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Female Genital Mutilation in Islam: Difference between revisions
Female Genital Mutilation in Islam (view source)
Revision as of 09:00, 20 February 2022
, 20 February 2022→FGM and the Uses of Trauma: fixed broken archive links
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| url = https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-thursday-edition-1.3784062/a-horrific-nightmare-female-genital-mutilation-survivor-shares-her-story-in-ottawa-1.3784067 | | url = https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-thursday-edition-1.3784062/a-horrific-nightmare-female-genital-mutilation-survivor-shares-her-story-in-ottawa-1.3784067 | ||
| date = 2021-04-27 | | date = 2021-04-27 | ||
| archiveurl = | | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220220084745/https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-thursday-edition-1.3784062/a-horrific-nightmare-female-genital-mutilation-survivor-shares-her-story-in-ottawa-1.3784067 | ||
| archivedate = 2021-04-27 }}|They were dirty razors. That is the razor that she will use for 10 or 20 girls that day. No hygiene involved, nothing. '''No anesthesia at all'''. You are just butchered. You could see your flesh. You could see your blood all over her hands. It was a complete, utter horrific, nightmare.}}{{Quote|{{cite web | | archivedate = 2021-04-27 }}|They were dirty razors. That is the razor that she will use for 10 or 20 girls that day. No hygiene involved, nothing. '''No anesthesia at all'''. You are just butchered. You could see your flesh. You could see your blood all over her hands. It was a complete, utter horrific, nightmare.}}{{Quote|{{cite web | ||
| title = Butter knife or sharp blade? Either way, FGM survivors in Sri Lanka w… | | title = Butter knife or sharp blade? Either way, FGM survivors in Sri Lanka w… | ||
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri-lanka-women-fgm-idUSKBN1DM023 | | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri-lanka-women-fgm-idUSKBN1DM023 | ||
| date = | | date = 2022-02-20 | ||
| archiveurl = | | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220220084634/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sri-lanka-women-fgm-idUSKBN1DM023 | ||
| archivedate = | | archivedate = 2022-02-20 }}|The room where a doctor, his wife and an assistant were waiting; her legs spread and held down as the doctor approached with a blade, '''inflicting agonizing pain with no anesthetic'''.}}{{Quote|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220220085213/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/health/female-genital-mutilation-no-anaesthetic-before-she-cut-me-1.2093014 Mehret Yemane describing how, as a nine or 10-year-old in Sudan, she underwent FGM for the fourth time in her short life. Irish Times (2015)]|My brothers held my legs, the elder held the blade. '''There was no anaesthetic before she cut me'''.}}{{Quote|{{cite web | ||
| title = Female Genital Mutilation at Nine Years Old: A Survivor Speaks Out … | | title = Female Genital Mutilation at Nine Years Old: A Survivor Speaks Out … | ||
| url = https://glam4good.com/female-genital-mutilation-at-nine-years-old-a-survivor-speaks-out/ | | url = https://glam4good.com/female-genital-mutilation-at-nine-years-old-a-survivor-speaks-out/ | ||
| date = | | date = 2022-02-20 | ||
| archiveurl = | | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20220220085441/https://glam4good.com/female-genital-mutilation-at-nine-years-old-a-survivor-speaks-out/ | ||
| archivedate = | | archivedate = 2022-02-20 }}|In Burkina Faso, we did not have proper clinics for these procedures. We didn’t have doctors in white jackets and gloves. '''We didn’t even have anesthesia to numb the pain'''.}}{{Quote|<nowiki>Breakout Session 3: Female Genital Mutilation - The Facts (2017) - youtu.be/nuaZ_QIx-3U?t=31m44s</nowiki> | ||
|Remember, '''there were no anesthetics''' because for we you have to walk the walk, you have to dance the dance. It's what makes you a woman. When you feel that pain it shows you that pain is all you know as a woman.}}Why are anaesthetics not used? [[File:Indonesia - susanfemalecircumcision-1.jpg|thumb|Medicalised FGM in Indonesia - note the apparent lack of anaesthesia (see also [ | |Remember, '''there were no anesthetics''' because for we you have to walk the walk, you have to dance the dance. It's what makes you a woman. When you feel that pain it shows you that pain is all you know as a woman.