can use this one under your username (should work ok):  https://wikiislam.net/wiki/User:CPO675/Sandbox_1 [[User:Lightyears|Lightyears]] ([[User talk:Lightyears|talk]]) 20:40, 4 November 2023 (UTC)


Female Genital Mutilation (FGM for short) is commonly associated with Islam: the data suggests that about 80% of FGM is carried out by Muslims<ref>https://fgmtruth.wordpress.com/what-percentage-of-global-fgm-are-moslems-responsible-for/</ref>, and that globally about 20% of Muslim females have been subjected to the practice. It is tempting to conclude that Muslims engage in FGM because the Prophet Muhammad decreed favourably on the practice [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation|in four hadith]]. This conclusion is made all the more tempting by the fact that debates as to whether or not FGM is Islamic tend to be conducted exclusively as if the question were resolved by determining whether Muhammad decreed favourably (or otherwise) on FGM in the Sunnah and in the Qur'an.  
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{| class="style=&quot;background-color:" #fcfcfc; border: 1px solid #ccc;"
|Welcome to the '''Public''' WikiIslam Sandbox! This page allows you to carry out experiments. To edit, click {{plainlink|url={{SERVER}}{{SCRIPTPATH}}/index.php?title=WikiIslam:Sandbox&action=edit '''here'''}}  or the ''Edit'' tab above; make your changes, and click the ''Save page'' button when finished. Content will ''not'' stay permanently.  


But any explanation for the existence of FGM has to account for the existence of four groups:
To create sandboxes for articles that you are working on, use the format: [[ WikiIslam:Sandbox/Article name]]. You can also create sandboxes under your username such as [[Special:Mypage/Sandbox 1|User:Your username/Sandbox 1]] if you expect yourself to be the only editor of the page. '''''Use the private sandbox formatting for drafting longer pieces that you don't want others to meddle with. If unable to create a private sandbox, leave a message on an admin's talk page.'''''


#Muslims who practice FGM
Pages with the Sandbox URL ([[WikiIslam:Sandbox/Article name]]) are not indexed by search engines, so they are safe to work on and will not show up in search results (view {{plainlink|1={{SERVER}}{{SCRIPTPATH}}/index.php?title=Special%3APrefixIndex&prefix=Sandbox&namespace=4&stripprefix=1 all Sandbox pages}}).  
#Muslims who don't practice FGM
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#non-Muslims who practice FGM
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#non-Muslims who don't practice FGM
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The existence of the third group (non-Muslims who practice FGM) undermines the idea that Muslims engage in FGM simply because Muhammad decreed favourably on the practice. However, most non-Muslims who practice FGM today do so as a consequence of living for centuries under the dominance of an FGM-practicing Islamic culture - the most notable example being the Egyptian Copts. For the Copts, maintaining the practice of FGM has been a centuries-old strategy to minimise persecution and stigma from a Muslim majority who would treat 'uncut' women, their families and communities as impure and contaminating.  So the existence ''today'' of non-Muslims who practice FGM does not necessarily undermine the hypothesis that Muslims engage in FGM simply because Muhammad decreed favourably on the practice. The Copts, for example, practice FGM because their Muslim neighbours require them to do so.  
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But we should remember that non-Muslims existed before Islam and some of these practiced FGM. Why? Why would people engage in this practice
 
The political scientist Gerry Mackie has gone a long way towards answering this question in his paper ''‘Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account'''<ref>http://webarchiv.ethz.ch/soms/teaching/OppFall09/MackieFootbinding.pdf</ref>. In this paper Mackie identifies polygyny, extreme polygyny in particular, as generating conditions in which (what he calls) Chastity Assurance Practices, such as FGM and footbinding, become functional, that is they resolve real problems faced by the parents of girls and other members of the community.
 
Thus FGM is not simply caused by Muhammad's decrees on the practice, but also by social factors - laws, traditions, institutions, systems, beliefs - that make FGM in some way 'useful' or 'necessary'. 
 
Understanding both of these causes of FGM helps us understand why some Muslims practice FGM but some don't, and why some non-Muslim also engage in FGM. 
==Who Practices FGM? Statistics==
Who practices FGM?
==Pre-Islamic FGM==
<br />
 
==The Origins and Causes of FGM==
intro
 
===Gerry Mackie's 'Convention Hypothesis'===
fdfdfd<br />
 
===Problems with Gerry Mackie's 'Convention Hypothesis'===
dfdfd
 
==FGM: a Solution to Problems Caused by Islamic Doctrine==
intro
 
===Polygyny and its consequences===
Mackie  - plus corrections and extensions
 
===Child Marriage===
polygyny gives rise to child marriage, drives down age of FGM
 
===Mahr (Islamic Brideprice)===
putting financial value on perceived chastity of girls and women...
 
===The Polygynous Family===
less emotional investment in children, esp girls, more financial investment at stake
 
===Cultural Congruence===
other brutal practices relativise and make acceptable violenc of FGM (MGM, halal slaughter, wife beating, violence of Qur'an, jihad...)
 
==FGM and the uses of Trauma==
xcxc
<br />
<references />

Latest revision as of 20:40, 4 November 2023

Can't seem to edit the title to create a new sandbox/article?

I think you probably don't have sufficient user rights to do that, but you can use this one under your username (should work ok): https://wikiislam.net/wiki/User:CPO675/Sandbox_1 Lightyears (talk) 20:40, 4 November 2023 (UTC)
Welcome to the Public WikiIslam Sandbox! This page allows you to carry out experiments. To edit, click here or the Edit tab above; make your changes, and click the Save page button when finished. Content will not stay permanently.

To create sandboxes for articles that you are working on, use the format: WikiIslam:Sandbox/Article name. You can also create sandboxes under your username such as User:Your username/Sandbox 1 if you expect yourself to be the only editor of the page. Use the private sandbox formatting for drafting longer pieces that you don't want others to meddle with. If unable to create a private sandbox, leave a message on an admin's talk page.

Pages with the Sandbox URL (WikiIslam:Sandbox/Article name) are not indexed by search engines, so they are safe to work on and will not show up in search results (view all Sandbox pages).

Shortcut:
WISB






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