List of expeditions of Muhammad: Difference between revisions

; Key/Legend

! width ="10" | No.

! width ="250" | Name

! width ="100" | Date

! width ="400" | Muhammad's order and reason for expedition

! width ="200" | Casualties description

! width ="220" | Notable primary sources

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| [[Caravan raids#First raid|Al Is Caravan Raid]]

| 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press">{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=In the first two or three expeditions the numbers involved are given as from 20 to 80. In those of the later part of 623 (ii-vi/2), however, when Muhammad himself took part, they are said to have ranged up to 200.}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 127. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tV4Irei online])</ref><ref name="Dr. Mosab">{{cite book|last=Hawarey|first=[http://mosab.hawarey.org/ Dr. Mosab]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJVqNwAACAAJ&dq=9789957051648|isbn=9789957051648|title=The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic)|publisher=Islamic Book Trust |year=2010}}Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available [http://www.webcitation.org/5zLhjeYyz here]</ref><ref name="Wahhab p. 345">Mu?ammad Ibn ?Abd al-Wahhab, Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad, p. 345.</ref>

| Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty<ref name="Richard A. Gabriel p. 73">Richard A. Gabriel, Muhammad, Islam's first great general, p. 73.</ref>

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*None <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/>

*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref name="Wahhab p. 345"/>

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| [[Batn Rabigh Caravan Raid]]

| 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/><ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Wahhab p. 346">Mu?ammad Ibn ?Abd al-Wahhab, Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad, p. 346.</ref>

| Raid Quraysh caravan to relieve themselves from poverty<ref name="Wahhab p. 345"/><ref name="Richard A. Gabriel p. 73"/>

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*None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/>

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*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|57|74}}

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| [[Caravan raids#Third raid|Kharar Caravan Raid]]  

| May & June 623 <ref name="Oxford University Press"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/><ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Wahhab p. 345"/><ref name=autogeneratedy>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=august 623 Then occurred the sariyyah of Sa'd Ibn Abi Waqqa towards al-Kharar in Dhu al-Qa'dah (May–June 623 AC)}}</ref>

| Attack a Quraysh caravan<ref name="Wahhab p. 345"/>

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*None, caravan left<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/>

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*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 4"/>

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| [[Invasion of Waddan]]  

| August 623 <ref name=autogeneratedy>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=GHAZWAH OF AL-ABWA* Then (occurred) the ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, at al-Abwa in Safar (August 623 AC)}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan}}</ref>  

| Attack a Quraysh caravan which included camels<ref name="Wahhab p. 345"/><ref name="autogeneratedy"/>

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*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|4|52|256}}  

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| [[Invasion of Buwat]]  

| October 623 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 118.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=13|quote=Expeditions Led by Muhammad Then the Messenger of God led an expedition in Rabi' al-Akhir (which began October 2, 623) in search of Quraysh. He went as far as Buwat}}</ref>

| Raid a Quraysh caravan which included 200 camels<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 128. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tV4Irei online])</ref><ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=285}}</ref>

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*None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 127"/>

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*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref name="books.google.co.uk"/>

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| [[Invasion of Dul Ashir]]  

| December 623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA245| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=245}}</ref>  

| Attack a Quraysh caravan<ref name="Wahhab p. 346"/>

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*None, caravan left <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128"/><ref name="http">{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=285–286}}</ref>

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*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref name="http"/>

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| [[Invasion of Safwan]]  

| 623 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245"/>  

| To pursue [[Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri]] who led a small group that looted Muhammad's animals<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128"/>

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*None, enemy escaped <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128"/>

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| [[Nakhla Raid]]  

| January 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 245"/>  

| Attack a Quraysh caravan and gather information<ref name="Wahhab p. 346"/><ref name="online">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.128-131. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tV4Irei online])</ref>  

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*Non-Muslims: 1 killed, 2 captured <ref name="online"/>

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| '''[[Battle of Badr]]'''

| March 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=Some say the Battle of Badr took place on 19 Ramadan (March 15, 624).}}</ref>

| According to the Muslim scholar [[Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri]] the purpose was to raid a Quraysh caravan carrying 50,000 gold Dinars guarded by 40 men, and to further the Muslim political, economic and military position.<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 132. ([http://www.webcitation.org/612cLy78j online])</ref> The Muslim scholar [[Ibn Kathir]] also said the purpose of this battle was to capture Quraysh war booty/spoils and make Islam dominant by raiding the Quraysh Caravan, he claimed Muhammad encouraged the Muslims by saying: "This is the caravan of Quraysh carrying their property, so march forth to intercept it, Allah might make it as war spoils for you".<ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=k8kH-dzOKFIC&pg=PA386 The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 3) 2nd Edition], p. 386, ISBN 1861797699, MSA Publication Limited, 2009. ([http://www.webcitation.org/6T6agQFtw online])</ref>

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| [['Asma' bint Marwan|Assassination of Asma bint Marwan]]  

| January 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]] |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=130}}</ref>

| Kill 'Asma' bint Marwan for opposing Muhammad with poetry and for provoking others to attack him<ref name="Sa'd 1967 35">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH OF `UMAYR IBN `ADI. Then (occurred) the sariyyah of `Umayr ibn `Adi Ibn Kharashah al-Khatmi against `Asma' Bint Marwan, of Banu Umayyah Ibn Zayd, when five nights had remained from the month of Ramadan, in the beginning of the nineteenth month from the hijrah of the apostle of Allah.}}</ref>  

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*Asma' bint Marwan assassinated<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

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*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 35"/>

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| [[Abu 'Afak|Assassination of Abu Afak]]  

| February 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]] |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref>

| Kill Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

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*Abu Afak assassinated<ref name="ReferenceB"/>

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| [[Invasion of Sawiq]]  

| 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR13|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=xiii}}</ref>  

| Pursue [[Abu Sufyan]] for killing 2 Muslims and burning of palm trees<ref name="webcitation.org">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.150-151. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref>

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*2 Muslims killed<ref name="webcitation.org"/>

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| [[Invasion of Banu Qaynuqa]]  

| February 624 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 254.</ref>

| Attack the Banu Qaynuqa Jews for allegedly breaking the treaty known as the [[Constitution of Medina]]<ref name = "Watt 1956">{{citation | last = Watt | title = Muhammad at Medina | year = 1956| page=209}}.</ref> by pinning the clothes of a Muslim woman, which lead to her being stripped naked<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.149-150. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref>

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*Unknown, some revenge killings<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150"/>

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! style="background: pink;" | 14

| [[Al Kudr Invasion]]  

| May 624 <ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|author=[[William Muir]]|year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=140}}</ref>

| Surprise attack on the Banu Salim tribe for allegedly plotting to attack Medina<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 147. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref>

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! style="background: pink;" | 15

| [[Invasion of Thi Amr]]  

| September 624 <ref name="Tabari 2008 100">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA100|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=100}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=17}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>  

| Raid the Banu Muharib and Banu Talabah tribes after he received intelligence that they were allegedly going to raid the outskirts of [[Medina]]<ref name="Strauch 2006 472">{{citation|title=Biography of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8bbHTcRV5kC&pg=PA472|first=Sameh|last=Strauch|year=2006|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=9789960980324|page=472}}</ref>  

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*1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Strauch 2006 472"/>

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*{{Cite quran|5|11}}<ref name="Strauch 2006 472"/>

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| [[Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf|Assassination of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf]]  

| September 624 <ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref>

| According to [[Ibn Ishaq]], Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and inveighed against Muhammad. He also composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".<ref>Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Ka?b b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.151-153">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref>

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*Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.151-153"/>

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| [[Invasion of Bahran]]  

| 624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 153. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref>  

| Raid the Banu Sulaym tribe,<ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[[Muhammad at Medina (book)|Muhammad at Medina]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=17}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp online])</ref> no reason given in primary sources ( Possibly a continuation of the previous war)

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*None <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/>

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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 18

| [[Nejd Caravan Raid]]  

| 624 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/>  

| Intercept and capture Quraysh caravan and its goods<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/>

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*3 captured by Muslims(including guide) <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 153"/>

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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 19

| [[Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik]]  

| December 624 <ref>William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 14

</ref>  

| Kill Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq for mocking Muhammad with his poetry and for helping the troops of the Confederates by providing them with money and supplies<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 204">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60uzg0jSV online])</ref>

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*Abu Rafi assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 204"/>

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*[[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]], Volume 7, The foundation of the community <ref name="Tabari 2008 100"/>

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| '''[[Battle of Uhud]]'''  

| March 23 625 <ref name="WattProphetStatesman">{{citation|title=Muhammad, Prophet and Statesman|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLN2hNidLw4C&dq| author=[[William Montgomery Watt]]|year=1961|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=135|isbn=0198810784|quote=The Battle of Uhud (23rd March 625) About...}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=105|quote=Messenger of God to Uhud. This is said to have been on Saturday, 7 Shaw- wal, in Year Three of the Hijrah (March 23, 625).}}</ref>

| Defend against Quraysh attack<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 181">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 181. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v0RdHwu online])</ref>

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*Non-Muslims: 22 or 37 Killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 181"/>

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| [[Invasion of Hamra al-Asad]]  

| March 625<ref name="Muhammad at Medina">{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=34|quote=The expeditions to Hamra' al-Asad and Qatan (March and June 625)}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>  

| Prevent Quraysh attack on weakened Muslim army<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 181-183">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 181-183. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v0RdHwu online])</ref>

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*Non-Muslims: 3 beheaded, 3 captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 181-183"/>

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*{{Cite quran|3|172}},<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'4-93">{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 4 (Part 4): Al-I-Imran 93 to An-Nisaa 23 2nd Edition|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7HbuNwN9Jk0C&pg=PA89| author=[[Ibn Kathir]], Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=89|isbn= 9781861796820}}([http://www.webcitation.org/6SyL8RtUc online])</ref><ref name="Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume translator 2005 461–464">{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah)|author= Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator)|isbn= 978-0-19-636033-1 |year=2005|publisher= Oxford University Press|year=2002|pages=461–464}}</ref><ref name="Peters223">Peters, ''Muhammad and the Origins of Islam'', p. 222-224.</ref><ref name="Stillman140">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.</ref> {{Cite quran|3|173}}, {{Cite quran|3|174}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 181-183"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 22

| [[Expedition of Qatan]]  

| June 625 <ref name="Muhammad at Medina"/>  

| Attack Banu Asad bin Khuzaymah tribe after receiving intelligence that they were allegedly plotting to attack Medina<ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 349.</ref>  

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*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 150"/>

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| [[Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais]]  

| 625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 186-187. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref>

| Kill Khalid bin Sufyan, because there were reports he considered an attack on Madinah and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/>

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*Khalid ibn Sufyan assassinated<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/>

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*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/>

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| [[Expedition of Al Raji]]  

| 625 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 187. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref>

| Some men requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187"/> but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah who wanted revenge for the [[Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais|assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan]] by Muhammad's followers.<ref name="archive.org">{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[[Muhammad at Medina (book)|Muhammad at Medina]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=33|quote=The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors.}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp online])</ref> According to [[William Montgomery Watt]], the seven men Muhammad sent may have been spies for Muhammad and instructors for Arab tribes.<ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[[Muhammad at Medina (book)|Muhammad at Medina]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0-19-577307-1|page=33|quote=The common version, however, is that B. Lihyan wanted to avenge the assassination of their chief at Muhammad's instigation, and bribed two clans of the tribe of Khuzaymah to say they wanted to become Muslims and ask Muhammad to send instructors.}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp online])</ref> Watt's claim that they were spies and not missionaries is mentioned in the Sunni hadith collection [[Sahih al-Bukhari]] <ref>Kailtyn Chick, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-cpUAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT338 Kailtyn Chick], p. 338, Hamlet Book Publishing , 2013</ref>

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*8<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187"/> or 10 Muslims killed<ref name="Dr. Mosab">{{cite book|last=Hawarey|first=[http://mosab.hawarey.org/ Dr. Mosab]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vJVqNwAACAAJ&dq=9789957051648|isbn=9789957051648|title=The Journey of Prophecy; Days of Peace and War (Arabic)|publisher=Islamic Book Trust |year=2010}}Note: Book contains a list of battles of Muhammad in Arabic, English translation available [http://www.webcitation.org/5zLhjeYyz here]</ref>

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*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 187-188"/>

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| [[The Mission of Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri]]  

| 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi |title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA242 Atlas of the Quran]|publisher= Dar-us-Salam|year=2003|isbn=978-9960897547|page=242}}([http://www.webcitation.org/66JFc9Lzp online])</ref>  

| Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri sent to assassinate [[Abu Sufyan]]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211">Mubarakpuri, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA211 The Sealed Nectar], p. 211.</ref> to avenge [[Khubyab bin Adi]].<ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-88706-344-2|page=147}}</ref> According to the Muslim scholar [[Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri]], the Quraysh ordered Khubyab bin Adi to be crucified by [[Uqba bin al-Harith]] during the [[Expedition of Al Raji]] because he had killed [[Uqba bin al-Harith]]'s father.<ref>Mubarakpuri, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA351 The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet], pp. 350-351.</ref>

|  

*3 polytheists killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 211"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 26

| [[Expedition of Bir Maona]]  

| July 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA151|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=151|quote=Then in Safar (which began July 13, 625), four months after Uhud, he sent out the men of Bi'r Ma'unah}}</ref>  

| Muhammad sends Missionaries at request of some men from the Banu Amir tribe,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 188">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 188. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref> but the Muslims are killed as revenge for the [[Expedition of Abdullah Ibn Unais|assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan]] by Muhammad's followers<ref name="archive.org"/>

|  

*Muslims: 70 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 188"/>

*Non-Muslims: 2 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 188"/>

|  

! style="background: pink;" | 27

| [[Invasion of Banu Nadir]]  

| August 625 <ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161|quote=The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 1 1 to late October, 625)}}</ref>  

| Muslim scholars (like Mubarakpuri) claim, the Banu Nadir were attacked because the [[Angel Gabriel]] told Muhammad that some of the Banu Nadir wanted to assassinate him.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 189">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 189. ([http://www.webcitation.org/612nBzuVm online])</ref> [[William Montgomery Watt|Watt]] contends it was in response to the tribe’s criticism of Muhammad and doubts they wanted to assassinate Muhammad. He says "it is possible that the allegation was no more than an excuse to justify the attack".<ref name="Tabari 2008 xxxv">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PR35|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=xxxv|quote=The main underlying reason for the expulsion of the clan of al-Nadir was the same as in the case of Quaynuqa, namely, that Jewish criticisms endangered the ordinary Muslim's belief in Muhammad's prophethood and in the Quran as revelation from God.}}</ref>  

|  

|  

*[[Quran]] chapter 59, and {{Cite quran|2|256}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 189"/>

! style="background: pink;" | 28

| [[Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa]]  

| October 625<ref name="Tabari 2008 161">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA161|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=161}}</ref> or 627<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 192"/>

| Attack the Banu Ghatafan tribe, because he received news that they were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with a suspicious purpose<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 192"/>

|  

|  

*[[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]], Volume 7, The foundation of the community<ref name="Tabari 2008 161"/>

! style="background: pink;" | 29

| [[Invasion of Badr]]  

| January 626<ref name="Dr. Mosab"/> or March 625<ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/><ref name=autogeneratedwil>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA220| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=220–222}}</ref>  

| Attack the Quraysh led by Abu Sufyan, both sides were preparing to fight each other again at Badr<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 193">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 193. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref>

|  

*None, enemy flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 193"/>

|  

*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 193"/>

! style="background: pink;" | 30

| [[Invasion of Dumatul Jandal]]  

| July 626 <ref name=autogenerated2>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA225| first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder & Co|year=1861|pages=225–226}}</ref>  

| Invade Duma, because Muhammad received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 193-194">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 193-194. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60v1IUE4A online])</ref>

|  

*None, Ghatafan tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 193-194"/>

|  

! style="background: pink;" | 31

| '''[[Battle of the Trench]]'''  

| February 627 <ref>Muhammad Siddique Qureshi (1989), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rLceAAAAMAAJ&q Foreign policy of Hadrat Muhammad (SAW)], Islamic Publications, p. 216.</ref>  

| Muhammad orders Muslims to defend Medina from attack, after Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa tribes form an alliance with the Quraysh to attack him as revenge for expelling them from Medina.<ref name="Sa'd 1967 82–84">{{cite book | last =Sa'd|first= Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=jandal|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir | volume =2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=82–84}}</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 196-198. ([http://www.webcitation.org/612polKF3 online])</ref> The Muslim scholar [[Ibn Kathir]] states: "The reason why the Confederates came was that a group of the leaders of the Jews of Banu Nadir, whom the Messenger of Allah had [[Exile|expelled]] from Al-Madinah to Khaybar, including Sallam bin Abu Al-Huqayq, Sallam bin Mishkam and Kinanah bin Ar-Rabi`, went to Makkah where they met with the leaders of Quraysh and incited them to make war against the Prophet" <ref>Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=rOMHnLTGtxEC&pg=PA122 Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 21 (Part 21): Al-Ankaboot 46 to Al-Azhab 30 2nd Edition], p. 122, MSA Publication Limited, 2009, ISBN 1861797338. ([http://www.webcitation.org/6TPrfmqAU online])</ref>

|  

|  

*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 196-198"/>

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 82–84"/>

! style="background: pink;" | 32

| [[Invasion of Banu Qurayza]]  

| February–March 627 <ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=[[William Muir]]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref>  

|  

Attack Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel [[Gabriel]].<ref name="Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume translator 2005 461–464"/><ref name="Peters223">Peters, ''Muhammad and the Origins of Islam'', p. 222-224.</ref><ref name="Stillman140">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137-141.</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201-205. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wWxNMpU online])</ref><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21">{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA213| author=[[Ibn Kathir]], Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=213|isbn= 9781861796110}}([http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=33&tid=41539 online])</ref><ref name="Inamdar">{{citation|title=Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PNDXAAAAMAAJ&q|author=Subhash C. Inamdar|year=2001|publisher=Psychosocial Press|isbn=1887841288|page=166 (footnotes)}}</ref> [[Al-Waqidi]] claims Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was torn apart. [[Norman Stillman|Stillman]] and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi.<ref name="Stillman14-16">Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 14-16.</ref> Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim writers, who claim that he is unreliable.<ref>[[Encyclopedia of Islam]], section on "Muhammad"</ref><ref name="Kurayza">Watt, ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]]'', Section on "Kurayza, Banu".</ref>

|  

*Muslims: 2 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205"/>

#600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 201-205"/><ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21"/><ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ppPqzawIrIC&pg=PA201| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504

|  

*{{Cite quran|33|26}},<ref name="Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21"/> [[Quran]] 33:09 & 33:10<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=jAHs9Wboz4gC&pg=PA194| author=[[Ibn Kathir]], Saed Abdul-Rahman |year=2009|publisher= MSA Publication Limited |pages=213|isbn= 9781861796110}}([http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=33&tid=41359 online])</ref><ref name="Muhammad Husayn Haykal p. 338">Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 338.</ref>

| [[Expedition of Muhammad ibn Maslamah]]  

| June 627 <ref name="archive">Muhammad Yasin Mahzar Siddiqi, [http://islamiccenter.kau.edu.sa/english/journal/issues/Pdf/1/01-MYMSiddiqi_12.pdf Role of Booty in the economy during the prophets time],  Vol. 1, King Abdul Aziz University , p.11. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60ER6lpyp archive]), "In the sixth year of the hijrah (June, 627-May, 628A.D.) there were three  

ghazawa t but no booty was obtained from them. Of the 18 saraya, during this year only seven yielded any monetary or material benefits to the Muslims The very first expedition of the year i.e. Muhammad b. Maslamah's expedition..."</ref>  

| Attack Bani Bakr sept for booty/spoils<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 204. ([http://www.webcitation.org/614715KWr online])</ref><ref name="Sa'd 1967 96">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq=qurata|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=96}}</ref><ref name="Maghazi p. 534-535">[[Al-Waqidi]], Kitab al-Tarikh wa al-Maghazi, p. 534-535.</ref>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 34

| [[Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan]]  

| 627 <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 205">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 205. ([http://www.webcitation.org/614715KWr online])</ref>

| Attack Banu Assad bin Qhuzayma tribe to capture booty/spoils<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 205"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 104">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=104|quote=Then occurred the sariyyah of 'Ukkashah Ibn Mihsan al-Asadl on al-Ghamr.}}</ref>

|  

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 104"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 35

| [[First Raid on Banu Thalabah]]  

| August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/><ref name=tabari08>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA119|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=119}}</ref>  

| Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, because he suspected they would be tempted to steal his camels<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

|  

*9 Muslims killed<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 36

| [[Second Raid on Banu Thalabah]]  

| August 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/><ref name="tabari08"/>  

| Attack the Banu Thalabah tribe, as revenge for the [[First Raid on Banu Thalabah|1st failed raid]] on them in which 9 Muslims died<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

|  

*1 injured man captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

|  

|isbn=978-0887066917|page=123}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref>  

! style="background: pink;" | 37

| [[Invasion of Banu Lahyan]]  

| September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Attack the Banu Lahyan tribe to get revenge for the killing of 10 Muslims in the [[Expedition of Al Raji]]<ref name="ReferenceC"/>  

|  

*None, Banu Lahyan tribe flees<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 38

| [[Raid on al-Ghabah]]  

|  

| Initially no orders given by Muhammad, Amr ibn al-Akwa pursues Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari after seeing him seize 20 of Muhammad's camels while calling for help.<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99"/> Muhammad then heard the calls and sent reinforcements.<ref>Muhammad Husayn Haykal, [https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA351 The Life of Muhammad], p. 351, Islamic Book Trust</ref>

|  

*1 Muslim shepherd killed, and his wife captured<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99"/>

