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Jak islámští vynálezci nezměnili svět: Difference between revisions

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===Šachy===
===Šachy===
{{Quote||A form of chess was played in ancient India but the game was developed into the form we know it today in Persia. From there it spread westward to Europe - where it was introduced by the Moors in Spain in the 10th century - and eastward as far as Japan. The word rook comes from the Persian rukh, which means chariot.<ref name="Paul Vallely"></ref>}}
{{Quote||Určitá forma šachů byla hrána ve starověké indii, ale hra byla vyvinuta do podoby, jak ji známe dnes v Persii. Z tama se rozšířila na západ do Evropy - kde byla představena maury ve španělsku v desátém století - a také na východ do Japonska.<ref name="Paul Vallely"></ref>}}
[[File:Albanian chesspiece.jpg|thumb|100px|left| The 6th Century chess piece found in Butrint, Albania.]]
[[File:Albanian chesspiece.jpg|thumb|100px|left| Šachová figurka z 6. století nalezená v Butrint, Albania.]]
British archaeologists in July 2002 unearthed an ivory chess piece, at a Byzantine palace in southern Albania proving that Europeans were playing chess a lot earlier than what was previously thought. The recent discoveries, dating back to the 6<sup>th</sup> Century (500 years older than any other), seem to have been largely ignored to allow Muslims to claim that they were the real brains that introduced chess to the idiotic West 400 years later, through Spain in the 10<sup>th</sup> Century.<ref>"[{{Reference archive|1=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2155916.stm|2=2011-02-07}} Ancient chess history unearthed]", BBC News, July 27, 2002</ref> And while the form of chess we know today was largely (though not completely) developed in Persia, it was by Zoroastrian (rather than Islamic) Persians prior to the Muslim Arab invasions. Also ironic is the fact that chess is forbidden in Islam, as it was condemned by [[Muhammad]] who compared playing chess with dying ones hand with the flesh and blood of swine.<ref>"''Buraida reported on the authority of his father that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) said: He who played chess is like one who dyed his hand with the flesh and blood of swine.''" - {{Muslim|28|5612}}</ref><ref> "''Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umar that when he found one of his family playing dice he beat him and destroyed the dice.''  
Britští archeologové v červenci 2002 vykopali šachovou figurku ze slonoviny, u byzantského paláce v jižní Albánii, čímž dokázali, že evropané hráli šachy mnohem dříve, než se předpokládalo. Nedávné objevy z šestého století jsou zřejmě ignorovny pro to, aby mohli tvrdit, že vymysleli šachy pro hloupý západ o 400 let později, skrze Španělsko v 10. stoeltí.<ref>"[{{Reference archive|1=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2155916.stm|2=2011-02-07}} Ancient chess history unearthed]", BBC News, July 27, 2002</ref> A i když forma šachů tak, jak je známe dnes byla z větší části vyvinuta v Persii, byli to zoroastriánští peršané (ne islámští), před muslimskými invazemi. Zároveň je ironickým faktem, že šachy jsou v islámu zakázány, jelikož byly odsouzeny Mohamedem, který přirovnal hraní šachů k barvení rukou prasečím tělem a krví.<ref>"''Buraida oznámil z pověření jeho otce, že Aláhův apoštol (swt) řekl: Ten kdo hraje šachy je jako ten, kdo obarvil své ruce prasečí krví.''" - {{Muslim|28|5612}}</ref><ref> "''Yahya mi řekl od Malik od Nafi od Abdullah ibn Umar, že když našel někoho ze své rodiny hrát kostky, zbil ho a rozbil je.''  


''Yahya said that he heard Malik say, "There is no good in chess, and he disapproved of it." Yahya said, "I heard him disapprove of playing it and other worthless games. He recited this ayat, 'What is there after the truth except going the wrong way.' " (Sura l0 ayat 32).''" -{{Muwatta|52|2|7|}}</ref> So in reality, Paul Vallely and Muslims themselves claiming Islam was the cause of the spread of chess to Europe is an offence to the pious, and would no doubt have Muhammad rolling in his grave.  
''Yahya řekl, že lsyšel Malika říkat: "Není nic dobrého na šachách a on je zakázal." Yahya řekl: "Slyšel jsem ho zakázat hraní a jiné zbytečné hry. Recitoval tento verš: ' co zůstane jiného, odejde-li pravda, než bloudění?' " (Sura l0 ayat 32).''" -{{Muwatta|52|2|7|}}</ref> Takže ve skutečnosti Paul Vallely a samotní muslimové tvrdící, že islám byl důvodem rozšiřování šachů v Evropě je urážkou zbožným a jistě se díky tomu Mohamed obrací v horbě.
    
    
===Létání===
===Létání===
{{Quote||A thousand years before the Wright brothers a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In 852 he jumped from the minaret of the Grand Mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden
{{Quote||Tisíc let před bratry Wrightovými, muslimský básník, astronom, hudebník a inženýr jménem Abbas ibn Firnas udělal několik pokusů o sestrojení létajícího stroje. Roku 852 skočil z minaertu Velké mešity v Cordobě s použitím pláště podepřeného kousky dřeva. Doufal, že bude létat jako pták. Nelétal. Ale plášť zpomalil jeho pád, čímž stvořil to, co je považováno za první padák a vyvázl jen s lehkými zraněními. Roku 875, ve věku  70 let, vytvořil zařízení z hedvábí a orlího peří to zkusil znova, skočit z hory. Vyletěl do velké výšky a zůstal nahoře deset minut, ale narazil při dopadu - z čehož korektně vyvodil, že to bylo kvůli tomu, že svému zařízení nedal ocas aby při dopadu stálo. Jsou po něm pojmenovány letiště v Bagdádu a kráter na Měsíci.<ref name="Paul Vallely"></ref>}}
struts. He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn't. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be the first parachute, and leaving him with only minor injuries. In 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk and eagles' feathers he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing - concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing. Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon are named after him.<ref name="Paul Vallely"></ref>}}


To get to the root of the facts concerning who was the first to fly, one must go to the very basics first. As far as flying is concerned, at the beginning were the kites, and these were a Chinese invention. They date back as far as 3,000 years, where they were made from bamboo and silk in China. The earliest written account of kite flying was about 200 BC. In 478 BC a Chinese Philosopher, Mo Zi, spent three years making a hawk from light wood or bamboo which sailed with the wind. It could fly, but after one day’s trial it was wrecked. Kites were also used in Chinese warfare for years. They carried hideously painted faces, pipes and strings that gave noises to frighten the enemy.
To get to the root of the facts concerning who was the first to fly, one must go to the very basics first. As far as flying is concerned, at the beginning were the kites, and these were a Chinese invention. They date back as far as 3,000 years, where they were made from bamboo and silk in China. The earliest written account of kite flying was about 200 BC. In 478 BC a Chinese Philosopher, Mo Zi, spent three years making a hawk from light wood or bamboo which sailed with the wind. It could fly, but after one day’s trial it was wrecked. Kites were also used in Chinese warfare for years. They carried hideously painted faces, pipes and strings that gave noises to frighten the enemy.
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