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Camel Urine and Islam: Difference between revisions
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{{QualityScore|Lead= | {{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=2|Content=3|Language=4|References=3}} | ||
Numerous [[Hadith]] traditions advise the use of camel urine as a medicine. These traditions have produced a number of texts and commentary on camel urine in the Islamic tradition. | |||
==Camel Urine in the Hadiths== | ==Camel Urine in the Hadiths== | ||
{{Quote|{{Bukhari| | {{Quote|{{Bukhari|||6802|darussalam}}|Narrated Anas:Some people from the tribe of 'Ukl came to the Prophet and embraced Islam. The climate of Medina did not suit them, so the Prophet ordered them to go to the (herd of milch) camels of charity and to '''drink''', their milk and '''urine''' (as a medicine).}} | ||
{{Quote|{{Muslim| | {{Quote|{{Muslim||1671a|reference}}|Anas b. Malik reported that some people belonging (to the tribe) of 'Uraina came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) at Medina, but they found its climate uncongenial. So Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to them: If you so like, you may go to the camels of Sadaqa and '''drink''' their milk and '''urine'''. They did so and were all right.}} | ||
{{Quote|[http://www.answering-islam.org/Silas/shepherds.htm From The Sirat Rasul Allah ( The Life of The Prophet of God ), by Ibn Ishaq (3) pages 677, 678]|"A tradtionalist told me from one who had told him from Muhammad b. Talha from Uthman v. Abdul-Rahman that in the raid of Muharib and B. Thalaba the apostle had captured a slave called Yasar, and he put him in charge of his milch-camels to shepherd them in the neighborhood of al-Jamma. Some men of Qays of Kubba of Bajila came to the apostle suffering from an epidemic and enlarged spleens, and the apostle told them that if they went to the milch camels and '''drank''' their milk and their '''urine''' they would recover, so off they went.}} | {{Quote|[http://www.answering-islam.org/Silas/shepherds.htm From The Sirat Rasul Allah ( The Life of The Prophet of God ), by Ibn Ishaq (3) pages 677, 678]|"A tradtionalist told me from one who had told him from Muhammad b. Talha from Uthman v. Abdul-Rahman that in the raid of Muharib and B. Thalaba the apostle had captured a slave called Yasar, and he put him in charge of his milch-camels to shepherd them in the neighborhood of al-Jamma. Some men of Qays of Kubba of Bajila came to the apostle suffering from an epidemic and enlarged spleens, and the apostle told them that if they went to the milch camels and '''drank''' their milk and their '''urine''' they would recover, so off they went.}} | ||
These traditions portray [[Muhammed]] as believing that camel urine has medicinal value. According to these traditions, he prescribed it to cure the men’s illness. | |||
There is also the | There is also the some evidence for the use of camel urine was a cultural norm among the Bedouin Arabs as camels had many valuable uses among the people of ancient Arabia. | ||
{{Quote|[http://www.nabataea.net/camel.html The Camel:Ancient ship of the Desert and the Nabataeans]|For centuries the Nabataean moved goods in the desert by camel caravan. The camel was the backbone of their merchant enterprise, and it is only through understanding the camel, that we can better understand the Nabataean. While the Nabataeans are mostly remembered in the west for the ancient city of Petra, the Nabataeans themselves etched graffiti on many of the rocks and wadi walls of the Middle East. Many of these inscriptions bear reference to or pictures of camels and are the items that the common people left behind in their own memory. | {{Quote|[http://www.nabataea.net/camel.html The Camel:Ancient ship of the Desert and the Nabataeans]|For centuries the Nabataean moved goods in the desert by camel caravan. The camel was the backbone of their merchant enterprise, and it is only through understanding the camel, that we can better understand the Nabataean. While the Nabataeans are mostly remembered in the west for the ancient city of Petra, the Nabataeans themselves etched graffiti on many of the rocks and wadi walls of the Middle East. Many of these inscriptions bear reference to or pictures of camels and are the items that the common people left behind in their own memory. | ||
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According to Plinio Prioreschi, author of A History of Medicine: Byzantine and Islamic Medicine, the use of camel urine as medicine might have been a common remedy in Muhammed's time. According to Prioreschi there is some evidence the Arabs might have used the usual mixture of musical folk formulas and crude medicine including Drekapotheke (excrement ). | According to Plinio Prioreschi, author of A History of Medicine: Byzantine and Islamic Medicine, the use of camel urine as medicine might have been a common remedy in Muhammed's time. According to Prioreschi there is some evidence the Arabs might have used the usual mixture of musical folk formulas and crude medicine including Drekapotheke (excrement ). | ||
Evidently the camel played an important role to the Bedouin Arabs and this much suggests Muhammed | Evidently the camel played an important role to the Bedouin Arabs and this much suggests Muhammed could have gotten the idea of camel urine having medicinal properties from those around him. | ||
==The use of camel urine in the Muslim world== | ==The use of camel urine in the Muslim world== | ||
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The most beneficial of urine is the urine of Bedouin camels which are called najeeb.}} | The most beneficial of urine is the urine of Bedouin camels which are called najeeb.}} | ||
