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'''Hubal''' (هبل) was the head moon-god of the polytheistic Arab pantheon at the [[Kaaba|Ka'aba]].<ref>Karen Armstrong (2000,2002). Islam: A Short History. pp. 11. ISBN 0-8129-6618-x.</ref>
'''Hubal''' (هبل) was the head moon-god of the polytheistic Arab pantheon at the [[Kaaba|Ka'ba]].<ref>Karen Armstrong (2000,2002). Islam: A Short History. pp. 11. ISBN 0-8129-6618-x.</ref> Hubal's idol was one of many located in the Kaaba, which [[Muhammad]] ultimately removed and destroyed upon his conquest of [[Mecca]].


==Qur'an==
Despite Hubal's importance to the pagan Arabs, the [[Quran]] does not mention the moon-god by name, even as it mentions the names of other pagan Arab deities, such as [[Satanic Verses - Gharaniq Incident|al-Lat, al-Uzza, and Manat]].


Interestingly enough, despite Hubal's importance to the pagan Arabs, the [[Quran]] does not mention the moon-god by name.
Some have suggested that Muhammad's idea of [[Allah (definition)|Allah]] was simply a transformation of preexisting ideas of Hubal and perhaps, another pagan Arab god, Baal, however these claims appear untenable.


==Hadith==
==Description in hadith==


{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|4|52|276}}|2=Narrated Al-Bara bin Azib: The Prophet appointed 'Abdullah bin Jubair as the commander of the infantry men (archers) who were fifty on the day (of the battle) of Uhud. He instructed them, "Stick to your place, and don't leave it even if you see birds snatching us, till I send for you; and if you see that we have defeated the infidels and made them flee, even then you should not leave your place till I send for you." Then the infidels were defeated. By Allah, I saw the women fleeing lifting up their clothes revealing their leg-bangles and their legs. So, the companions of 'Abdullah bin Jubair said, "The booty! O people, the booty ! Your companions have become victorious, what are you waiting for now?" 'Abdullah bin Jubair said, "Have you forgotten what Allah's Apostle said to you?" They replied, "By Allah! We will go to the people (i.e. the enemy) and collect our share from the war booty." But when they went to them, they were forced to turn back defeated. At that time Allah's Apostle in their rear was calling them back. Only twelve men remained with the Prophet and the infidels martyred seventy men from us.  
{{Quote|1={{Bukhari|4|52|276}}|2=Narrated Al-Bara bin Azib: The Prophet appointed 'Abdullah bin Jubair as the commander of the infantry men (archers) who were fifty on the day (of the battle) of Uhud. He instructed them, "Stick to your place, and don't leave it even if you see birds snatching us, till I send for you; and if you see that we have defeated the infidels and made them flee, even then you should not leave your place till I send for you." Then the infidels were defeated. By Allah, I saw the women fleeing lifting up their clothes revealing their leg-bangles and their legs. So, the companions of 'Abdullah bin Jubair said, "The booty! O people, the booty ! Your companions have become victorious, what are you waiting for now?" 'Abdullah bin Jubair said, "Have you forgotten what Allah's Apostle said to you?" They replied, "By Allah! We will go to the people (i.e. the enemy) and collect our share from the war booty." But when they went to them, they were forced to turn back defeated. At that time Allah's Apostle in their rear was calling them back. Only twelve men remained with the Prophet and the infidels martyred seventy men from us.  
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{{Quote|1=[http://books.google.com/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Peters, Francis E. (1994). ''Muhammad and the origins of Islam''. (p. 109). Albany: State University of New York Press.]|2=The Quraysh had several idols in and around the Ka'ba. The greatest of these was Hubal. It was made, as I was told, of red agate, in the form of a man with the right hand broken off. It came into the possession of the Quraysh in this condition, and they therefore made for it a hand of gold....It stood inside the Ka'ba, and in front of it were seven divinatory arrows. On one of these were written the word "pure," and on another "associated alien." Whenever the lineage of a newborn was doubted, they would offer a sacrifice to Hubal and then shuffle the arrows and throw them. If the arrows showed the word "pure," the child would be declared legitimate and the tribe would accept him. If, however, the arrows showed "associated alien," the child would be declared illegitimate and the tribe would reject him. The third arrow had to do with divination concerning the dead, while the fourth was for divination about marriage. The purpose of the three remaining arrows has not been explained. Whenever they disagreed concerning something, or proposed to embark upon a journey, or undertake some other project, they would proceed to Hubal and shuffle the divinatory arrows before it. Whatever result they obtained they would follow and do accordingly. (Ibn al-Kalbi, ''Book of Idols'', pp. 28-29 = Ibn al-Kalbi 1952, pp. 23-24)}}
{{Quote|1=[http://books.google.com/books?id=0OrCo4VyvGkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false Peters, Francis E. (1994). ''Muhammad and the origins of Islam''. (p. 109). Albany: State University of New York Press.]|2=The Quraysh had several idols in and around the Ka'ba. The greatest of these was Hubal. It was made, as I was told, of red agate, in the form of a man with the right hand broken off. It came into the possession of the Quraysh in this condition, and they therefore made for it a hand of gold....It stood inside the Ka'ba, and in front of it were seven divinatory arrows. On one of these were written the word "pure," and on another "associated alien." Whenever the lineage of a newborn was doubted, they would offer a sacrifice to Hubal and then shuffle the arrows and throw them. If the arrows showed the word "pure," the child would be declared legitimate and the tribe would accept him. If, however, the arrows showed "associated alien," the child would be declared illegitimate and the tribe would reject him. The third arrow had to do with divination concerning the dead, while the fourth was for divination about marriage. The purpose of the three remaining arrows has not been explained. Whenever they disagreed concerning something, or proposed to embark upon a journey, or undertake some other project, they would proceed to Hubal and shuffle the divinatory arrows before it. Whatever result they obtained they would follow and do accordingly. (Ibn al-Kalbi, ''Book of Idols'', pp. 28-29 = Ibn al-Kalbi 1952, pp. 23-24)}}


===Additional reading===
===Additional mentions===


*[http://books.google.com/books?id=KOzmNQTb7_EC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false The History of al-Tabarī, Volume VI: Muhammad at Mecca]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=KOzmNQTb7_EC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false The History of al-Tabarī, Volume VI: Muhammad at Mecca]
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See pages 127-132
See pages 127-132
==Is Allah really Hubal?==
There are theories that "[[Allah]]" was the title given to Hubal prior to the advent of [[Islam]], and there continue to be theories that Islam's Allah is indeed Hubal and may even be [[w:Baal|Ba'al]] as well. It appears undeniable, however, that Muhammad's teachings took inspiration from (and often times directly emulated or adopted - in terminology when not in practice) contemporary polytheistic beliefs and rituals.
For more information, refer to the external articles.


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