WikiIslam:Citing, Linking, and Quoting: Difference between revisions
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==Citing== | ==Citing== | ||
Any claim or material that is likely to be challenged must be cited. All claims must be supported by scholarly sources and not reliant solely on reasoning provided by editors. | Any claim or material that is likely to be challenged must be cited. All claims must be supported by scholarly sources and not reliant solely on reasoning provided by editors. Thus, for instance, a claim that Riadh is the capitol of modern-day Saudi Arabia needn't be cited since it is unlikely to be challenged, but it must be backable by an established academic source were such a challenge to arise (which it is). A claim that the original Qur'anic rasm did not have dots, on the other hand, may well be challenged by lay people, so such a claim requires an academic citation. | ||
All sources must be third-party published sources, and must avoid tabloid and unreliable sources. Sources must verify the claim being made, and must not be copy-pasted from it unless it is being quoted. Cite in MLA or APA format when possible unless you are citing direct Islamic scriptures. | All sources must be third-party published sources, and must avoid tabloid and unreliable sources. Sources must verify the claim being made, and must not be copy-pasted from it unless it is being quoted. Cite in MLA or APA format when possible unless you are citing direct Islamic scriptures. | ||
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'''Amended version:''' | '''Amended version:''' | ||
" | "According to the traditional Islamic narrative, the beginnings of the Qur'an were conceived as Muhammad began to leave his wife and children to pray alone in a cave several weeks each year.<ref>Emory C. Bogle (1998), p. 6</ref><ref>John Henry Haaren, Addison B. Poland (1904), p. 83</ref> According to Islamic belief, when he was about forty years old (610 AD) he was visited by the Angel [[Gabriel]] (جبريل ''Jibreel'') and commanded to recite verses sent by Allah.<ref>Brown (2003), pp. 72–73</ref> These verses would later become what is believed to be the first part of Sura 96.<ref>Wensinck, A.J.; Rippen, A. (2002). "Waḥy". ''Encyclopaedia of Islam''. '''11''' (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 54. <nowiki>ISBN 90-04-12756-9</nowiki>.</ref> This experience frightened him, and originally thinking he was possessed by a demon, he became suicidal. According to [[Sahih Bukhari]]<ref>...But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while and the Prophet (Mohammad) became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Gabriel would appear before him and say, "O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah's Apostle in truth" whereupon his heart would become quiet and he would calm down and would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Gabriel would appear before him and say to him what he had said before. [https://quranx.com/Hadith/Bukhari/USC-MSA/Volume-9/Book-87/Hadith-111 Sahih Bukhari 9:87:111]</ref> After this first '[[revelation]]' no new ones came for a time, but then after a long period they started up again and continued at a steady rate till his death. The collection of these verses is known as the [[Qur'an]].<ref>Uri Rubin, ''Muhammad'', Encyclopedia of the Qur'an</ref>" | ||
===Citing Formats=== | ===Citing Formats=== | ||
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*Always test generated links. If there is a problem read the relevant template page. Use the reference numbers as found on QuranX if they differ from sunnah.com. The latter has many numbering mistakes, corrected on QuranX. | *Always test generated links. If there is a problem read the relevant template page. Use the reference numbers as found on QuranX if they differ from sunnah.com. The latter has many numbering mistakes, corrected on QuranX. | ||
*Example: Narrated 'Aisha: that '''the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old''', and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e., till his death). Sahih Bukhari 7:62:64 | *Example: Narrated 'Aisha: that '''the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old''', and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e., till his death). Sahih Bukhari 7:62:64 | ||
==Mediums== | ==Mediums== | ||
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==Quoting== | ==Quoting== | ||
Using the quote template can provide useful information from primary sources in a direct manner. However too many of them will cause unnecessary clutter in the page. | Using the quote template can provide useful information from primary sources in a direct manner. However too many of them will cause unnecessary clutter in the page. These should be used for important primary sources and their use should be sparing. Articles made up of mostly quote-box templates should be avoided. The box should include only the relevant text and the citation. | ||
The | |||
The use of the quote box should draw special attention to the intended quote. The quoted text in the box should make an important point in the text of the article. For incomplete or less important supporting quotes, in-text quotations with the relevant citations should be used. | |||
'''Example of cluttered formatting:''' | '''Example of cluttered formatting:''' | ||
Revision as of 09:32, 9 November 2020
This protocol explains where, when, and why editors must cite, link, and quote their sources. For source editing and how to use related templates please go to the WikiIslam:Source_Editing page.
Citing
Any claim or material that is likely to be challenged must be cited. All claims must be supported by scholarly sources and not reliant solely on reasoning provided by editors. Thus, for instance, a claim that Riadh is the capitol of modern-day Saudi Arabia needn't be cited since it is unlikely to be challenged, but it must be backable by an established academic source were such a challenge to arise (which it is). A claim that the original Qur'anic rasm did not have dots, on the other hand, may well be challenged by lay people, so such a claim requires an academic citation.
All sources must be third-party published sources, and must avoid tabloid and unreliable sources. Sources must verify the claim being made, and must not be copy-pasted from it unless it is being quoted. Cite in MLA or APA format when possible unless you are citing direct Islamic scriptures.
The standard method of citing in Wikiislam is with a footnote at the end of the sentence and after the punctuation where the claim it supports appears. More than one citation may be necessary if the claim is heavily disputed or controversial.
Example of weak citing:
"Leaving his wife and children behind during the month of Ramadan, the now wealthy Muhammad would often fall back to a cave located at the summit of Mount Hira, just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz, where he fasted and prayed. According to Islamic belief, when he was about forty years old (610 AD) he was visited by the Angel Gabriel (جبريل Jibreel) and commanded to recite verses sent by Allah. These verses would later become what is believed to be the first part of Sura 96. This experience frightened him, and originally thinking he was possessed by a demon, he became suicidal. According to Sahih Bukhari:"
Amended version:
"According to the traditional Islamic narrative, the beginnings of the Qur'an were conceived as Muhammad began to leave his wife and children to pray alone in a cave several weeks each year.[1][2] According to Islamic belief, when he was about forty years old (610 AD) he was visited by the Angel Gabriel (جبريل Jibreel) and commanded to recite verses sent by Allah.[3] These verses would later become what is believed to be the first part of Sura 96.[4] This experience frightened him, and originally thinking he was possessed by a demon, he became suicidal. According to Sahih Bukhari[5] After this first 'revelation' no new ones came for a time, but then after a long period they started up again and continued at a steady rate till his death. The collection of these verses is known as the Qur'an.[6]"
Citing Formats
Quran
- Full Verse(s) in English - Only use the translations of Pickthall, Yusuf Ali, or Sahih International. Generally, you should use the most accurate translation of the relevant Arabic words.
- Using Quran templates will cite and link automatically (See here and here)
- Chapter (A) and verse (B) numbers will appear in “Quran A:B” format
- Example: Indeed, We have granted you, [O Muhammad], al-Kawthar Qur’an 108:1
Hadith:
- Using hadith templates for appropriate collection will cite and link automatically (See here)
- Quote the full Hadith in English
- Where applicable Use USC-MSA web (English) reference
- For certain hadith collections where USC-MSA is unavailable use the reference system suggested for each collection here (or one of the listed alternatives if necessary). These correspond to the reference systems selected by default for each collection on QuranX.
- Some hadiths may be long - it is acceptable to bold the relevant information to the claim within the hadith. If the hadith is very long, it may be acceptable to place [...] at the beginning and end of an extract.
- Always test generated links. If there is a problem read the relevant template page. Use the reference numbers as found on QuranX if they differ from sunnah.com. The latter has many numbering mistakes, corrected on QuranX.
- Example: Narrated 'Aisha: that the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e., till his death). Sahih Bukhari 7:62:64
Mediums
Book
Lane’s Lexicon (For Terms)
- Word being termed in both original and English language
- “Lane’s Lexicon” linked to appropriate pdf page file on (http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/)
- page number (not pdf file number)
- Example: مَهْدً mahdan - Lane's Lexicon, p.2739
Other Books - In APA or MLA format
- Name of author(s) (mandatory)
- Title of book in italics (mandatory)
- Translated title of book in square brackets after the title if not in English (optional)
- Volume when appropriate
- Name of publisher (mandatory)
- City of publication, e.g. London: Routledge (optional)
- Year of publication of the edition you are citing
- Original year of publication in square brackets, e.g. 2017 [1972] (optional)
- Chapter or page numbers cited, if appropriate
- Edition, if not the first edition
- ISBN (optional)
Article
- Name of the author(s) (mandatory)
- Title of the article within quotation marks (mandatory)
- Year
- Name of the journal in italics (mandatory)
- Volume number, issue number, and page numbers
Web page
- URL (mandatory)
- Name of the author(s) (mandatory)
- Title of the article within quotation marks (mandatory)
- Title or domain name of the website
- Publisher, if known
- Date of publication
- Page number(s) (if applicable)
- Date retrieved (or accessed) the web page (required if the publication date is unknown)
Video
- Director (mandatory)
- Producer, if relevant (mandatory)
- Names of major performers
- Title of the episode in quotation marks (mandatory)
- Title of the film or TV series in italics
- Name of the studio (mandatory)
- Year of release
- Medium (for example: film, videocassette, DVD)
- Approximate time at which event or point of interest occurs, where appropriate
Music/Sound
- Composer(s), songwriter(s), script writer(s), etc… (mandatory)
- Performer(s) (mandatory)
- Title of the song or individual track in quotation marks (mandatory)
- Title of the album in italics (if applicable)
- Name of the record label
- Year of release
- Medium (for example: LP, audio cassette, CD, MP3 file)
- Approximate time at which event or point of interest occurs, where appropriate
Linking
Linking is a way to connect Wikiislam pages within the text. If there exists a page on a subject that is brought up within an article it is encouraged to link the page within the text. However, over-linking can be distracting. By rule of thumb only link the first occurrence of the subject being mentioned in the article.
You can link a subject by enclosing it in double brackets [[X]]
Quoting
Using the quote template can provide useful information from primary sources in a direct manner. However too many of them will cause unnecessary clutter in the page. These should be used for important primary sources and their use should be sparing. Articles made up of mostly quote-box templates should be avoided. The box should include only the relevant text and the citation.
The use of the quote box should draw special attention to the intended quote. The quoted text in the box should make an important point in the text of the article. For incomplete or less important supporting quotes, in-text quotations with the relevant citations should be used.
Example of cluttered formatting:
Shaykh Gibril Haddad says that the evidence Amjad provided above is false.
Amended version:
Shaykh Gibril Haddad states that the passage mentioned is misinterpreted, stating "Al-Tabari nowhere reports that 'Abu Bakr's four children were all born in Jahiliyya' but only that Abu Bakr married both their mothers in Jahiliyya, Qutayla bint Sa`d and Umm Ruman, who bore him four children in all, two each, `A'isha being the daughter of Umm Ruman."[7]
See Also
References
- ↑ Emory C. Bogle (1998), p. 6
- ↑ John Henry Haaren, Addison B. Poland (1904), p. 83
- ↑ Brown (2003), pp. 72–73
- ↑ Wensinck, A.J.; Rippen, A. (2002). "Waḥy". Encyclopaedia of Islam. 11 (2nd ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 54. ISBN 90-04-12756-9.
- ↑ ...But after a few days Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was also paused for a while and the Prophet (Mohammad) became so sad as we have heard that he intended several times to throw himself from the tops of high mountains and every time he went up the top of a mountain in order to throw himself down, Gabriel would appear before him and say, "O Muhammad! You are indeed Allah's Apostle in truth" whereupon his heart would become quiet and he would calm down and would return home. And whenever the period of the coming of the inspiration used to become long, he would do as before, but when he used to reach the top of a mountain, Gabriel would appear before him and say to him what he had said before. Sahih Bukhari 9:87:111
- ↑ Uri Rubin, Muhammad, Encyclopedia of the Qur'an
- ↑ Our Mother A'isha's Age At The Time Of Her Marriage to The Prophet Shaykh Gibril Haddad