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Taqiyya (تقية pronunce alternative taqiyeh, taqiya, taqiyah, tuqyah) è una forma di dissimulazione religiosa,^[1] o un esonero legale con il quale un individuo credente può negare la sua fede Islamica o commettere atti illegali o atti blasfemi nel momento in cui rischiano di essere gravemente perseguitati.^[2] Tutto questo_ è basato su dei versetti Coranici che istruiscono i Musulmani a non "avere per amici o sostenitori i Miscredenti invece dei credenti... eccetto per precauzione,__"^[3] e per non pronunciare la propria miscredenza__ "ad eccezione [mentre] di essere costretti ".^[4]

Questa pratica è enfatizzata nell'Islam Shi'ita i cui aderenti possono nascondere la loro religione quando sono minacciati, perseguitati, o forzati.^[5] La Taqiyya, com'è inteso ai giorni nostri__, fu sviluppata_ per proteggere gli Shi'iti che erano solitamente__ in minoranza e sotto pressione da parte della maggioranza Sunni. Secondo gli Shi'iti, la taqiyya è legittima nelle situazioni in cui__ c'è un grande pericolo di perderemla propria vita o la propria proprietà e quando non ci siano pericoli per la propria religione.___^[1]

Il termine taqiyya non viene generalmente usato tra i Sunniti. Tuttavia, è stato discusso in maniera positiva e ben chiara da diversi studiosi Sunniti, trai i quali Ibn Kathir^[6] e Al-Suyuti,^[7] e il vero concetto in se__ esiste nella giurisprudenza Sunnita (Fiqh).^[8]^[9] Esistono anche diversi casi documentati nella storia di Sunniti praticanti la taqiyya quando fu necessario farlo. Per esempio, nell'inquisizione miḥna durante il Califfato di al-Ma’mun, alcuni studiosi Sunniti usarono la taqiyya, affermando che il Corano è stato creato nonostante stessero__ credendo l'opposto.^[10]

I critici dell'Islam sono spesso ridicolizzati perchè tendono a confondere la dottrina della taqiyya con quella della menzogna in generale, portando all'erronea classificazione di tutte le forme di menzogna religiosa come un esempio di "taqiyya". Comunque, la taqiyya è solo uno degli aspetti delle menzogne nell'Islam, non il complesso del soggetto in se__.

Vedi Anche

Lying (Primary Sources)

Referenze

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Momen, Moojan, "An Introduction to Shi'i Islam", Yale University Press, pp. 39, 183, ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5, 1985.
↑ Stewart, Devin, "Islam in Spain after the Reconquista", Teaching Materials, The Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York University, http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/program/neareast/test/andalusia/2_p8_text.html.
↑ "Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: except by way of precaution, that ye may Guard yourselves from them..." - Corano 3:28
↑ "Chiunque che, dopo aver accettato la fede in Allah, pronuncia Miscredenza,__- ad eccezione di esserne costretti, il suo cuore rimane saldo nella Fede_ - ma così come è aperto il loro petto alla Miscredenza, su di loro c'è l'ira di Allah..." - Corano 16:106
↑ "Taqiyah". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. John L. Esposito, Ed. Oxford University Press. 2003. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
↑ "(unless you indeed fear a danger from them) meaning, except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers. In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly. For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them. Al-Bukhari said that Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed until the Day of Resurrection." - Tafsir Ibn Kathir, The Prohibition of Supporting the Disbelievers
↑ "Let not the believers take the disbelievers as patrons, rather than, that is, instead of, the believers — for whoever does that, that is, [whoever] takes them as patrons, does not belong to, the religion of, God in anyway — unless you protect yourselves against them, as a safeguard (tuqātan, ‘as a safeguard’, is the verbal noun from taqiyyatan), that is to say, [unless] you fear something, in which case you may show patronage to them through words, but not in your hearts: this was before the hegemony of Islam and [the dispensation] applies to any individual residing in a land with no say in it." - Tafsir al-Jalalayn (Surah 3 Ayah 28), trans. Feras Hamza, 2012 Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought
↑ "All scholars of the Muslim Ummah agree on the fact that at times when one is forced, one can denounce Islam." - Husain bin Masood al-Baghawi, Tafsir Ma'alim at-Tanzeel, published in Bombay, vol. 2, P. 214.
↑ "It is permissible to swear at Rasulullah when one is under duress and to recite the Kalima of Kufr in the fear of losing property or of getting murdered provided that the heart is at comfort." - Nizam al-Din al-Shashi, Usul al-Shashi, Chapter "Al Dheema", p. 114.
↑ Virani, Shafique N., "The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation", New York: Oxford University Press, p. 48, ISBN 978-0-19-531173-0, 2009.

[Momen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Momen, Moojan, "An Introduction to Shi'i Islam", Yale University Press, pp. 39, 183, ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5, 1985.

[StewartNYUEssay-2] Stewart, Devin, "Islam in Spain after the Reconquista", Teaching Materials, The Hagop Kevorkian Center for Near Eastern Studies at New York University, http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/program/neareast/test/andalusia/2_p8_text.html.

[3] "Let not the believers Take for friends or helpers Unbelievers rather than believers: if any do that, in nothing will there be help from Allah: except by way of precaution, that ye may Guard yourselves from them..." - Corano 3:28

[4] "Chiunque che, dopo aver accettato la fede in Allah, pronuncia Miscredenza,__- ad eccezione di esserne costretti, il suo cuore rimane saldo nella Fede_ - ma così come è aperto il loro petto alla Miscredenza, su di loro c'è l'ira di Allah..." - Corano 16:106

[5] "Taqiyah". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. John L. Esposito, Ed. Oxford University Press. 2003. Retrieved 25 May 2011.

[6] "(unless you indeed fear a danger from them) meaning, except those believers who in some areas or times fear for their safety from the disbelievers. In this case, such believers are allowed to show friendship to the disbelievers outwardly, but never inwardly. For instance, Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Ad-Darda' said, "We smile in the face of some people although our hearts curse them. Al-Bukhari said that Al-Hasan said, "The Tuqyah is allowed until the Day of Resurrection." - Tafsir Ibn Kathir, The Prohibition of Supporting the Disbelievers

[7] "Let not the believers take the disbelievers as patrons, rather than, that is, instead of, the believers — for whoever does that, that is, [whoever] takes them as patrons, does not belong to, the religion of, God in anyway — unless you protect yourselves against them, as a safeguard (tuqātan, ‘as a safeguard’, is the verbal noun from taqiyyatan), that is to say, [unless] you fear something, in which case you may show patronage to them through words, but not in your hearts: this was before the hegemony of Islam and [the dispensation] applies to any individual residing in a land with no say in it." - Tafsir al-Jalalayn (Surah 3 Ayah 28), trans. Feras Hamza, 2012 Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought

[8] "All scholars of the Muslim Ummah agree on the fact that at times when one is forced, one can denounce Islam." - Husain bin Masood al-Baghawi, Tafsir Ma'alim at-Tanzeel, published in Bombay, vol. 2, P. 214.

[9] "It is permissible to swear at Rasulullah when one is under duress and to recite the Kalima of Kufr in the fear of losing property or of getting murdered provided that the heart is at comfort." - Nizam al-Din al-Shashi, Usul al-Shashi, Chapter "Al Dheema", p. 114.

[10] Virani, Shafique N., "The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation", New York: Oxford University Press, p. 48, ISBN 978-0-19-531173-0, 2009.

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