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<metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc> | <metadesc>Traditional Scholars portal summary</metadesc>{{#seo: | ||
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|title=Early Islamic History | |title=Early Islamic History | ||
|keywords=Islam, Muhammad, Caliphate, Abbassid, Umayyad, Rashidun, Prophetic | |keywords=Islam, Muhammad, Caliphate, Abbassid, Umayyad, Rashidun, Prophetic | ||
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The first centuries of the Islamic Hijri calendar, starting in the CE year 622, were the formative years of the religion. Between the first and third Islamic centuries the Qur'an was written down and codified, the prophet lived and died, the great [[hadith]] collections were gathered, the [[sira]] of the prophet was committed to writing, the great schools of Sunni jurisprudence came to be, and the theology of Islam attained its familiar form. The end of the | The first centuries of the Islamic Hijri calendar, starting in the CE year 622, were the formative years of the religion. Between the first and third Islamic centuries the Qur'an was written down and codified, the prophet lived and died, the great [[hadith]] collections were gathered, the [[sira]] of the prophet was committed to writing, the great schools of Sunni jurisprudence came to be, and the theology of Islam attained its familiar form. The end of the Abbasid period saw the "crystallization" of the Islamic tradition around the Sunnah of the prophet and the Qur'an placed in creation before all time and space after the defeat of the Mu'atazilite heresy. These years thus can be said to cover the formation of the religion of Islam as we know it today. | ||
==Career of the Prophet== | ==Career of the Prophet== | ||
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{{PortalArticle|image=|title=Battle of Badr|summary= The battle of Badr was the prophet's first battle and one of his most successful; Muhammad's success here gave faith, both to himself and the movement, and the tradition sees proof of divine aide both in the Qur'an and the sira account of the battle.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=|title=The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza|summary= The massacre of the | {{PortalArticle|image=Battle of Badr.jpg|title=Battle of Badr|summary= The battle of Badr was the prophet's first battle and one of his most successful; Muhammad's success here gave faith, both to himself and the movement, and the tradition sees proof of divine aide both in the Qur'an and the sira account of the battle.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Banu_qurayza_massacre.jpg|title=The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza|summary= The massacre of the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayzah remains one of the most controversial events of the [[sira]] to this day; a great victory for Muhammad and the Muslims, the mercilessness with which he dealt with his Jewish enemies leaves many questions about the character of the prophet.|description=}} | ||
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{{PortalArticle|image=|title=List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|summary= Muhammad ordered many people who oppossed him or the Muslim movement to be killed.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=|title=List of expeditions of Muhammad|summary= The original title of the works of the sira were the maghaazi مغازي or raids; the career of the prophet from the earliest times was defined by his military adventures.|description=}} | {{PortalArticle|image=Poet Killed by the Muslims.jpg|title=List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|summary= Muhammad ordered many people who oppossed him or the Muslim movement to be killed.|description=}} {{PortalArticle|image=Muhammad Military.jpg|title=List of expeditions of Muhammad|summary= The original title of the works of the sira were the maghaazi مغازي or raids; the career of the prophet from the earliest times was defined by his military adventures.|description=}} | ||
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*[[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]] | *[[Treaty of Hudaybiyyah]] | ||
*[[Medina]] | *[[Medina]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Farewell Sermon]] | ||
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*[[Mecca]] | *[[Mecca]] | ||
*[[Battle of Uhud]] | *[[Battle of Uhud]] | ||
*[[Muhammad's Death]] | *[[Muhammad's Death]] | ||
*[[Muhammad in History Outside of the Islamic Tradition]] | *[[Muhammad in History Outside of the Islamic Tradition]] | ||
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{{PortalArticle|image=|title=Dihya the Berber Queen (Al-Kaahina)|summary=Dihya was a Berber queen who fiercely resisted the expanding caliphate to her death | {{PortalArticle|image=Dihya.jpg|title=Dihya the Berber Queen (Al-Kaahina)|summary=Dihya was a Berber queen who fiercely resisted the expanding caliphate to her death. |description=}} | ||
</div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"> | </div><div class="articleSummaryColumn"> | ||
</div> | {{PortalArticle|image=Khilafa Map.png|title=Khilafah (Caliphate)|summary= The caliphate, or success state to the prophet, in orthodox Sunni Islam is seen as the continuation of the rule of the prophet of Allah by his viceroy on earth, and is a divinely ordained institution.|description=}} | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
===Other articles in this section=== | ===Other articles in this section=== | ||
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==The | ==The Formation of the Qur'an and Classical Arabic== | ||
The Qur'an, and with it the classical Arabic language took place during this period. Before the rise of Islam, Arabic did not have one standardized script or grammar, and various dialects were written in various scripts such as Nabatean Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, and many others. The writing of the Qur'an coincided with the crystallization of the modern Arabic script, and the history of the Arabic and its script are deeply interwoven with the history of the Qur'an. | The Qur'an, and with it the classical Arabic language took place during this period. Before the rise of Islam, Arabic did not have one standardized script or grammar, and various dialects were written in various scripts such as Nabatean Aramaic, Syriac, Greek, and many others. The writing of the Qur'an coincided with the crystallization of the modern Arabic script, and the history of the Arabic and its script are deeply interwoven with the history of the Qur'an. | ||
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{{PortalArticle|image=|title=Textual History of the Qur'an|summary=The Qur'an was never put down to writing during the prophet's lifetime, according to the Islamic sources the impetus to put the Qur'an to writing came from the death of many of the Muslims who had memorized it.|description=}} | {{PortalArticle|image=Ancient Mushaf.jpg|title=Textual History of the Qur'an|summary=The Qur'an was never put down to writing during the prophet's lifetime, according to the Islamic sources the impetus to put the Qur'an to writing came from the death of many of the Muslims who had memorized it.|description=}} | ||
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{{PortalArticle|image=|title=Huruf Muqatta'at (Disjointed Letters in the Qur'an)|summary=Many of the chapters of the Qur'an begin with mysterious combinations of letters whose function remains unclear to this day.|description=}} | {{PortalArticle|image=Huruf Muqta'a.jpg|title=Huruf Muqatta'at (Disjointed Letters in the Qur'an)|summary=Many of the chapters of the Qur'an begin with mysterious combinations of letters whose function remains unclear to this day.|description=}} | ||
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*[[Arabic letters and diacritics]] | *[[Arabic letters and diacritics]] | ||
*[[Diacritical Marks of the Qur'an]] | *[[Diacritical Marks of the Qur'an]] | ||
*[[Sana'a Manuscript]] | |||
*[[Spelling Inconsistencies in the Quran]] | |||
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[[Category:Portals]] | |||