Olamning Qurondagi manzarasi

A checked version of this page, approved on 8 October 2013, was based on this revision.

Ushbu maqolada Quronda olam qanday tushuntirilgani yoritiladi.

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Ibrohimiy dinlarga binoan olam

Kirish

Fizik olamning Qurondagi manzarasi qadimgi Yaqin Sharq va unga qöshni mintaqalar - yunon va rumliklarning borliq haqidagi bilim va tushunchalaridan kam bölsa kam-ki, ortiq emas. U paytga kelib ayrim madaniyatlar Yer sayyorasi sharsimon ekanligini tushunib yetgan bölsa, Quronda Yer tekis deyiladi.

Bazi fikrlarga binoan qadimgi diniy manbalarni sözma-söz qabul qilish shart emas, ayrim qismlarini köchma manoda tushunish mumkin. Biroq musulmonlarning aksariyati bunday fikrlamay, Quronni xudoning aynan sözi, deb ishonishadi. Bu maqolada esa Quronni xudodan kelgan, deb emas, balki Muhammadning sözlari, deb qabul qilinadi va Muhammadning olam haqidagi tushunchasi körsatiladi.

Quron kosmologiyasi

Osmonlar va Yer

Quron kosmologiyasi haqida yozishni islomiy olamning nihoyatda kichkina va sodda ekanligini eslatishdan boshlash lozim. Quronga binoan olam atigi ikkita qismdan: osmonlar va yerdan iborat.

Islomda zamonaviy odamlar biladigan boshqa astronomik qamrovlar yöq. Quronda yulduz tizimlari, galaktikalari, vakuum degan narsalar haqida yozilmagan. Yer koinotdagi bazi boshqa jismlar kabi sayyora, Quyoshning esa bir yulduz ekani haqida hech nima deyilmaydi. Quron kosmologiyasi asosan qurollanmagan köz bilan körinadigan osmon jismlari bilan chegaralangan; qadimgilar köra olmagan jismlarni tasvirlashda esa qattiq yanglishadi.

Yaratilish zamirida "osmonlar va yer" yotishi Quronda takror va takror eslatiladi, bu ikki narsaning "ajratilishi" esa Allohning butun olamni qanday yaratganini körsatish uchun ishlatiladi.

Kofir bölgan kimsalar osmonlar ham, yer ham tösiq bölganini, bas, Biz ularni ochib yuborganimizni va barcha jonli mavjudotni suvdan qilganimizni körmadilarmi?! Endi ham iymon keltirmaydilarmi?!

Quron 21:30

Bu ikki joyning favquloddaligiga takroran urğu beriladi. Bu ikki joydan boshqa joy eslatilmaydi. Quron mualliflari Allohninh hamma narsadan boxabarligini bildirish uchun "osmonlar va yer" iborasini ishlatib, göyoki butun olam shulardangina iborat ekaniga ishora qilishadi.

O our Lord! truly Thou dost know what we conceal and what we reveal: for nothing whatever is hidden from Allah, whether on earth or in heaven.

Quron 14:38

Say: "My Lord knoweth (every) word (spoken) in the heavens and on earth: He is the One that heareth and knoweth (all things).

Quron 21:4

Knowest thou not that Allah knows all that is in heaven and on earth? Indeed it is all in a Record, and that is easy for Allah.

Quron 22:70

To Allah belong all things in heaven and earth: verily Allah is He (that is) free of all wants, worthy of all praise.

Quron 31:26

The “heavens and the earth” are also described as a sort of “container” within which the entire Universe (that man experiences) operates. There is only heaven, earth, and the things between them.

Not for (idle) sport did We create the heavens and the earth and all that is between!

Quron 21:16

Not surprisingly, the nature of this space “between the heavens and the earth” is described according to the straightforward (if false) perception of a human standing on the ground. Looking in all directions, the Earth appears to be basically flat, and the circular horizon gives the impression of standing at the center of a flat disc. Looking up, the sky (heaven) appears as a solid blue dome reaching its greatest height directly overhead, and anchored at or beyond the horizon. This is essentially (as we will discuss in detail) what we find in the Qur'an.

Additionally, the Qur'an is clear that when Allah created the heavens and the earth, the earth came first.

Say (O Muhammad, unto the idolaters): Disbelieve ye verily in Him Who created the earth in two Days, and ascribe ye unto Him rivals? He (and none else) is the Lord of the Worlds. He placed therein firm hills rising above it, and blessed it and measured therein its sustenance in four Days, alike for (all) who ask; Then turned He to the heaven when it was smoke, and said unto it and unto the earth: Come both of you, willingly or loth. They said: We come, obedient.

Quron 41:9

And

He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.

Quron 2:29

So there we have the basic framework. The earth is a flat disc, and the heavens are a solid dome (actually seven solid domes) overhead. For a look at more of the details, let us first consider the heavens.