}}Why are anaesthetics not used? [[File:Indonesia - susanfemalecircumcision-1.jpg|thumb|Medicalised FGM in Indonesia - note the apparent lack of anaesthesia (see also [https://web.archive.org/web/20220220085627/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/nov/18/female-genital-mutilation-circumcision-indonesia The day I saw 248 girls suffering genital mutilation] The Guardian 2012) |alt=|350x350px]]There are several possible reasons. It may be that mothers and other older females in the family expect their daughters to undergo the same procedure (and suffering) that they did; anaesthetics may be unavailable or too expensive for poor families; the illegality of FGM in many countries may make anaesthetics hard to obtain for 'cutters' - or discourage those who can legitimately obtain and use anaesthetics (such as doctors, midwives and nurses) from practicing FGM. The non-use of anaesthetics may also be to some extent due to the fact that cultures that practice FGM do not perceive it as a medical matter but a religious or technical matter and the concerns, priorities and paraphernalia of medical procedures don't apply. This may also explain why it is so often performed with crude instruments, with no regard to asepsis. | ||
However, probably the most significant factor is that trauma is part of the functionality of FGM. This may explain why why anaesthetics are generally not used even when the mutilation is performed by nurses in a medicalised environment (see photograph to the right). | However, probably the most significant factor is that trauma is part of the functionality of FGM. This may explain why why anaesthetics are generally not used even when the mutilation is performed by nurses in a medicalised environment (see photograph to the right). | ||
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==FGM as Un-Islamic== | ==FGM as Un-Islamic== | ||
{{Quote|[ | {{Quote|[https://web.archive.org/web/20220220085932/https://www.memri.org/tv/egyptian-cleric-supports-fgm-cites-protocols-elders-zion 'Egyptian Cleric: Female Circumcision Has Economic Benefits; Jews Fight It in Keeping with Protocols of the Elders of Zion' (Mar 27, 2017)]|”The discussion about female circumcision goes back to the past century. The first time that this subject was debated extensively was in the past century. Who were the first to talk about it? The Jews. They do not want Islam or the Muslims to be pure, developed, and civilized, so they started talking about it.”}}As the above quote suggests, the idea that FGM might be un-Islamic appears to be relatively new. The earliest fatwa clearly critical of FGM appears to be from 1984<ref name=":1">p54 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=qof6J4n1860C&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=Sheikh+Abu-Sabib+1984&source=bl&ots=-apLOOha6B&sig=dpINFFLI-N9KO8_FmEET-MDFKbI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXh5Gi5OfcAhVOyoUKHeSgDWUQ6AEwC3oECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Sheikh%20Abu-Sabib%201984&f=false "Sexual Mutilations: A Human Tragedy" By International Symposium On Sexual Mutiliations 1996]</ref> and since then there have been fatwas critical of FGM. However, most are favourable towards the practice. (see [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Female Genital Mutilation#Modern Fatwas|Modern Fatwas]])[[File:Fgmwordsearches.jpg|thumb|NGram for terms: 'FGM', 'Female Genital Mutilation' and 'Female Circumcision'|link=]]An Ngram for the terms ‘fgm’, ‘female genital mutilation’ and ‘female circumcision’ shows an increased use of ‘mutilation’ and 'FGM' as against the more anodyne 'circumcision' starting around 1990. This coincides with the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child, which first identified female genital mutilation as a harmful traditional practice, and mandated that governments abolish it as one of several ''<nowiki/>'traditional practices prejudicial to the health of children'''.<ref>[http://archive.today/2016.10.21-124829/http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx Convention on the Rights of the Child]</ref> Soon afterwards organisations such as the World Health Organisation (1995),<ref>[https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/63602/WHO_FRH_WHD_96.10.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Female genital mutilation : report of a WHO technical working group, Geneva, 17-19 July 1995]</ref> the Council of Europe (1995), and UNICEF & UNFPA (1997)<ref>[https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/41903/9241561866.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Female Genital Mutilation - A Joint WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA Statement]</ref> also issued reports critical of FGM. | ||
For the first time narratives critical of FGM started penetrating the Islamic world, parts of which began to feel uneasy about Islam's association with FGM, and have consequently sought to de-link the two by showing that FGM is un-Islamic. | For the first time narratives critical of FGM started penetrating the Islamic world, parts of which began to feel uneasy about Islam's association with FGM, and have consequently sought to de-link the two by showing that FGM is un-Islamic. | ||