Islam

A great emphasis is placed upon "tawheed", which means worshiping only Allah and no other gods ^[1]. Muslims repeat phrases like "No god, but Allah!" (la ilaha illa allah) or "Allah is the greatest!" (Allahu Akbar) to emphasize the rejection of other gods. Polytheists are called Mushrik مشرك and polytheism is called shirk شرك and Islam even accuses other monotheistic religions, like Christianity of committing shirk (claiming Jesus is the son of God is a type of shirk). Similarly fundamental to the religion is the belief in the perfection of Muhammad in all parts of his life. Muhammad's way of life is called the sunnah, and this is studied through what was alleged to have been transmitted of Muhammad's saying in the hadiths and sira.

Islam is considered to be one of Abrahamic religions, as the Qur'an builds on much of the content of the Bible. The Qur'an talks about Abraham, Moses and Jesus (however, Jesus is considered to be only a prophet, and not the son of God). The Qur'an refers frequently to Jewish, Christian and pagan myths which were wide-spread in 7th century Arabia.

The Qur'an contains many verses dealing with Muhammad's personal life (for instance, there is an entire chapter dedicated to stating that the creator of the universe being angry at Muhammad's uncle, Abu Lahab) and the early Muslim community. Islamic law or Sharia permits raiding, kidnapping and enslaving non-Muslims from Dar al Harb.^[2] The Qur'an also comprises many other legal and moral commandments for Muslims, and gives direction and guidance to the Muslim polity or caliphate. These commandments are, today, of controversial nature, as many of the Qur'an's legal rulings tend to marginalize, among others, women, non-Muslims, homosexuals, and apostates. The political commandments are likewise controversial, as they frequently assert the need for global domination and conquest, not shying away from describing in explicit terms the great multitudes that will need to be slain in the process. Literal readings of the Qur'an's legal and political commandments constitute Islamic orthodoxy, though, in the absence of a "legitimate" caliphate, most orthodox voices suggest the political commandments need not be followed through with (legal commandments, however, are generally promoted for implementation). Islamists, on the other hand, believe that in the absence of a legitimate caliphate, the caliphate must be actively pursued. Indeed, it is the Islamists who are responsible for the great majority of Islamic extremism and Islamic terrorism.

• The Meaning of Islam