Five Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam (أركان الإسلام) is the term given to the five duties which are compulsory (Fard) for every Muslim. This concept is not found in the Qur'an, but within the sira and hadith, without which four out of five of these pillars would not exist.
Shahadah
The Shahadah, which means "testimony", is the name of the Islamic profession of faith. It is the most important of all Five Pillars, and its recitation in Arabic is required for a person to become a Muslim.[1] It reads, "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." Shi'ite Muslims may add "and Ali is the friend of Allah," but this is not obligatory.[2]
Salah
Salah is the practice of formal prayer in Islam. It is a ritual prayer, having prescribed conditions, procedures, and times. It consists of five daily prayers: Fajr (dawn), Zuhr (noon), Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (evening), and Isha'a (night). Muslims must wash before prayer; this washing is called wudu ("purification").
Sawm
Sawm is the term which refers to Islamic fasting. The observance of sawm during the Islamic month of Ramadan is compulsory.[3] Adherents usually wake up before dawn and eat and drink to prepare for the fast. During the fast, they refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and engaging in sexual intercourse from dawn (fajr) to sunset (maghrib).
Zakat
Zakat is an obligatory tax[4] required of Muslims, amounting to about 2.5% of one's wealth over the course of a year. Under the caliphates, the collection and expenditure of zakat was a function of the state (this still remains the case in countries such as Saudi Arabia).[4] Slaves and horses owned by Muslims are exempt from this taxation,[5][6] and it is generally agreed that non-Muslims are not to benefit from the alms giving.[7]
Hajj
The Hajj is a pilgrimage to the city of Mecca which every able-bodied Muslim is obliged to make at least once in their life.[8] The pilgrimage takes place on the 12th month of the Islamic calendar (Dhu al-Hijjah). The main rituals include walking seven times around the Kaaba, touching the Black Stone, traveling seven times between Mount Safa and Mount Marwah, and symbolically stoning the Devil in Mina.[9]
Jihad
Jihad is sometimes referred to as the sixth pillar of Islam, as it is also a compulsory duty, and Prophet Muhammad referred to it as "better than standing in prayer for sixty years"[10] and second in importance only to the belief in Allah and himself.[11] According to some Shi'ite sects it is the seventh not sixth pillar.[12]
See Also
References
- ↑ Embracing Islam - The Modern Religion
- ↑ Shahada - Encyclopedia of the Middle East
- ↑ Farah (1994), p.144-145
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "zakat (Islamic tax)", Encyclopedia Britannica, accessed November 16, 2013 (archived), http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/655448/zakat.
- ↑ "Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "There is no Zakat either on a horse or a slave belonging to a Muslim"" - Sahih Bukhari 2:24:542
- ↑ "Narrated Abu Huraira :- The Prophet said,"There is no Zakat either on a slave or on a horse belonging to a Muslim." - Sahih Bukhari 2:24:543
- ↑ Haytham bin Jawwad al-Haddad, "The way of giving Zakat al-Fitr in non-Islamic Lands", IslamicAwakening, Article ID: 984, November 20, 2002 (archived), http://www.islamicawakening.com/viewarticle.php?articleID=984.
- ↑ Farah (1994), p.145-147
- ↑ Hoiberg (2000), p.237–238
- ↑ "Standing for an hour in the ranks of battle is better than standing in prayer for sixty years." - Saheeh related by Ibn Ade and Ibn Asakir from Abu Hurayrah 4/6165. Sahih al Jaami as Sagheer no. 4305
- ↑ "Allah's Apostle was asked, "What is the best deed?" He replied, "To believe in Allah and His Apostle (Muhammad). The questioner then asked, "What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, "To participate in Jihad (religious fighting) in Allah's Cause."" - Sahih Bukhari 1:2:26
- ↑ Sixth pillar of Islam - The Fact-Index, accessed October 2, 2010