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 99"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 39

| [[Expedition of Dhu Qarad]]  

| September 627 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/><ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| To attack a group of men led by Uyanah bin Hisn Al-Fazari, who raided the outskirts of the Medina; and seized 20 of Muhammad's milch camels<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 231. ([http://www.webcitation.org/61481iVee online])</ref>

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 40

| [[Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Jumum)]]  

| 627 <ref name="ReferenceC"/>

| To raid al-Jumum and capture booty/spoils<ref>{{citation|title=The Life of Mu?ammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bsXXAAAAMAAJ&q|author=Uri Rubin|year=1998|publisher=Ashgate|isbn=9780860787037|page=223|quote=Haritha on the raid to al-Jamum and Zayd obtained goats and sheep and captured a group of unbelievers...}}</ref>

|  

*Some captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 41

| [[Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Al-Is)]]  

| September 627 <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=96|quote=One was a little-known expedition about September 627 }} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>  

| Attack Quraysh caravan and loot their camels<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 107">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=107}}</ref>

|  

*Many captured by Muslims<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 107"/>

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 107"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 42

| [[Third Raid on Banu Thalabah]]  

| 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| To raid Banu Thalabah and capture their camels as booty<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wY2MCdF online])</ref>

|  

*None, Banu Thalabah tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 43

| [[Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma)]]  

| October 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Attack robbers who attacked Muhammad's envoy, Dhiyah bin Khalifah al-Kalbi<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 226">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 226. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wa59lj7 online])</ref>

|  

*Heavy casualties inflicted, 100 women and boys captured by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 226"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 44

| [[Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Wadi al-Qura)]]  

| December 627 <ref>William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 12-13.

| Survey the area and to monitor the movements of the enemies of Muhammad<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206"/>

|  

*9 Muslims killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 206"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 109">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=109|quote=Sariyyah of Zayd ibn Haritha towards Wadi al-Qura}}</ref>

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 109"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 45

| [[Invasion of Banu Mustaliq]]  

| December 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Attack Banu Mustaliq because Muhammad received some rumours that the Banu Mustaliq were preparing to attack him.<ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira: with introductory chapters on the original sources for the biography of Mahomet and on the pre-Islamite history of Arabia, Volume 3 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=LMkUAAAAYAAJ&pg=front |author= Sir [[William Muir]]|year=1861|publisher= Smith, Elder & Co|pages=237}} ([https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover abridged version])</ref> The Banu Mustaliq also believed that Muhammad was preparing to attack them, both sides sent spies to confirm the reports, but the Banu Mustaliq spy was killed by Muslims, and then Muhammad told his followers to prepare for war<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 207-209">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 207-209. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref>  

|  

*Non-Muslims: 10 killed, 200 families taken captive<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 207-209"/><ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=[[William Muir]]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=310}} ([https://books.google.com/books?id=LMkUAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s original])</ref>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 46

| [[Expedition of Abdur Rahman bin Auf]]  

| December 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| 700 men sent to get the Christian king Al-Asbagh and his people to convert to Islam within 3 days or pay [[Jizyah]]<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wanT9G2 online])</ref><ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=672|quote=}}</ref>  

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 47

| [[Expedition of Fidak]]  

| 627 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Attack the Bani Sa‘d bin Bakr tribe, because Muhammad received intelligence they were planning to help the Jews of Khaybar<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wanT9G2 online])</ref>

|  

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 110"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 48

| [[Second Expedition of Wadi al-Qura]]  

| January 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Raid the inhabitants of Wadi al-Qura for revenge, because a number of Muslims were killed when they tried to raid the inhabitants previously, but failed<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 211. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wanT9G2 online])</ref>

|  

*Many captured by Muslims<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam"/>

*[[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]], Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 49

| [[Expedition of Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri]]  

| February 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Capture 8 men who came to him to convert to Islam, but then killed one Muslim and drove off with Muhammad's camels<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, pp. 18-19.</ref>

|  

*Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19"/><ref>{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|1|4|234}}</ref>

|  

*[[Quran]] 5:33-39<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19"/><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmSQPIkTyN0C&pg=PA392 Tafsir ibn Kathir, Surai Madiah 5:39, "The Punishment of those who cause mischief in the Land"], and [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=5&tid=13751 Tafsir ibn Kathir, 5:39, Text version]</ref>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 50

| [[Expedition of Abdullah ibn Rawaha]]  

| February 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Kill Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam because Muhammad heard that his group was preparing to attack him<ref name="William Muir p. 17">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 17</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 241. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y5XJmQz online])</ref>

|  

*30 killed by Muslims<ref name="William Muir p. 17"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>

|  

! style="background: pink;" | 51

| [[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]]  

| March 628 <ref>Emory C. Bogle (1998), [https://books.google.com/books?id=IpFhLDUw20gC&pg=PA19 Islam: origin and belief], University of Texas Press, p. 19.</ref>  

| March to [[Mecca]] to perform the lesser pilgrimage (Umrah)<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 214-215">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 214-215.</ref>

|  

|  

*{{Quran-usc|48|24}}, {{Quran-usc|48|18}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 214-215"/>

