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The early Islamic tradition portrays two distinct phases to the career of the prophet: the Meccan period, characterized by peaceful exhortations to the pagan people of Mecca to abandon their gods and embrace Islam, and the Medinian period, characterized by expanding conflicts with neighboring Jewish tribes and the pagans of Mecca. According to the [[sira]] and many [[hadith]] traditions, during this period Muhammad both ordered and condoned numerous confrontations and assassinations against his enemies in Mecca and Medina. These military operations constitute [[Jihad]], Arabic for struggle, a holy duty incumbent upon all able-bodied Muslim men to engage in armed struggle to expand the reach of Islam. Men who die "on the path of Allah" will be [[Shaheed (Martyr)|shahids]] who will enjoy [[Houri (Heavenly Virgin)|72 Virgins]] in paradise, and those who live and are victorious will enjoy divinely-approved [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Booty|booty]] in this world. The first target of the jihad are the pagans of Mecca and their holy shrine the [[Ka'bah]], however the [[Qur'an]] and many of the sayings of the prophet make clear that jihad is a duty incumbent upon all Muslims until "the religion, all of it, is to Allah" (Qur'an 8:39). Muhammad was the leader of these military campaigns and played the role of supreme commander. He also took part in the battles himself, fighting and even being wounded. Jihad was thus a fundamental part of early Islam according to its own tradition and a central occupation of its prophet.  
The early Islamic tradition delineates two distinct phases to the career of the prophet: the Meccan period, characterized by peaceful exhortations to the pagan people of Mecca to abandon their gods and embrace Islam, and the Medinan period, characterized by expanding conflicts with neighboring Jewish tribes and the pagans of Mecca. According to the [[sira]] and many [[hadith]] traditions, during this period Muhammad both ordered and condoned numerous confrontations and assassinations against his enemies in Mecca and Medina. These military operations constitute [[Jihad]], Arabic for struggle, a holy duty incumbent upon all able-bodied Muslim men to engage in armed struggle to expand the reach of Islam. Men who die "on the path of Allah" will be [[Shaheed (Martyr)|shahids]] who will enjoy [[Houri (Heavenly Virgin)|72 Virgins]] in paradise, and those who live and are victorious will enjoy divinely-approved [[Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Muhammad and Booty|booty]] in this world. In the Quran, fighting is urged upon the believers against the oppressive pagans of Mecca who control the holy shrine the [[Ka'bah]] until "the religion, all of it, is to Allah" ({{Quran|8|39}} - see also {{Quran-range|2|190|194}} with a similar command linked to ending religious oppression). Verses and hadiths on this theme were studied by scholars to determine the circumstances in which Jihad [[Jihad as Obligation (Fard)|is an obligation]] upon believers. Muhammad was the leader of these military campaigns and played the role of supreme commander. He also took part in the battles himself, fighting and even being wounded. Jihad was thus a fundamental part of early Islam according to its own tradition and a central occupation of its prophet.
 
The primary source of information on Islamic history is the Quran itself, which mentions and alludes to a small number of specific battles, as well as containing general commands on the conduct and conditions of fighting. Through this lens and modern historical methods academic scholars have come to regard the biographical/expeditionary literature as unreliable, though with some value when approached cautiously. Modernist Islamic scholars prefer to minimise this material as much as possible. One early source considered to be relatively credible are the letters of 'Urwa b. Zubayr to the late Umayyad court. For further discussion see [[List of expeditions of Muhammad]] and [[Jihad in Islamic Law]].


==Abu Dawud==
==Abu Dawud==
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:A leather band streaming with blood restrains him.}}
:A leather band streaming with blood restrains him.}}


{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=300}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=627}}|Then the apostle went forth to the people and incited them saying, 'By God in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, no man will be slain this day fighting against them with steadfast courage advancing not retreating but God will cause him to enter Paradise' 'Umayr b. aI-Burnam brother
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=300}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 1|page=627}}|Then the apostle went forth to the people and incited them saying, 'By God in whose hand is the soul of Muhammad, no man will be slain this day fighting against them with steadfast courage advancing not retreating but God will cause him to enter Paradise' 'Umayr b. aI-Humam brother of B. Salima was eating some dates which he had in his hand. 'Fine, Fine!' said he, 'is there nothing between me and my entering Paradise save to be killed by these men?' He flung the dates from his hand, seized his sword, and fought against them till he- was slain, [saying the while
of B. Salima was eating some dates which he had in his hand. 'Fine, Fine!' said he, 'is there nothing between me and my entering Paradise save to be killed by these men?' He flung the dates from his hand, seized his sword, and fought against them till he- was slain, [saying the while
:In God's service take no food
:In God's service take no food
:But piety and deeds of good.
:But piety and deeds of good.
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{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=394}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=110-111}}|Then He said: 'Or do you think that you will enter the garden when God does not yet know those of you who are energetic and steadfast?' i.e. Do you think that you will enter the garden and receive the honour of My reward when I have not tested you with hardship and tried you with misfortune so that I may know your loyalty by faith in Me, and steadfastness in what has befallen you through Me? 'And you used to wish' for martyrdom when you were in the way of truth before you met your enemy. He means those who urged the apostle to take them out against their enemy because they had not been present at the battle of Badr before that and longing for the martyrdom which they had escaped there. He said: 'And you used to wish for death before you met it.' He says: 'Now you have seen it with your eyes!' i.e. death by swords in the hands of men with nothing between you and them while you looked on. Then He kept them back from you. 'And Muhammad is nothing but an apostle; apostles have passed away before him. Will it be that if he dies or is killed you will turn back on your heels? He who so turns back will not harm God at all, and God will reward the thankful' in reference to the men saying 'Muhammad has been killed' and their flight thereat and breaking away from their enemy.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=394}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=110-111}}|Then He said: 'Or do you think that you will enter the garden when God does not yet know those of you who are energetic and steadfast?' i.e. Do you think that you will enter the garden and receive the honour of My reward when I have not tested you with hardship and tried you with misfortune so that I may know your loyalty by faith in Me, and steadfastness in what has befallen you through Me? 'And you used to wish' for martyrdom when you were in the way of truth before you met your enemy. He means those who urged the apostle to take them out against their enemy because they had not been present at the battle of Badr before that and longing for the martyrdom which they had escaped there. He said: 'And you used to wish for death before you met it.' He says: 'Now you have seen it with your eyes!' i.e. death by swords in the hands of men with nothing between you and them while you looked on. Then He kept them back from you. 'And Muhammad is nothing but an apostle; apostles have passed away before him. Will it be that if he dies or is killed you will turn back on your heels? He who so turns back will not harm God at all, and God will reward the thankful' in reference to the men saying 'Muhammad has been killed' and their flight thereat and breaking away from their enemy.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:396|I promise to give you victory over your enemy. You routed them with the sword, killing them by My permission. Then you deserted Me and disobeyed My order and disputed about the order of My Prophet. He told the archers to stay put. But after I showed you what you were desiring, the Meccan wives and property, you desired the spoil and abandoned the order to fight. Only those who fought for religion did not transgress in going after the booty. Allah reproached the hypocrites for running away from their Prophet and paying no heed when he called to them.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=396}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=114}}|I carried out My promise to give you victory over your enemy when you routed them with the sword, i.e. killing them by My permission and My giving you power over them and keeping them from you' 'Until you failed,' i.e. deserted and disagreed about the order; i.e. you disputed about My order, i.e. you abandoned the order of your prophet and what he had told you to do, meaning the archers. 'After He had shown you what. You were desiring,' i.e. victory about which there was no doubt and the flight of the (Meccan) army from their wives and property. 'Some of you desired this world,' i.e. those who desired the spoil in this world and abandoned their orders which carried the reward of the hereafter; 'and some of you desired the hereafter" i.e. those who fought for God's sake and did not transgress in going after what they had been forbidden for an accident of this world out of desire for it, hoping for the fine reward that is with God hereafter; i.e. those who fought for religion and did not transgress in going after what they had been forbidden for an accident' of this world. 'To try you' for some of your sins. God pardoned the great sin in that He did not destroy you for having disobeyed your prophet. But I restored My kindness to you. 'And thus God favours the believers.' He punished some sins at once in this world by way of discipline and admonition, but He did not exterminate all for the debt they owed Him because they suffered for disobeying Him, out of mercy to them and as a reward for such faith as they had.<br>
Then He reproached them for running away from. their prophet and paying no heed when he called to them: 'When you climbed up and paid no heed to anyone while the apostle was calling behind you, He rewarded you with grief for grief, that you might not be sad for what you missed and for what befell you,' i.e. grief after grief by the killing of some of your brethren and your enemy getting the better of you, and what you felt when someone said your prophet had been killed.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:398|Ask them for their help. Thereby make the religion of Islam agreeable to them. And when you are resolved in the matter of religion concerning fighting your enemy you will have the advantage.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=398}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=116-117}}|Then He said: 'So forgive them,' i.e. overlook their offence 'and ask pardon' for their sins: the people of faith who did wrong. 'And consult them about the matter', to show them that you listen to them and ask their help, even if you are independent of them, thereby making their religion agreeable to them. 'And when thou art resolved' on a matter which has come from Me and a matter of religion concerning fighting your enemy when only that will bring you and them advantage, then do as you have been ordered despite the opposition of those who oppose you and in agreement with those who agree with you}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:400|One whom I do not suspect told me that he was asked about these verses and he said, ‘We asked Muhammad about them and we were told that when our brethren were slain at Uhud Allah put their spirits in the crops of green birds which come down to the rivers of the Garden and eat of its fruits. They say, "We should like our spirits to return to our bodies and then return to the earth and fight for You until we are killed again.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=400}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=119-120}}|Isma'il b. Umayya told me from Abu'l-Zubayr from Ibn 'Abbas: The apostle said when your brethren were slain at Uhud, 'God has put their spirits in the crops of green birds which come down to the rivers of the Garden; they eat of its fruits and come home to where there are golden candlesticks in the shadow of the throne; and when they experience the goodly drink and food and their beautiful resting-place they say: Would that our brethren knew what God has done with us that they might not dislike fighting and shrink from war!' And God says 'I will tell them of you' so He sent down to His apostle these verses 'And do not think,' &c.<br>
AI-Harith b. al-Fudayl told me from Mahmud b. Labid al-Ansari from Ibn 'Abbas: The martyrs are at Bariq, a river at the gate of the Garden, in
a green tent, their provision from the Garden coming out to them morning and evening.<br>
One whom I do not suspect told me from 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud that he was asked about these verses 'Do not think', &c., and he said, We asked about them and we were told that when your brethren were slain at Uhud God put their spirits in the crops of green birds which come down to the rivers of the Garden and eat of its fruits and come home to where there are golden candlesticks in the shade of the throne and God takes one look at them and says, 'O My servants, what do you wish that I should give you more?' And they say, 'O our Lord, there is nothing beyond the Garden which Thou hast given us from which we eat when we please.' After the question has been put three times they say the same, adding, 'except that we should like our spirits to return to our bodies and then return to the earth and fight for Thee until we are killed again.'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:400|‘If our fellow Muslims knew what Allah has done for us they would not dislike fighting or shrink from war!' And Allah said, ‘I will tell them of you,' so He sent down to His Apostle these verses.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=403}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=129}}|Thus God killed on the day of Uhud 22 polytheists.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:403|Allah killed twenty-two polytheists at Uhud.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=404}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=129-130}}|''Poetry on the Battle of Uhud:''


{{Quote|Ishaq:404|War has distracted me, but blame me not, ‘tis my habit. Struggling with the burdens it imposes, I bear arms bestride my horse at a cavalry’s gallop, running like a wild ass in the desert.}}
Hubayra b. Abu Wahb b. 'Amr b. 'A'idh b. 'Abd b. 'Imran b. Makhzum:
:Why does this painful anxiety afflict me at night?
:My love for Hind beset by cares.
:Hind keeps blaming and reproaching me
:While war has distracted me from her.
:Gently now, blame me not; 'tis my habit
:As you know I have never concealed it.
:I help the B. Ka'b as they demand
:Struggling with the burdens they impose.
:I bore my arms bestride a noble horse
:Long of pace, smooth in gait, keeping up with the cavalry's gallop,
:Running like a wild ass in the desert which
:Pursued by hunters keeps close to the females. [...]}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:400|The Apostle swore that there was no believer who had parted from the world and wanted to return to it for a single hour even if he could possess it with all it has except the martyr who would like to return and fight for Allah and be killed a second time.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=414-415}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=147-148}}|Ka'b b. Malik answered the two of them:
:Tell Quraysh (the best word is the truest and truth is always acceptable to the wise)
:That we killed your best men, the standard-bearers,
:In revenge for our slain, so what is all the talk about?
:And on the day that we met you
:Michael and Gabriel reinforced and helped us.
:If you kill us the true religion is ours
:And to be killed for the truth is to find God's favour.
:If you think that we are fools
:The opinion of those who oppose Islam is misleading.
:Do not wish for more war but stay at home,
:The habitual man of war is blood-stained, never free of care.
:You will get such blows at our hands
:That the hyaenas will rejoice at the lumps of meat.
:We are men of war who get the utmost from it
:And inflict painful punishment on the aggressors. [...]}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:414|If you kill us, the true religion is ours. And to be killed for the truth is to find favor with Allah. If you think that we are fools, know that the opinion of those who oppose Islam is misleading. We are men of war who get the utmost from it. We inflict painful punishment on those who oppose us…. If you insult Allah's Apostle, Allah will slay you. You are a cursed, rude fellow! You utter filth, and then throw it at the clean-robed, godly, and faithful One.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=421}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=161}}|Ka'b b. Malik: [...]
:You have said much in insulting God's apostle.
:God slay you, you cursed rude fellow!
:You utter filth, and then throw it
:At the clean robed godly faithful one.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:434|Amr and an Ansari waited until they were asleep. Then Amr killed them, thinking that he had taken vengeance for the Muslims who had been slain. When he came to the Messenger, he told him what had happened. The Prophet said, ‘You have killed men for whom I shall have to pay blood-money.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=434-435}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=186}}|'Amr got as far as al-Qarqara at the beginning of Qanat when two men of B. 'Amir turned up and stopped with him in the shade. Now there was an agreement of friendship between the apostle and the two 'Amiris of which 'Amr knew nothing, and when after questioning he found that they belonged to B. Amr he, let them alone for a time until they slept when he fell upon them and killed them, thinking that he had taken vengeance on them for the killing of the apostle's companions. But when he came to the apostle and told him what he had done he said, 'You have killed two men whose bloodwit I must pay.' Then the apostle said 'This is (the result of) Abu Bara's act. I did not like this expedition fearing what would happen.' When Abu Bara' heard the news he was much
upset at 'Amir's violation of his guarantee in that the apostle's companions had been killed because of what he had done and because he had promised them safety. Among those who were killed was 'Amir b. Fuhayra.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:440|Helped by the Holy Spirit we smited Muhammad’s foes. The Apostle sent a message to them with a sharp cutting sword.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=439-440}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=195-196}}|Among the verses composed about B. al-Nadir are the following from I. Luqaym al-'Absi. (Others say Qays b. Bahr b. Tarif was the author.) [...]
:You had an example at Badr, O Quraysh,
:And at the crowded cistern
:The morning he attacked you with the Khazrajis,
:Obeying the Great and Honoured One,
:Helped by the Holy Spirit, smiting his foes,
:A true apostle from the Compassionate on high;
:An apostle from the Compassionate reciting His book.
:When the truth shone forth he did not hesitate.
:I see his power mounting on every hand
:In accord with God's decree.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:441|A sharp sword in the hand of a brave man kills his adversary.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=441}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=198}}|Sammak the Jew answered him:
:If you boast, for it is a boast for you
:That you killed Ka'b b. aI-Ashraf
:The day that you compassed his death,
:A man who had shown neither treachery nor bad faith,
:Haply time and the change of fortune
:Will take revenge from 'the just and righteous one'
:For killing al-Nadir and their confederates
:And for cutting down the palms, their dates ungathered.
:Unless I die we will come at you with lances
:And every sharp sword that we have
:In the hand of a brave man who protects himself.
:When he meets his adversary he kills him.
:With the army is Sakhr and his fellows.
:When he attacks he is no weakling
:Like a lion in Tarj protecting his covert,
:Lord of the thicket, crushing his prey, enormous.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:445|The rules of the Prayer of Fear were revealed during this raid [4:102]. The Messenger divided the Companions into two groups; one stood facing the enemy while the other stood behind the Prophet. He magnified Allah by shouting ‘Allahu Akbar.’ Then he and those behind him performed a rak’ah and prostrated themselves.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=445}}
<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=203-204}}|After the attack on B. al-Nadir the apostle stayed in Medina during Rabi'u'l-Akhir and part of Jumada. Then he raided Najd making for B. Muharib and B. Tha'laba of Ghatafan, until he stopped at Nakhl. This was the raid of Dhatu'l-Riqa'. There a large force of Ghatafan was encountered. The two forces approached one another, but no fighting occurred, for each feared the other. The apostle led the prayer of fear; then he went off with the men.<br>
(T. Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr and Muhammad b. 'Abdu'l-Rahman from 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr from Abu Hurayra: We went with the apostle to Najd until at Dhatu'l-Riqa' he met a number of Ghatafan. There was no fighting because the men were afraid of them. The prayer of fear came down and he divided his companions into two sections, one facing the enemy and the other behind the apostle. The apostle cried 'Allah akbar,' and so did they all. Then he bowed with those behind him, and he and they prostrated themselves. Then-he bowed with those behind him, and he and they prostrated themselves. When they stood erect they walked backwards to the ranks of their companions and the others returned and prayed one bow. Then they stood erect and the apostle prayed one bow with them and they sat. Those who were facing the enemy came back and prayed the second bow and all sat and the apostle united them with the salam, and gave them the Muslim greeting.)}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:451|Among us was Allah's Apostle whose command we obey. When he gives an order we do not examine it. The spirit descends on him from his Lord. We tell him about our wishes and our desires which is to obey him in all that he wants. Cast off fear of death and desire it. Be the one who barters his life. Take your swords and trust Allah. With a compact force holding lances and spears we plunged into a sea of men…. and all were made to get their fill of evil. We are men who see no blame in him who kills.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=405-407}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=133-135}}|Ka'b b. Malik also answered Hubayra: [...]
:Among us was God's apostle whose command we obey.
:When he gives an order we do not examine it.
:The spirit' descends on him from his Lord
:Brought down from the midst of heaven and taken up again.
:We consult him on our wishes, and our desire
:Is to obey him in all that he wants.
:The apostle said when they appeared,
:'Cast off the fear of death and desire it,
:Be like one who sells his life
:To draw near to a King by Whom he will be restored to life.
:Take your swords and trust in God
:To Whom belongs the disposal of all things.'
:We made for them openly as they rode their camels
:Bearing swords and unafraid
:In a compact force with lances and spears;
:When our steeds planted their feet they kept them firm.
:Into a sea of foemen we plunged,
:Their blacks in the centre some in armour some unprotected.<br>
[...]<br>
:The battle waged hot between us
:And all were made to get their fill of evil.
:We are men who see no blame in him who kills
:To guard and protect his protegees.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:454|Now that Allah has conferred Islam on us, and made us famous, shall we give them our property? By Allah, we will offer them only the sword until Allah judges between us.' ‘As you wish,' said Allah's Messenger.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=454}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=223}}|Now, after God has honoured and guided us to Islam and made us famous by you, are we to give them our property? We certainly will not. We will give them nothing but the sword until God decide between us.' The apostle said: 'You shall have it so.' Sad took the paper and erased what was written, saying, 'Let them do their worst against us!'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:455|‘I summon you to Allah, to His Messenger, and to Islam.’ Amr replied, ‘I have no use for these.’ So Ali said, ‘Then I summon you to fight.’ Amr replied, ‘Why, son of my brother? By Allah, I do not want to kill you.’ Ali shouted, ‘But I, by Allah, want to kill you.’ Amr jumped from his horse and advanced toward Ali. The two fought until Ali killed Amr. He shouted, ‘Allahu Akbar!}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=455}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=225}}|Now 'Amr b. 'Abdu Wudd had fought at Badr until he was disabled by wounds, and so he had not been at Uhud. At the battle of the Trench he came out wearing a distinguishing mark to show his rank, and when he and his contingent stopped he challenged anyone to fight him. 'Ali accepted the challenge and said to him: "Amr, you swore by God that if any man of Quraysh offered you two alternatives you would accept one of them?' 'Yes, I did,' he said. 'Ali replied, 'Then I invite you to God and His apostle and to Islam.' He said that he had no use for them. 'Ali went on, 'Then I call on you to dismount.' He replied, 'O son of my brother, I do not want to kill you.' 'