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Crucifixion: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Crucified in iraq.jpg|right|210px|thumb|Victims of crucifixion, under Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq. It is a prescribed punishment in {{Quran|5|33}} for those who cause 'mischief'.]] | [[File:Crucified in iraq.jpg|right|210px|thumb|Victims of crucifixion, under Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq. It is a prescribed punishment in {{Quran|5|33}} for those who cause 'mischief'.]] | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
'''Crucifixion''' ( | '''Crucifixion''' (Arabic: صلب ''salb'') typically refers to the painful method of execution and/or torture by tying and/or nailing someone to a cross, stake or tree. It can also refer to the method of public display of a body after execution. | ||
==In the Modern World== | ==In the Modern World== | ||
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Despite the fact that Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, abolished crucifixion in the Roman Empire in 337 AD, out of veneration for [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]], the most famous victim of crucifixion,<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/144583/crucifixion crucifixion] - Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2009</ref> [[Muhammad]] perpetuated this practice by declaring it a prescribed punishment in [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Islamic law]]. | Despite the fact that Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor, abolished crucifixion in the Roman Empire in 337 AD, out of veneration for [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]], the most famous victim of crucifixion,<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/144583/crucifixion crucifixion] - Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2009</ref> [[Muhammad]] perpetuated this practice by declaring it a prescribed punishment in [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Islamic law]]. | ||
Crucifixion is still a part of | Crucifixion is still a part of Iran's criminal code,<ref>Ehsan Zar Rokh - [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1108208 Case Study in Iranian Criminal System] - University of Tehran, 2008</ref> and as a method of torture and execution is still being used, primarily against Christians and Christian converts, in Sudan and Iraq, both Islamic countries.<ref>Simon Caldwell - [http://www.archive.catholicherald.co.uk/articles/a0000648.shtml Christians are ‘crucified’ in guerrilla raids] - The Catholic Herald, September 25, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=56726 Report: Christians crucified by terrorists in Iraq] - WorldNetDaily, July 17, 2007</ref> | ||
As Joseph (who was taken into slavery by Muslims at the age of seven) found out in November 2004, not even children are spared. | As Joseph (who was taken into slavery by Muslims at the age of seven) found out in November 2004, not even children are spared. | ||
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Adding itself to the ranks of shariah-practicing leaderships, Hamas, the Islamic governing body of Gaza, reinstated the penalty of crucifixion in 2008,<ref>Nicole Jansezian - [http://www.newsmax.com/International/Hamas-bombs-Gaza-Israel/2009/01/09/id/327583 Hamas Reinstates Crucifixions of Christians] - Newsmax, January 9, 2009</ref> and in May 2009 and June 2010 two convicted killers were beheaded in Saudi Arabia and their bodies were crucified for public display.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/05/30/saudi.arabia.execution/index.html Convicted killer beheaded, put on display in Saudi Arabia] - CNN, May 30, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/saudi-beheads-and-nails-murderers-body-to-cross/story-e6frfku0-1225882510806 Saudi beheads and nails murderer's body to cross] - NewsCore, June 22, 2010</ref> | Adding itself to the ranks of shariah-practicing leaderships, Hamas, the Islamic governing body of Gaza, reinstated the penalty of crucifixion in 2008,<ref>Nicole Jansezian - [http://www.newsmax.com/International/Hamas-bombs-Gaza-Israel/2009/01/09/id/327583 Hamas Reinstates Crucifixions of Christians] - Newsmax, January 9, 2009</ref> and in May 2009 and June 2010 two convicted killers were beheaded in Saudi Arabia and their bodies were crucified for public display.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/05/30/saudi.arabia.execution/index.html Convicted killer beheaded, put on display in Saudi Arabia] - CNN, May 30, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/saudi-beheads-and-nails-murderers-body-to-cross/story-e6frfku0-1225882510806 Saudi beheads and nails murderer's body to cross] - NewsCore, June 22, 2010</ref> | ||
In June 2011 two Christian brothers from the | In June 2011 two Christian brothers from the Ivory Coast were badly beaten, tortured, then nailed with steel spikes to cross-shaped planks by their hands and feet, on “the example of Christ” by forces loyal to Muslim President Alassane Ouattara. Raphael, the eldest brother, died from his injuries.<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://barnabasfund.org/US/News/News-analysis/Brothers-crucified-by-Ouattara-forces-in-Ivory-Coast.html|2=2011-07-02}} Brothers crucified by Ouattara forces in Ivory Coast] - Barnabas Aid, June 8, 2011</ref> | ||
Rudolph Peters, a well respected historian and specialist in Islamic law, writes: | Rudolph Peters, a well respected historian and specialist in Islamic law, writes: | ||
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===Muslim Apostates=== | ===Muslim Apostates=== | ||
{{Quote|1={{ | {{Quote|1={{Abu Dawud||4353|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) Said: The blood of a Muslim man who testifies that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is Allah's Apostle should not lawfully be shed except only for one of three reasons: a man who committed fornication after marriage, in which case he should be stoned; one who goes forth to fight with Allah and His Apostle, in which case he should be killed or '''crucified''' or exiled from the land; or one who commits murder for which he is killed.}} | ||
===Mischief Makers=== | ===Mischief Makers=== | ||
{{Quote|1={{ | {{Quote|1={{Abu Dawud||4370|darussalam}}|2=Narrated AbuzZinad: When the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) cut off (the hands and feet of) those who had stolen his camels and he had their eyes put out by fire (heated nails), Allah reprimanded him on that (action), and Allah, the Exalted, revealed: "The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Apostle and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is execution or '''crucifixion'''."}} | ||
{{Quote|1={{ | {{Quote|1={{Abu Dawud||4372|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas: The verse "The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Apostle, and strive with might and main for mischief through the land is execution, or '''crucifixion''', or the cutting off of hands and feet from opposite side or exile from the land...most merciful" was revealed about polytheists. If any of them repents before they are arrested, it does not prevent from inflicting on him the prescribed punishment which he deserves.}} | ||
===The First Crucifixion=== | ===The First Crucifixion=== | ||
{{Quote|1={{ | {{Quote|1={{Abu Dawud||591|darussalam}}|2=Narrated Umm Waraqah daughter of Nawfal: When the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) proceeded for the Battle of Badr, I said to him: Apostle of Allah allow me to accompany you in the battle. I shall act as a nurse for patients. It is possible that Allah might bestow martyrdom upon me. He said: Stay at your home. Allah, the Almighty , will bestow martyrdom upon you. | ||
The narrator said: Hence she was called martyr. She read the Qur'an. She sought permission from the Prophet (peace be upon him) to have a mu'adhdhin in her house. He, therefore, permitted her (to do so). | The narrator said: Hence she was called martyr. She read the Qur'an. She sought permission from the Prophet (peace be upon him) to have a mu'adhdhin in her house. He, therefore, permitted her (to do so). | ||