Early Conversions to Islam: Difference between revisions

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Historical:
 
'''Historical:


In the 9th century, Samaritans of [[Palestine]] faced persecution and forced conversion at the hands of a rebel leader ibn Firāsa, against whom they were defended by Abbasid caliphate troops.<ref>{{cite book|author=Moshe Gil|title=A History of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tSM4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA822|publisher=CUP Archive|page=822|year=1992}}</ref>
In the 9th century, Samaritans of [[Palestine]] faced persecution and forced conversion at the hands of a rebel leader ibn Firāsa, against whom they were defended by Abbasid caliphate troops.<ref>{{cite book|author=Moshe Gil|title=A History of Palestine, 634-1099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tSM4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA822|publisher=CUP Archive|page=822|year=1992}}</ref>


Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty in Persia, decreed Twelver Shia Islam to be the official religion of state and ordered executions of a number of Sunni intellectuals who refused to accept Shiism.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|authors=Savory, R.M., Gandjeï, T.| year=2012 | title=Ismāʿīl I|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam| edition=2nd|publisher=Brill |editors=P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs|volume=4|page=186}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia| author=H.R. Roemer| entry=The Safavid Period |title=The Cambridge History of Iran|volume=Volume 6|publisher=Cambridge University Press |ref=harv |year=1986 |editors=William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart|page=218}}</ref> Non-Muslims faced frequent persecutions and at times forced conversions under the rule of his successors.<ref>Lewis, Bernard (1984). The Jews of Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|0-691-00807-8}}. p.52</ref> Thus, after the capture of the [[Hormuz Island]], [[Abbas I of Persia|Abbas I]] required local Christians to convert to Islam, [[Abbas II of Persia|Abbas II]] granted his ministers authority to force Jews to become Muslims, and [[Sultan Husayn]] decreed forcible conversion of Zoroastrians.<ref>{{Cite book| last = Lapidus | first = Ira M. | authorlink=Ira M. Lapidus | title = A History of Islamic Societies | publisher = Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition) | year = 2014| isbn=978-0-521-51430-9 | pages=385–386}}</ref> In 1839, during the [[Qajar]] era the Jewish community in the city of [[Mashhad]] was attacked by a mob and subsequently forced to convert to Islam.<ref name="JadidAlIslam">{{cite web|first=Jaleh |last=Pirnazar |url=http://www.fis-iran.org/en/irannameh/volxix/mashhad-jewish-community |title=The "Jadid al-Islams" of Mashhad |work=Foundation for Iranian Studies |location=Bethesda, MD, USA |publisher=[[Foundation for Iranian Studies]] |accessdate=2012-11-13}}</ref>


Modern:
Modern:


In 2018, Kurdish Christians were being forced to convert to Islam.<ref>https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/104214/kurdish-christians-facing-forced-conversions-in-syrias-afrin-province/#47q2s7QPq4kewUxx.97</ref>
In 2018, Kurdish Christians were being forced to convert to Islam.<ref>https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/104214/kurdish-christians-facing-forced-conversions-in-syrias-afrin-province/#47q2s7QPq4kewUxx.97</ref>

Revision as of 23:39, 17 March 2018


Historical:

In the 9th century, Samaritans of Palestine faced persecution and forced conversion at the hands of a rebel leader ibn Firāsa, against whom they were defended by Abbasid caliphate troops.[1]


Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty in Persia, decreed Twelver Shia Islam to be the official religion of state and ordered executions of a number of Sunni intellectuals who refused to accept Shiism.[2][3] Non-Muslims faced frequent persecutions and at times forced conversions under the rule of his successors.[4] Thus, after the capture of the Hormuz Island, Abbas I required local Christians to convert to Islam, Abbas II granted his ministers authority to force Jews to become Muslims, and Sultan Husayn decreed forcible conversion of Zoroastrians.[5] In 1839, during the Qajar era the Jewish community in the city of Mashhad was attacked by a mob and subsequently forced to convert to Islam.[6]

Modern:

In 2018, Kurdish Christians were being forced to convert to Islam.[7]

  1. ↑ Moshe Gil. A History of Palestine, 634-1099. CUP Archive. p. 822, 1992. https://books.google.com/books?id=tSM4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA822. 
  2. ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
  3. ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
  4. ↑ Lewis, Bernard (1984). The Jews of Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Template:ISBN. p.52
  5. ↑ Lapidus, Ira M.. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9, 2014. 
  6. ↑ Pirnazar, Jaleh, "The "Jadid al-Islams" of Mashhad", Foundation for Iranian Studies, Bethesda, MD, USA: Foundation for Iranian Studies, http://www.fis-iran.org/en/irannameh/volxix/mashhad-jewish-community. 
  7. ↑ https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/104214/kurdish-christians-facing-forced-conversions-in-syrias-afrin-province/#47q2s7QPq4kewUxx.97
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