Islam Q and A states that the benefits of camel urine have been well known to earlier generations of medical science and have been proven by modern scientific research. It is interesting and perhaps problematic that all the scientists who are promoting camel urine as a medical cure are Muslim. The drinking of camel urine is part of an alternative medicine movement called urine therapy and the American Cancer Society’s position is that scientific evidence does not support individual claims that urine or urea given in any form is helpful for cancer patients and that the safety of urine therapy has not been confirmed by scientific studies. | Islam Q and A states that the benefits of camel urine have been well known to earlier generations of medical science and have been proven by modern scientific research. It is interesting and perhaps problematic though not surprising that all the scientists who are promoting camel urine as a medical cure are Muslim. The drinking of camel urine is part of an alternative medicine movement called urine therapy and the American Cancer Society’s position is that scientific evidence does not support individual claims that urine or urea given in any form is helpful for cancer patients and that the safety of urine therapy has not been confirmed by scientific studies. | ||
Meanwhile, camel urine was found to cause a significant cytotoxic effect in the bone marrow cells of mice: | |||
{{Quote|[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8771453]|Camel urine treatment was found to cause a significant cytotoxic effect in the bone marrow cells of mice. This cytotoxicity at higher doses was comparable with that of standard drug cyclophosphamide (CP). However, unlike CP, the camel urine treatment failed to induce any clastogenicity. The cytotoxicity induced by camel urine treatment was substantiated by the reduction of liver nucleic acids and glutathione levels and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the same animals. CP treatment was found to be highly clastogenic, cytotoxic and it reduced the levels of nucleic acids, proteins, glutathione and increased malondialdehyde concentration due to its prooxidant nature. The non-clastogenic nature of camel urine was attributed to the antioxidant and antimutagenic compounds present in camel urine. Pretreatment with camel urine increased the cytotoxicity of CP and intensified the CP induced reduction of liver nucleic acids, glutathione and increased the MDA concentration. The increase of CP induced cytotoxicity appears to be partly due to the additive effect of the two treatments on cellular lipid peroxidation. | {{Quote|[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8771453]|Camel urine treatment was found to cause a significant cytotoxic effect in the bone marrow cells of mice. This cytotoxicity at higher doses was comparable with that of standard drug cyclophosphamide (CP). However, unlike CP, the camel urine treatment failed to induce any clastogenicity. The cytotoxicity induced by camel urine treatment was substantiated by the reduction of liver nucleic acids and glutathione levels and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the same animals. CP treatment was found to be highly clastogenic, cytotoxic and it reduced the levels of nucleic acids, proteins, glutathione and increased malondialdehyde concentration due to its prooxidant nature. The non-clastogenic nature of camel urine was attributed to the antioxidant and antimutagenic compounds present in camel urine. Pretreatment with camel urine increased the cytotoxicity of CP and intensified the CP induced reduction of liver nucleic acids, glutathione and increased the MDA concentration. The increase of CP induced cytotoxicity appears to be partly due to the additive effect of the two treatments on cellular lipid peroxidation. | ||
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He said the camel antibodies, by being transported from the desert sands into the laboratory test tube, had the potential to be a vital weapon against human diseases.}} | He said the camel antibodies, by being transported from the desert sands into the laboratory test tube, had the potential to be a vital weapon against human diseases.}} | ||
In regard to the natural immunity of camels, | In regard to the natural immunity of camels, microbiology shows that antibodies are specialized cells that attack and destroy invading microorganisms and other foreign objects. At present, there is no evidence that some antibodies come in smaller packages than others or that these smaller antibodies can penetrate deep into human tissue and cells. Moreover, camel urine does not contain any antibodies unless the animal is fighting an infection. In that case, the camel urine could not only sicken a person but allow a pathogen to cross the species barrier and cause a major epidemic. In fact, the drinking of camel urine by Muslims may be the origin of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS) and [[w:World Health Organization|WHO]] has advised against drinking it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/8-december-2016-mers-oman/en/ |title=Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – Oman |publisher=World Health Organization |author= |date=8 december 2016 |archiveurl=https://web-beta.archive.org/web/20161209163420/http://www.who.int/csr/don/8-december-2016-mers-oman/en |deadurl=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/06/10/stop-drinking-camel-urine-world-health-organization-says |title=Stop Drinking Camel Urine, World Health Organization Says | ||
|publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> | |publisher= |author= |date= |archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}</ref> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Urine|Urine]] | |||
*[[:Category:Animals|Animals]] | |||
{{Translation-links-english|[[Velbloudí moč a islám|Czech]]}} | {{Translation-links-english|[[Velbloudí moč a islám|Czech]]}} | ||
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[[Category:Islam and Science]] | [[Category:Islam and Science]] | ||
[[Category:Health]] | [[Category:Health]] | ||
[[Category:Hygiene]] | |||