Historical Attestation of Muhammad
Title: Historicity of Muhammad
Introduction
Timeline
- 622 Hijrah?
- 633 Death of Muhammad?
- 634 Doctrina Jacobi : "Prophet who has appeared with the Saracens"
- ~636 Syriac Gospel Fragment : " killing of {the Arabs of} Muhammad (Muhmd)"
- 637 Arab conquest of Jerusalem
- ~639 Sophronius : Saracen conquests
- ~640 Thomas the Presbyter : "the Arabs of Muhammad (tayyaye d-Mhmt)"
- 656 First Islamic Civil War- First Fitna. End 661.
- ~660's Sebeos, Bishop Of The Bagratunis : "Mahmet" - details of life
- 690's John, Bishop of Nikiu : "Moslem", "Mohammed"
- 691 Arab-Sassanian coin : "Muhammad rasūl Allāh"
- 692 Dome of the Rock Inscription : "Muhammad - Jesus", Qur'anic verses
- 696 Reformed Coinage : "Muhammad"
- 761 Ibn Ishaq - Sīratu Rasūli l-Lāh
- 776 Graffiti from northern Arabia : First mention of Quran - generic "book"
- 810 Tombstone, Egypt / Quran - first explicit reference
- 826 Muhammad al-Bukhari / Begins Hadith collection. d 870.
- 840 Ibn Hisham - Copy of Ibn Ishaq's work
- 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus
- 876 Earliest Qur'an Manuscript Fragment - (no later than this date)