! style="background: pink;" | 52

| [[Conquest of Fidak]]  

| May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA180|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=180}}([http://www.webcitation.org/66JFc9Lzp online])</ref>  

| To force the Jews of Fidak to surrender their properties and wealth (accepting his terms) or be attacked<ref name="Muhammad Husayn Haykal p. 338"/>

|  

|  

! style="background: pink;" | 53

| '''[[Battle of Khaybar]]'''  

| May/June 628  <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>

| To attack the Jews of Khaybar for booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed (according to [[William Montgomery Watt|Watt]])<ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Montgomery Watt|Watt, W. Montgomery]]|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=2|quote=Muhammad had thus a straightforward reason for attacking Khaybar. The moment he chose for the attack May /June 628 (i/y) shortly after his return from the expedition of al-Hudaybiyah was one when it was also convenient for him to have booty to distribute to his followers whose expectations had recently been disappointed.}} ([https://archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>

|  

|  

! style="background: pink;" | 54

| [[Third Expedition of Wadi al Qura]]  

| May 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 180"/>

| Attack the Jews of Wadi al Qura to conquer their land<ref>William Muir, The Life of Mahomet (2003), p. 394.</ref>

|  

*Jews: 11 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 238"/>

|  

*[[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]], Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 55

| [[Expedition of Umar ibn al-Khatab]]  

| December 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Attack Banu Hawazin for booty<ref name="Sa'd 1967 146">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=146|quote=The Sariyyah of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, may Allah show him mercy, on Turabah}}</ref>  

|  

*None, tribe flees<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 146"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 56

| [[Expedition of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq]]  

| December 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 2003 242"/>  

| Attack the Banu Kilab tribe<ref name="William Muir p. 83">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 2).</ref>

|  

*Many killed<ref name="William Muir p. 83"/><br>(at least 7 families killed<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2632}}</ref>) by Muslims

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 57

| [[Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak)]]  

| December 628 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA205|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=205}}</ref>

| Attack for Banu Murrah tribe to capture booty <ref>William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 3).</ref><ref name="Sa'd 1967 148">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=148}}</ref>

|  

*Muslims: 29 killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> Bashir wounded<ref>William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 3).</ref>

*Non-Muslims: large amount killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 148"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 58

| [[Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Mayfah)]]  

| January 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205"/>

| Attack the Banu ‘Awâl and Banu Thalabah tribes to capture booty (camels and flock)<ref>William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 84.</ref>

|  

*Some killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>

|  

|page=132}}</ref>  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 59

| [[Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Fadak)]]  

| May 629<ref name="Abu Khalil 212">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA212|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=212}}</ref>

| Attack the Banu Murrah as revenge for the killing of Muslims in a [[Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Fadak)|failed raid]] carried out by Muslims<ref name="William Muir p. 94">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 94.</ref>

|  

*Everyone who came into contact with Muslims were killed<ref name="William Muir p. 94"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 60

| [[Expedition of Bashir Ibn Sa’d al-Ansari (Yemen)]]  

| February 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 205"/>

| Attack a large group of polytheists who Muhammad believed gathered to raid the outskirts of Madinah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/>

|  

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 149"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 61

| [[Expedition of Ibn Abi Al-Awja Al-Sulami]]  

| April 629<ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>  

| 50 men sent to demand the allegiance of the Banu Sualym tribe to Islam<ref name="William Muir p. 93">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 93.</ref>

|  

*Muslims: Most killed<ref name="William Muir p. 93"/>

*Non-Muslims: Most killed,<ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/> 2 captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zWxdlJv online])</ref>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 62

| [[Expedition of Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laithi (Al-Kadid)]]  

| May 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>

| To raid the Banu al-Mulawwih tribe for booty<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 156"/>

|  

*Large amount killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241"/> and 1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156"/>

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 63

| [[Raid on Banu Layth]]  

| June 629 <ref name="The life of Mahomet"/>  

| Attack Banu Layth, camels plundered<ref name="William Muir p. 94"/>

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 64

| [[Expedition of Shuja ibn Wahb al-Asadi]]  

| June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>  

| Raid the Banu Amir tribe to plunder camels for booty<ref>William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 93 (footnote).</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 244. ([http://www.webcitation.org/614HglZOe online])</ref>

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 65

| [[Expedition of Ka’b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari]]  

| June 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>  

| Attack Banu Quda‘a tribe because Muhammad received intelligence that they had gathered a large number of men to attack the Muslim positions<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244"/>

|  

*14 Muslims killed, 1 wounded<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 244"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 66

| '''[[Battle of Mu'tah]]'''  

| August 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 212"/>

| Raid the inhabitants of Mut'ah, because one of Muhammad's messenger was killed by the chief of Ma’ab or Mu’tah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 246">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 246. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zYNSZDg online])</ref>  

*Non-Muslims: Unknown<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 246"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 67

| [[Expedition of Amr ibn al-As]]  

| September 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: 6th Month, 8AH = September 629</ref>  

| To subjugate the Banu Qudah tribe, and incite the tribes friendly to Muhammad to attack them, because of a rumour that the Banu Qudah were preparing to attack Medina and to improve Muslim prestige<ref>William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 104.</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247.</ref>

|  

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 162"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 68

| [[Expedition of Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah]]  

| October 629 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}} Note: Rajab, 8AH = October 629</ref>  

| Attack the tribe of Juhaynah and raid a caravan<ref name="William Muir p. 106">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 106.</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 206. ([http://www.webcitation.org/614715KWr online])</ref><ref name="Sa'd 1967 163">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=163}}</ref>

|  

*None, caravan flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163"/>

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 69

| [[Expedition of Abi Hadrad al-Aslami]]  

| 629 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA123|author=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press

| To kill Rifa’ah bin Qays, because Muhammad heard they were allegedly enticing the people of Qais to fight him<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 242"/>

|  

|  

*[[Ibn Hisham]] & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref name="https"/>

