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Land to water ratio miracle in the Qur'an (view source)

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According to some apologists, the Qur'an describes the ratio of land to water on Earth. That is approximately 71.8% water and 29.2% land <ref>http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html</ref>. This ratio isn't stated anywhere in the Qur'an, but according to apologists, the ratio is supposed to be hidden in a ratio of word counts.
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According to some, the Qur'an describes the ratio of land to water on Earth. That is approximately 71% water and 29% land.<ref>http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8o.html</ref> This ratio isn't stated anywhere in the Qur'an, but according to claimants, the ratio is hidden in a ratio of word counts.


The counted words are ''al-barr'' (ٱلْبَرّ) for "land" and ''al-bahr'' (ٱلْبَحْرِ) for "water", but the word ''al-bahr'' actually means "the sea".
The counted words are ''al-barr'' (ٱلْبَرّ) for "land" and ''al-bahr'' (ٱلْبَحْرِ) for "water" (though the word ''al-bahr'' means "the sea", not "water")


==''Al-Barr'' - land==
==''Al-Barr'' - land==
The trilateral root of the word بَرّ (barr) is برر (b-r-r). From this root we can derive many words. Besides "land", there is the meaning of "righteousness" and "kindness". ''Al-Barr'' (The Most Kind or The Good) is one of [[the names of Allah]] <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam</ref>.
The trilateral root of the word بَرّ (barr) is برر (b-r-r). From this root we can derive many words. Besides "land", there is the meaning of "righteousness" and "kindness". ''Al-Barr'' (The Most Kind) is one of the names of Allah.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam</ref> The word ''barr'' consists of only two letters ب (b) and ر (''r''), but there is a ''shadda'' sign above the ر, which makes it double length in pronunciation (رّ - ''rr''). Above the ب is a ''fatha'' sign which determines the ''b'''a'''rr'' vowel (بَ).


This is the list of all the occurrences of words with the root برر in the Qur'an:
This is the list of all the occurrences of words with the root برر in the Qur'an:
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class= "wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
!Count
!Count
!Verse
!Verse
Line 78: Line 79:
|32||83:22||ٱلْأَبْرَارَ||''al-abrara''||the righteous
|32||83:22||ٱلْأَبْرَارَ||''al-abrara''||the righteous
|}
|}
The ''-i'' ending in ''al-barri'' means that the word is in the genitive case.
There are '''12 occurrences''' of this word. They are all exactly the same forms. There are no prefixes, no plural and dual forms, no differences in diacritics, like in word counts for other words. And all other words from the same root have a totally different meaning. Rarely are word counts so clear
===Apologist mental gymnastics===
Some also count the word "creature" (ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''al-bariyyati'')<ref>http://www.answering-christianity.com/land_sea_ratio_miracle.htm</ref> in these two verses:
*1) The verse 98:6 which says that Christians and Jews are '''the worst of creatures''' (شَرُّ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''sharru albariyyati''):
**Dr. Ghali translation: "''Surely (the ones) who have disbelieved among the population of the Book (Or: family of the Book; i.e., the Jews and Christians) and the associators (Those who associate others with Allah) will be in the Fire of Hell, eternally (abiding) therein; those are they who are '''the most evil beings''' (Literally: '''Initiated creatures''').''"
***Note here Dr. Ghali translates شَرُّ (''sharru'') as "initiated" and not "worst", although the word ''sharr'' is used in the Qur'an only in the sense of "evil".<ref>http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=%24rr</ref>
**Muhsin Khan translation: "''Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islam, the Quran and Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikun will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are '''the worst of creatures'''.''"
**Pickthall translation: "''Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of hell. They are the worst of '''created beings'''.''"
**Shakir translation: "''Surely those who disbelieve from among the followers of the Book and the polytheists shall be in the fire of hell, abiding therein; they are '''the worst of men'''.''"
**Yusuf Ali translation: "''Those who reject (Truth), among the People of the Book and among the Polytheists, will be in Hell-Fire, to dwell therein (for aye). They are '''the worst of creatures'''.''"
*2) The verse 98:7 which claims that those who believe in Muhammad (not christians and jews) are the "best creatures" (خَيْرُ ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ, ''khayru albariyyati''):
**Sahih international translation: "''Indeed, they who have believed and done righteous deeds - those are '''the best of creatures'''.''"
**The other translations also translate the word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') as "creatures".
Why do some chose to count the word "creature" as the word "land"? This is because they choose to translate the word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati'') as "land-creatures", although as we've seen, all the major translations translated it simply as "creatures". This group argues that the word ''al-bariyyati'' is derived from the same root برر (b-r-r) as the word ''al-barr'' (land) and therefore their meanings are connected. The word ٱلْبَرِيَّةِ (''al-bariyyati''), however, lacks the double ''r''. It is derived from a completely different root برا (b-r-a) <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/wordmorphology.jsp?location=(98:6:16)</ref>! These words are not connected in meaning. ''al-bariyyati'' has nothing to do with land. Furthermore, the alternate rendition of the verse suggests verse 98:6 to mean "christians and jews are the worst of land-creatures" and the verse 98:7 to mean "muslims are the best of land-creatures", implying, perhaps, that in the sea, there are sea-creatures worse than christians and better than muslims. Such an implication is, of course, absurd, and would seem to rule out the possibility of an alternative translation.
As we shall see, however, even the inclusion of these two extra words fails to achieve the 29:71 ratio that is sought.


