Early Conversions to Islam
Historical:
In the 9th century, Samaritans of Palestine faced persecution and forced conversion at the hands of a rebel leader ibn Firāsa, against whom they were defended by Abbasid caliphate troops.[1]
Ismail I, founder of the Safavid dynasty in Persia, decreed Twelver Shia Islam to be the official religion of state and ordered executions of a number of Sunni intellectuals who refused to accept Shiism.[2][3] Non-Muslims faced frequent persecutions and at times forced conversions under the rule of his successors.[4] Thus, after the capture of the Hormuz Island, Abbas I required local Christians to convert to Islam, Abbas II granted his ministers authority to force Jews to become Muslims, and Sultan Husayn decreed forcible conversion of Zoroastrians.[5] In 1839, during the Qajar era the Jewish community in the city of Mashhad was attacked by a mob and subsequently forced to convert to Islam.[6]
Modern:
In 2017, many members of the Orang Rimba tribe in Indonesia, especially children, were being forced to renounce their folk religion and convert to Islam.[7]
In 2018, Kurdish Christians were being forced to convert to Islam.[8]
- ↑ Moshe Gil. A History of Palestine, 634-1099. CUP Archive. p. 822, 1992. https://books.google.com/books?id=tSM4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA822.
- ↑ Savory, R.M., Gandjeï, T.. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. ed,. Ismāʿīl I. 4 (2nd ed.). Brill. p. 186, 2012.
- ↑ H.R. Roemer. William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Lawrence Lockhart. ed,. The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 6. Cambridge University Press. p. 218, 1986.
- ↑ Lewis, Bernard (1984). The Jews of Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Template:ISBN. p.52
- ↑ Lapidus, Ira M.. A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-0-521-51430-9, 2014.
- ↑ Pirnazar, Jaleh, "The "Jadid al-Islams" of Mashhad", Foundation for Iranian Studies, Bethesda, MD, USA: Foundation for Iranian Studies, http://www.fis-iran.org/en/irannameh/volxix/mashhad-jewish-community.
- ↑ Henschke, Rebecca, "Indonesia's Orang Rimba: Forced to renounce their faith", BBC (archived from the original), https://web.archive.org/web/20171117121109/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41981430.
- ↑ https://www.breakingisraelnews.com/104214/kurdish-christians-facing-forced-conversions-in-syrias-afrin-province/#47q2s7QPq4kewUxx.97