*[[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]], Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="books.google.com"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 70

| [[Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Khadirah)]]  

| November<ref name="Abu Khalil 218">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA218|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=218}}</ref> or Dec 629<ref name="William Muir p. 106"/>  

| Attack the Ghatafan tribe because he heard that they were amassing troops and were still outside the "domain of Islam"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 247">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 247. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zbNqF8y online])</ref>

|  

*Some killed, some captured by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 247"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 71

| [[Expedition of Abu Qatadah ibn Rab'i al-Ansari (Batn Edam)]]  

| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218"/>

| To divert the attention from his intention of attacking Mecca, he despatched 8 men to attack a caravan passing through Edam<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=164|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF ABO QATADAH IBN RIB'I AL- ANSARl TOWORDS BATN IDAM.}}</ref>  

|  

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 72

| '''[[Conquest of Mecca]]'''  

| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 218"/>  

| To Conquer Mecca<ref name="Sa'd 1967 165–174">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=165–174}}</ref>  

|  

#Huwayrith b. Nafidh<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>

#Miqyas b. Subabah<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>

#Harith b. Talatil<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>

|  

*[[Ibn Sa'd]], Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 165–174"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 73

| [[Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Nakhla)]]  

| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA226|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=226}}</ref>

| To destroy al-Uzza because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"<ref name="William Muir p. 134">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 134.</ref> and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 256. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zbcUEo4 online])</ref>

|  

*1 women killed by [[Khalid ibn Walid]]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 74

| [[Raid of Amr ibn al-As]]  

| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>  

| To destroy Suwa because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"<ref name="William Muir p. 134"/> and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>

|  

*None<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 75

| [[Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali]]  

| December 629 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>  

| To destroy Manat because Muhammad wanted "the submission of neighbouring tribes"<ref name="William Muir p. 134"/> and wanted to eliminate "symbols reminiscent of pre-Islamic practices"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>

|  

*1 women killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 256"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 76

| [[Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah)]]  

| January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>

| Invite the Banu Jadhimah tribe to Islam<ref name="William Muir p. 135">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 135.</ref>

|  

*Entire tribe taken prisoner, portion executed<ref name="William Muir p. 135"/><ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=561}}</ref>

|  

! style="background: pink;" | 77

| '''[[Battle of Hunayn]]'''  

| January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>  

| To attack the people of Hawazin and Thaqif for refusing to surrender to Muhammad and submit to Islam because "they thought that they were too mighty to admit or surrender" after the [[Conquest of Mecca]]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 261">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 261. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zcciKiY online])</ref>

|  

*Non-Muslims: 70 killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 261"/> 6000 women and children captured<ref name="William Muir p. 142">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 142.</ref>

|  

*{{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|4|53|370}}, {{Hadith-usc|muwatta|usc=yes|21|10|19|}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 78

| [[Expedition of At-Tufail ibn 'Amr Ad-Dausi]]  

| January 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 226"/>  

| Destroy the idol Yaguth<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=194}}</ref> and to secure the allegiance of the Banu Daws tribe to Islam so they can lend him catapults to use in the [[Siege of Taif]]<ref>William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 145.</ref>

|  

*None<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/>

|  

*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/>

! style="background: pink;" | 79

| [[Battle of Autas]]  

| 630 <ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=czSP046th6IC&pg=PA101authors=Al Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron (translator) |year= 1998| publisher = State University of New York (SUNY) Press|isbn=0791428192|page=101|quote=Part of the events of Hunayn in the year 8/630}}</ref>  

| Defend against an attack by a league of tribes that formed an alliance to attack him. [[Washington Irving]] claims that the tribes were hostile to Muhammad and wanted to attack him because he was spreading Islam by the sword, and because the tribes feared Muhammad would attack them anyway for vengeance<ref>{{citation|title=Lives of Mahomet and his successors|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gRkYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111| first=Washington|last=Irving|date=February 21, 2008|publisher=Kessinger Publishing, LLC

|  

*Enemy defeated, many killed by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/><ref>{{citation|title=Encyclopaedia Of Holy Prophet And Companion (Set Of 15 Vols.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YRBF29D9AO8C&pg=PA31| first=Shahid|last=Ashraf|year=15 Jun 2005|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd

|  

*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 80

| [[Expedition of Abu Amir Al-Ashari]]  

| January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/>  

| Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 262">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 262. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zcciKiY online])</ref>

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 81

| [[Expedition of Abu Musa Al-Ashari]]  

| January 630 <ref name="Dr. Mosab"/>  

| Chase the enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 262"/>

|  

*At least 1 killed,<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17"/> men, women and children taken captives by Muslims<ref>{{citation|title=Miracles of the messenger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QiahukyiSYC&pg=PA177| first=Strauch|last=Sameh|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam Research Division

|  

*[[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]], Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17"/>

! style="background: pink;" | 82

| [[Siege of Ta'if]]  

| January 630 <ref name="Mubarakpuri 2005 481">{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA481| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=481}} Note: Shawwal 8AH is January 630AD</ref>  

| Attack enemies who fled from the Battle of Hunayn and sought refuge in the fortress of Taif<ref name="William Muir p. 142"/>  

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 83

| [[Expedition of Uyainah bin Hisn]]  

| April 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&pg=PA228|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=228}}</ref>  

| Attack the Muslim tribe of Banu Tamim for refusing to pay tax ([[Zakat]])<ref>Muhammad Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, p. 477.</ref>

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 84

| [[Expedition of Qutbah ibn Amir]]  

| May 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=229}}</ref>  

| Attack the Banu Khatham tribe to capture booty<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 200–201">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=200–201}}</ref>

|  

*Non-Muslims: many wounded, some killed, some women captured<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/>

*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 200–201"/>

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| [[Expedition of Dahhak al-Kilabi]]  

| June 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=230}}</ref>  

| To call the Banu Kilab tribe to embrace Islam<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/>

