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Race and Tribe in Islam: Difference between revisions
→Imam Malik
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====Classical views==== | ====Classical views==== | ||
{{Quote|{{citation|author=Ibn Taymiyyah|title=Iqtida Sirat al-Mustaqim|publisher=al-Maktaba al-Shamila|Chapter=The difference between the Arab and non-Arab races|volume=1|pages=419-461|url=https://app.turath.io/book/11620}}|'''The Arabs are more intelligent than those other than themselves and are more capable in delivery and expression''' . . . verily, what the people of the sunnah are upon is the belief (i’tiqaad) that '''the Arab race is better (afdal) than the Non-Arab race'''. Whether (the Non-Arabs) are Hebrews, Aramaic, Romans, Persians and other than them . . . not simply due to the fact the prophet peace be upon him is from them – even though this is [a point] of superiority – but instead, '''they themselves are superior within themselves''' . . . [for] '''Allah the Most High has designated the Arabs and their language with rulings that are peculiar and unique.'''”}}{{Quote|Abu Hanifah quoted in {{citation|author=Muhammad al-Shaybani|title=al-Jami al-Sagheer|pages=140-141}} quoted in {{citation|author=Susan A. Spectorsky|title=Women in Classical Islamic Law|publisher=Brill|page=77|ISBN=978 90 04 17435 1|year=2010}}|'''The Quraysh are each other’s equals, and the Arabs are each other’s equals'''. Among the non-Arabs, whoever has two Muslim parents or grandparents are each other’s equal.}}{{Quote|{{citation|publisher=al-Maktaba al-Shamila|author=[[Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti]]|page=48|url=https://app.turath.io/book/151019|title=Sawn al-Mantiq wal-Kalam an Fanni al-Mantiq wal-Kalam}}|Imam Shafi'i said, "'''People do not become ignorant and do not disagree except due to their leaving the tongue of the Arabs''' and their adoption of the tongue of Aristotle"}}{{Quote|Ahmad ibn Hanbal quoted in {{citation|author=Ibn Hani|title=Masail Ahmad b. Hanbal|page=200|chapter=no. 992}} quoted in {{citation|author=Susan A. Spectorsky|title=Women in Classical Islamic Law|publisher=Brill|page=78|ISBN=978 90 04 17435 1|year=2010}}|'''Arabs are of equal standing with each other, and the Quraysh are of equal standing with each other.'''}} | {{Quote|{{citation|author=Ibn Taymiyyah|title=Iqtida Sirat al-Mustaqim|publisher=al-Maktaba al-Shamila|Chapter=The difference between the Arab and non-Arab races|volume=1|pages=419-461|url=https://app.turath.io/book/11620}}|'''The Arabs are more intelligent than those other than themselves and are more capable in delivery and expression''' . . . verily, what the people of the sunnah are upon is the belief (i’tiqaad) that '''the Arab race is better (afdal) than the Non-Arab race'''. Whether (the Non-Arabs) are Hebrews, Aramaic, Romans, Persians and other than them . . . not simply due to the fact the prophet peace be upon him is from them – even though this is [a point] of superiority – but instead, '''they themselves are superior within themselves''' . . . [for] '''Allah the Most High has designated the Arabs and their language with rulings that are peculiar and unique.'''”}}{{Quote|Abu Hanifah quoted in {{citation|author=Muhammad al-Shaybani|title=al-Jami al-Sagheer|pages=140-141}} quoted in {{citation|author=Susan A. Spectorsky|title=Women in Classical Islamic Law|publisher=Brill|page=77|ISBN=978 90 04 17435 1|year=2010}}|'''The Quraysh are each other’s equals, and the Arabs are each other’s equals'''. Among the non-Arabs, whoever has two Muslim parents or grandparents are each other’s equal.}}{{Quote|{{citation|publisher=al-Maktaba al-Shamila|author=[[Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti]]|page=48|url=https://app.turath.io/book/151019|title=Sawn al-Mantiq wal-Kalam an Fanni al-Mantiq wal-Kalam}}|Imam Shafi'i said, "'''People do not become ignorant and do not disagree except due to their leaving the tongue of the Arabs''' and their adoption of the tongue of Aristotle"}}{{Quote|Ahmad ibn Hanbal quoted in {{citation|author=Ibn Hani|title=Masail Ahmad b. Hanbal|page=200|chapter=no. 992}} quoted in {{citation|author=Susan A. Spectorsky|title=Women in Classical Islamic Law|publisher=Brill|page=78|ISBN=978 90 04 17435 1|year=2010}}|'''Arabs are of equal standing with each other, and the Quraysh are of equal standing with each other.'''}}{{Quote|{{citation|author=Ibn Abi Ya'la|volume=1|page=30|title=Tabaqat al-Hanabilah|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9543|publisher=al-Maktaba al-Shamila}}; translated in {{citation|page=32|author=Nimrod Hurvitz|publisher=Routledge|title=The Formation of Hanbalism|year=2002|ISBN=978-0-415-61641-6}}|He '''(Ibn Hanbal) acknowledged the Arab’s due, and their superiority (fadlaha) and their priority (sabiqataha)''' and he loved the . . . he (Ibn Hanbal) did not adhere to the doctrine of '''the Shu’ubiyya [a Persian sect that believed in racial egalitarianism]''' and the contemptible (among) the mawali [non-Arabs] that disliked the Arabs and did not concede to them their [Arabs] superiority. '''He (ascribed to) them (Shu’ubiyya) innovation, hypocrisy and controversy.'''}} | ||
====Modern views==== | ====Modern views==== | ||