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Iblis (Satan): Difference between revisions
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'''Iblis''' (إبليس), also known as '''al-Shaytan''' (الشيطان) or "The Devil" (as opposed to other, lesser [[Shaytan (Devil)|devils, or ''shayatin'']], who are not ''The'' Devil), is the Islamic equivalent of Satan who is responsible for Adam and Eve's fall from Heaven as well as for the perennial temptation of humankind to sin. Iblis is understood to be the specific name of the being who eventually becomes ''The'' Devil after disobeying [[Allah|Allah's]] order to prostrate to Adam, the first human. The classical Islamic tradition was divided as to whether Iblis is a fallen angel or merely a [[jinn]] who, after having been so devout as to ''rank'' among the angels, became jealous of Adam, arrogant, and then irredeemably evil. Today, however, Iblis is almost universally held to be a uniquely corrupt jinn.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=E.J. Brill|volume=3 H-IRAM|editor1=B. Lewis|editor2=V.L. Menage|editor3=Ch. Pellat|editor4=J. Schacht|edition=New Edition [2nd]|location=Leiden|chapter=Iblis|pages=668-669|publication-date=1986|isbn=90 04 08118 6}}</ref> The Qur'an reads, "And (remember) when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He was of the jinn, so he rebelled against his Lord's command."<ref>{{Quran|18|50}}</ref> | '''Iblis''' (إبليس), also known as '''al-Shaytan''' (الشيطان) or "The Devil" (as opposed to other, lesser [[Shaytan (Devil)|devils, or ''shayatin'']], who are not ''The'' Devil), is the Islamic equivalent of Satan who is responsible for Adam and Eve's fall from Heaven as well as for the perennial temptation of humankind to sin. Iblis is understood to be the specific name of the being who eventually becomes ''The'' Devil after disobeying [[Allah|Allah's]] order to prostrate to Adam, the first human. The classical Islamic tradition was divided as to whether Iblis is a fallen angel or merely a [[jinn]] who, after having been so devout as to ''rank'' among the angels, became jealous of Adam, arrogant, and then irredeemably evil. Today, however, Iblis is almost universally held to be a uniquely corrupt jinn.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam|publisher=E.J. Brill|volume=3 H-IRAM|editor1=B. Lewis|editor2=V.L. Menage|editor3=Ch. Pellat|editor4=J. Schacht|edition=New Edition [2nd]|location=Leiden|chapter=Iblis|pages=668-669|publication-date=1986|isbn=90 04 08118 6}}</ref> The Qur'an reads, "And (remember) when We said unto the angels: Fall prostrate before Adam, and they fell prostrate, all save Iblis. He was of the jinn, so he rebelled against his Lord's command."<ref>{{Quran|18|50}}</ref> | ||
Iblis is also known as "The Cursed Devil", or ''al-shaytan al-rajim''<ref>{{Quran|2|36}}</ref>, and "Enemy of Allah", or ''aduww Allah''<ref>{{Quran|8|60}} contains the phrase "enemy of Allah", although it is unclear in context whether this referring to Iblis in particular or some other individual or "unbelievers" in general.</ref>''.'' | Iblis is also known as "The Cursed Devil", or ''al-shaytan al-rajim'' (lit. "the [[Stoning|stoned]] Devil" - perhaps an inspiration for the relevant [[Hajj]] ritual)<ref>{{Quran|2|36}}</ref>, and "Enemy of Allah", or ''aduww Allah''<ref>{{Quran|8|60}} contains the phrase "enemy of Allah", although it is unclear in context whether this referring to Iblis in particular or some other individual or "unbelievers" in general.</ref>''.'' | ||
==Descriptions in scripture== | ==Descriptions in scripture== | ||
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===In the Quran=== | ===In the Quran=== | ||
==== His story ==== | ====His story==== | ||
==== His species ==== | ====His species==== | ||
===In the hadith=== | ===In the hadith=== | ||
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====Appearance==== | ====Appearance==== | ||
==== Other descriptions ==== | ====Other descriptions==== | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||