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{{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=2|Content=2|Language=2|References=2}} | {{QualityScore|Lead=1|Structure=2|Content=2|Language=2|References=2}} | ||
'''Da'wah''' (دعوة) literally translates from Arabic to mean "invitation", but is usually used as an Islamic term which refers to Islamic proselytism. Similarly, a ''Da'ee'' is someone who "invites" to Islam, or carries out the Islamic proselytization. | |||
==The word== | ==The word== | ||
The Arabic word | The Arabic word da'wah (دعوة) is derived from the root دعو. A Muslim who performs da'wah is called داعي (''daa'ee''). | ||
===Lane's lexicon=== | ===Lane's lexicon=== | ||
According to the Lane's lexicon: | According to the Lane's lexicon: | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
}} | }} | ||
==In the | ==In the Qur'an== | ||
There are 212 words derived from the root دعو in the | There are 212 words derived from the root دعو in the Qur'an <ref>http://corpus.quran.com/qurandictionary.jsp?q=dEw</ref>, but only 6 occurrences are دعوة (''da'wah''). | ||
=== | ===da'wah (دعوة)=== | ||
In two of the six cases it occurs with a suffixed possessive pronoun (كما and ك). Notice that in none of these cases it speaks about proselytizing done by Muslims towards non-Muslims. | In two of the six cases it occurs with a suffixed possessive pronoun (كما and ك). Notice that in none of these cases it speaks about proselytizing done by Muslims towards non-Muslims. | ||
Allah responds to | Allah responds to da'wah (calling) from a person (da'wah towards Allah, not towards disbelievers): | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|186}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|2|186}}| | ||
And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to '''the invocation''' (دعوة) of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided. | And when My servants ask you, [O Muhammad], concerning Me - indeed I am near. I respond to '''the invocation''' (دعوة) of the supplicant when he calls upon Me. So let them respond to Me [by obedience] and believe in Me that they may be [rightly] guided. | ||
}} | }} | ||
Moses does | Moses does da'wah towards Allah so that he makes people disbelievers: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|10|88-89}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|10|88-89}}| | ||
And Moses said, "Our Lord, indeed You have given Pharaoh and his establishment splendor and wealth in the worldly life, our Lord, that they may lead [men] astray from Your way. Our Lord, obliterate their wealth and harden their hearts so that they will not believe until they see the painful punishment." | And Moses said, "Our Lord, indeed You have given Pharaoh and his establishment splendor and wealth in the worldly life, our Lord, that they may lead [men] astray from Your way. Our Lord, obliterate their wealth and harden their hearts so that they will not believe until they see the painful punishment." | ||
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[ Allah ] said, "'''Your supplication''' (دعوتكما) has been answered." So remain on a right course and follow not the way of those who do not know." | [ Allah ] said, "'''Your supplication''' (دعوتكما) has been answered." So remain on a right course and follow not the way of those who do not know." | ||
}} | }} | ||
This was the opposite of what is today known as " | This was the opposite of what is today known as "da'wah" (calling people to Islam). Moses wants to make people disbelievers and Allah fulfills his wish. | ||
In the verse 13:14, | In the verse 13:14, da'wah is directed "to him" (meaning "to Allah"), not towards the disbelievers: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|13|14}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|13|14}}| | ||
To Him [alone] is '''the supplication''' (دعوة) of truth. And those they call upon besides Him do not respond to them with a thing, except as one who stretches his hands toward water [from afar, calling it] to reach his mouth, but it will not reach it [thus]. And the supplication of the disbelievers is not but in error [i.e. futility]. | To Him [alone] is '''the supplication''' (دعوة) of truth. And those they call upon besides Him do not respond to them with a thing, except as one who stretches his hands toward water [from afar, calling it] to reach his mouth, but it will not reach it [thus]. And the supplication of the disbelievers is not but in error [i.e. futility]. | ||
}} | }} | ||
The meaning of the verse is that when Muslims give | The meaning of the verse is that when Muslims give da'wah towards Allah, he responds, but when polytheists give da'wah to their gods, the gods don't respond <ref>''"His exalted be He is the call of truth that is the words that constitute it the truth and these are ‘there is no god but God’ lā ilāha illā’Llāh; and those upon whom they call read yad‘ūn or tad‘ūn ‘you call’ those whom they worship apart from Him that is other than Him — namely the idols — do not answer them anything of which they ask; save as is the response to one who stretches forth his hands towards water at the edge of a well calling to it that it may reach his mouth by its rising through the well to reach him but it would never reach it that is reach his mouth ever likewise they the idols will not answer them; and the call of the disbelievers their worship of idols — or their actual supplication — goes only astray it is only in perdition.'' | ||
" | " | ||
https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=13&tAyahNo=14&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2</ref>. | https://www.altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=13&tAyahNo=14&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2</ref>. | ||
In 14:44, the | In 14:44, the da'wah is from Allah, and only towards people, not carried out by them: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|14|44}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|14|44}}| | ||
And, [O Muhammad], warn the people of a Day when the punishment will come to them and those who did wrong will say, "Our Lord, delay us for a short term; we will answer '''Your call''' (دعوتك) and follow the messengers." [But it will be said], "Had you not sworn, before, that for you there would be no cessation? | And, [O Muhammad], warn the people of a Day when the punishment will come to them and those who did wrong will say, "Our Lord, delay us for a short term; we will answer '''Your call''' (دعوتك) and follow the messengers." [But it will be said], "Had you not sworn, before, that for you there would be no cessation? | ||
}} | }} | ||
Da'wah is from Allah, not people: | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|30|25}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|30|25}}| | ||
And of His signs is that the heaven and earth remain by His command. Then when He calls you with '''a [single] call''' (دعوة) from the earth, immediately you will come forth. | And of His signs is that the heaven and earth remain by His command. Then when He calls you with '''a [single] call''' (دعوة) from the earth, immediately you will come forth. | ||
}} | }} | ||
And in the last one, the | And in the last one, the da'wah is from the disbelievers: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|40|42-43}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|40|42-43}}| | ||
You invite me to disbelieve in Allah and associate with Him that of which I have no knowledge, and I invite you to the Exalted in Might, the Perpetual Forgiver. | You invite me to disbelieve in Allah and associate with Him that of which I have no knowledge, and I invite you to the Exalted in Might, the Perpetual Forgiver. | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|2|142}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|2|142}}| | ||
He guides whom He wills to a straight path}} | He guides whom He wills to a straight path}} | ||
Muhammad, likewise, doesn't have any power in leading people to Islam: | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|28|56}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|28|56}}| | ||
Indeed, '''[O Muhammad], you do not guide''' whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the [rightly] guided. | Indeed, '''[O Muhammad], you do not guide''' whom you like, but Allah guides whom He wills. And He is most knowing of the [rightly] guided. | ||