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* 622 Hijrah? | * 622 Hijrah? | ||
* 633 Death of Muhammad? | * 633 Death of Muhammad? | ||
* 634 Doctrina Jacobi / "Prophet who has appeared with the Saracens" | |||
* ~636 Syriac Gospel Fragment / " killing of {the Arabs of} Muhammad (Muhmd)" | |||
* 637 Arab conquest of Jerusalem | * 637 Arab conquest of Jerusalem | ||
* ~639 Sophronius / Saracen conquests | |||
* ~640 Thomas the Presbyter / "the Arabs of Muhammad (tayyaye d-Mhmt)" | |||
* ~640 Peter, governor of Numidia / " barbarous people of the desert" | |||
* ~650's Short Graffiti - rock etchings / God | * ~650's Short Graffiti - rock etchings / God | ||
* 678 Dam near Tā'if in the Hijāz / God | * ~670 Archdeacon Theodore contemporary to Sophronius / Saracen - Mosque Jerusalem | ||
* 688 Bridge in Fustat / God | * 678 Inscription on Dam near Tā'if in the Hijāz / God | ||
* 688 Inscription on Bridge in Fustat / God | |||
* 690's John, Bishop of Nikiu / "Moslem", "Mohammed" | |||
* 692 Dome of the Rock Inscription / Muhammad / Jesus | * 692 Dome of the Rock Inscription / Muhammad / Jesus | ||
* 696 Reformed Coinage / Muhammad | * 696 Reformed Coinage / Muhammad | ||
* ~750-800. Papyrus fragments. | * ~750-800. Papyrus fragments. | ||
* 776 Graffiti from northern Arabia / Quran - generic "book" | |||
* 810 Tombstone, Egypt / Quran - first explicit reference | |||
* 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus | * 843 The earliest dated literary papyrus | ||
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** Bridge in Fustat 69 / 688 - God | ** Bridge in Fustat 69 / 688 - God | ||
** Palace of Muwaqqar, for of Yazīd II (720-24) | ** Palace of Muwaqqar, for of Yazīd II (720-24) | ||
'''Early Arab Coins and Inscriptions''' | '''Early Arab Coins and Inscriptions''' | ||
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophronius_of_Jerusalem]. Patriarch of Jerusalem from 634 until his death. | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophronius_of_Jerusalem]. Patriarch of Jerusalem from 634 until his death. | ||
* [http://elektratig.blogspot.com/2012/06/did-muhammad-exist-doctrina-jacobi.html]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_of_Jacob]. Doctrina Jacobi. | * [http://elektratig.blogspot.com/2012/06/did-muhammad-exist-doctrina-jacobi.html]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_of_Jacob]. Doctrina Jacobi. | ||
* [http://www.christianorigins.com/islamrefs.html] "External References to Islam" | |||
** Robert G. Hoyland in 1997 published an important book entitled "Seeing Islam as Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam". | |||