==''Al-Bahr'' - sea (not water)==
==''Al-Bahr'' - sea (not water)==
The root for the word ٱلْبَحْر (''al-bahr'') is simply بحر (b-h-r). The words land (''barr'') and sea (''bahr'') often appear together in a verse.
A list of all occurrences of words with the root بحر in the Qur'an:
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"
!Count
!Verse
!Word in Arabic
!Transliteration
!Translation
!Number
|-
|1||2:50||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 1
|-
|2||2:164||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 2
|-
|3||5:96||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 3
|-
|4||5:103||بَحِيرَةٍ||''baheeratin''||'''Bahirah''' *||singular 4
|-
|5||6:59||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 5
|-
|6||6:63||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri'''||and the sea||singular 6
|-
|7||6:97||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 7
|-
|8||7:138||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 8
|-
|9||7:163||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 9
|-
|10||10:22||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 10
|-
|11||10:90||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 11
|-
|12||14:32||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 12
|-
|13||16:14||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 13
|-
|14||17:66||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 14
|-
|15||17:67||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 15
|-
|16||17:70||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 16
|-
|17||18:60||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''al-bahrayni''||the two seas||dual 1
|-
|18||18:61||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 17
|-
|19||18:63||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 18
|-
|20||18:79||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 19
|-
|21||18:109||ٱلْبَحْرُ||''al-bahru''||the sea||singular 20
|-
|22||18:109||ٱلْبَحْرُ||''al-bahru''||the sea||singular 21
|-
|23||20:77||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 22
|-
|24||22:65||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 23
|-
|25||24:40||بَحْرٍ||''bahrin''||a sea||singular 24
|-
|26||25:53||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''al-bahrayni''||the two seas||dual 2
|-
|27||26:63||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 25
|-
|28||27:61||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''albahrayni''||the two seas||dual 3
|-
|29||27:63||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 26
|-
|30||30:41||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 27
|-
|31||31:27||وَٱلْبَحْرُ||''wal-bahru''||and the sea||singular 28
|-
|32||31:27||أَبْحُرٍ||''abhurin''||[seven] seas||plural 1
|-
|33||31:31||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 29
|-
|34||35:12||ٱلْبَحْرَانِ||''al-bahrani''||the two seas||dual 4
|-
|35||42:32||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 30
|-
|36||44:24||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 31
|-
|37||45:12||ٱلْبَحْرَ||''al-bahra''||the sea||singular 32
|-
|38||52:6||وَٱلْبَحْرِ||''wal-bahri''||and the sea||singular 33
|-
|39||55:19||ٱلْبَحْرَيْنِ||''al-bahrayni''||the two seas||dual 5
|-
|40||55:24||ٱلْبَحْرِ||''al-bahri''||the sea||singular 34
|-
|41||81:6||ٱلْبِحَارُ||''al-biharu''||the seas||plural 2
|-
|42||82:3||ٱلْبِحَارُ||''al-biharu''||the seas||plural 3
|}
*In the verse 5:103, ''Bahira'' is a name for a she-camel.<ref>Muhsin Khan provides an explanation in his translation of this verse (5:103), "''Allah has not instituted things like '''Bahirah''' (a she-camel whose milk was spared for the idols and nobody was allowed to milk it) or a Sa'ibah (a she-camel let loose for free pasture for their false gods, e.g. idols, etc., and nothing was allowed to be carried on it), or a Wasilah (a she-camel set free for idols because it has given birth to a she-camel at its first delivery and then again gives birth to a she-camel at its second delivery) or a Ham (a stallion-camel freed from work for their idols, after it had finished a number of copulations assigned for it, all these animals were liberated in honour of idols as practised by pagan Arabs in the pre-Islamic period). But those who disbelieve invent lies against Allah, and most of them have no understanding.''"</ref>
*The ''-i'', ''-u'' and ''-a'' endings in the transliteration just determine the case:
**''-u'' nominative
**''-i'' genitive
**''-a'' accusative
This word count is questionable, because there are dual and plural forms. Should the dual be counted as 2?Let's do some math and convert the ratio to percentage to see whether we get the desired 29% land and 71% water percentages:
*12/45 = 0.2667 that means approximately 27% land
*33/45 = 0.7333 that means approximately 73% water
27:73 is the word count ratio and 29:71 is the actual land to water ratio. They are not the same.
If one attempts this with the 41 occurrences of the word "sea" in all its forms, and 12 + 41 = 53, then you get:
*12 / 53 = 0.2264 that means approximately 23% land
*41 / 53 = 0.7736 that means approximately 77% water
Again, 23:77 is not 29:71.
The only coincidence appears to be that there is more of the word "sea" than "land", just like there is more water than land on earth.
==Further Problems==
Additionally, the word ''al-bahr'' means "sea" and not water. Does the word "sea" include oceans, lakes or rivers? And the Qur'an talks about rivers (أَنْهَٰرٌ, ''al-anharun'') a lot. So shouldn't we add the word counts for "sea" and "river" to get the "water" percentage?
It is also worth noting that the word counts for "land" and "sea" are not in the same ratio as land and water on earth.
==See also==
*[[Word Count Miracles in the Qur'an]]
*[[365 days miracle in the Quran]]
*[[12 months miracle in the Quran]]
*[[Iman and kufr word count in the Qur'an]]
*[[Dunya and akhira word count in the Qur'an]]
*[[Man and woman word count in the Qur'an]]
*[[Paradise and hell word count in the Qur'an]]
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Category:Miracles]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Arabic]]
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