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*1 killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/>

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| [[Expedition of Alqammah bin Mujazziz]]  

| July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=231}}</ref>  

| Attack a group of Abyssinians (Ethiopians) who Muhammad suspected were pirates<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 269"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 202">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF 'ALQAMAH IBN MUJAZZIZ AL-MUDLIJI AGAINST AL-HABASHAH}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA451|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|page=451}}</ref>  

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*None, Ethiopians flee<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/>

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*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/>

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| [[Third Expedition of Dhu Qarad]]  

| July 630 <ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/>  

| Muhammad sent him to take revenge for the killing of the son of Abu Dhar Ghifari at al-Ghaba<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/><ref>A. J. Cameron, A. J. Cameron (Ph.D.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=rRuJf6TDOxYC&pg=PA33 Abû Dharr al-Ghifârî: an examination of his image in the hagiography of Islam], p. 33.</ref>

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*None<ref name="Sa'd 1967 202"/>

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| [[Expedition of Ali ibn Abi Talib]]  

| July 630 <ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=233}}</ref>  

| Destroy al-Qullus, an idol worshipped by pagans<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 269-270. ([http://www.webcitation.org/6115GDga1 online])</ref>

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*Many men, women and children taken captive by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=202}}</ref>

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*[[Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal]]<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 269-270"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 89

| [[Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan (Udhrah and Baliy)]]  

| July 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239">{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref>  

| Attack the tribes of Udhrah and Baliy, no further details<ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 203">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=203}}</ref>  

|  

*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 203"/>

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| '''[[Battle of Tabouk]]'''  

| October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/>

| Attack the Byzantine empire. Mubarakpuri claims, reason was revenge for the killing of 1 of Muhammad's ambassadors by a Christian chief of al-Balaqa, which led to the [[Battle of Mutah]]. Mubrakpuri claims this was the reason for the Battle of Tabouk also, and that there was a rumour [[Heraclius]] was preparing an attack on Muslims.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 272">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 272.</ref>  [[William Muir]] claims Heraclius wanted to prevent the recurrence of Muslim attacks such as the [[Expedition of Ukasha bin Al-Mihsan]] against the Banu Udrah tribe.<ref>{{cite book|last=William|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA454|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|page=454}}</ref> A tribe that was aligned to the Byzantine Empire<ref>{{cite book|last=R.L. Bidwell (editor)|first=R.|title=[https://books.google.com/books?id=VhturGtQIyAC&pg=PA95 New Arabian studies, Volume 3]|publisher=University of Exeter Press|date=Feb 1996|isbn=978-0859894791|page=95}}</ref>

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*None, no enemies met<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 272"/>

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| [[Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal)]]  

| October 630 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/>

| Attack the Christian prince of Duma.<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 277">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.</ref>

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 92

| [[Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb]]  

| 630 <ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA46| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press

|isbn=978-0887066917|page=46}} Note: Source says this happened in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk which occurred in October 630</ref>  

| To demolish the idol al-Lat<ref>{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA206|first=William|last=Muir|year=August 1861|publisher=Smith, Elder and co.|page=206}}</ref>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 93

| [[Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar]]  

| 630 <ref name="IbnKathir176">{{cite book|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|title=The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4) 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA176|work=Tafsir Ibn Kathir|accessdate=29 June 2011|page=176|isbn=1861796501|publisher=MSA Publication Limited|year=2009}} Note: source says it was destroyed when Muhammad returned from the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630)</ref>  

| Demolish a mosque for promoting opposition<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 277"/>

|  

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 94

| [[Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal)]]  

| April 631 <ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191">{{cite book|last=William Pickthall|first=Marmaduke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan|title=Islamic culture, Volume 9|year=1967|publisher=Islamic Culture Board|isbn=978-1142491741|page=191}} Original is from the University of Virginia</ref><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48">{{cite book|last=ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|page=48}}</ref>  

| Demolish an idol called Wadd,<ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48"/><ref>{{cite book|last=William Pickthall|first=Marmaduke|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpJCAAAAYAAJ&q=qatan|title=Islamic culture, Volume 9|year=1967|publisher=Islamic Culture Board|isbn=978-1142491741|page=191}}</ref> worshipped by the Banu Kilab tribe<ref>{{cite book|last=Sale|first=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xSJMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA40|title=The Koran: commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed, Volume 1|date=12 Jan 2010|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|isbn=978-1142491741|page=40}}</ref>

|  

*Banu Abd-Wadd and Banu Amir al-Ajdar tribe members killed by Muslims<ref name="William Pickthall 1967 191"/><ref name="ibn al Kalbi 1952 48"/>

|  

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 95

| [[Expedition of Surad ibn Abdullah]]  

| April 631 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote= Beginning of A.H. X}} Note: Muharram is the beginning of the year, then Muharram 10AH= April 631</ref><ref name="Jandora 1990 42">{{citation|title=The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Surad|first=John Walter|last=Jandora|year=1990|publisher=Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan|page=42|isbn=9780940670334}}</ref>  

| Ordered Surad ibn Abdullah (new convert) to war against the non-Muslim tribes in his neighbourhood<ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|year=1861|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|page=219}}</ref>

|  

|  

*[[Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari|Tabari]], Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 88–89"/>

! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 96

| [[Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Najran)]]  

| June 631 <ref name="Abu Khalil 239"/>  

| Call on the people of Najran to embrace Islam or fight the Muslims<ref name="Muir August 1878 224">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA224|first=William|last=Muir|year=August 1878|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|page=224}}</ref>

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*None, Banu Harith tribe surrenders and converts to Islam<ref name="Muir August 1878 224"/>

|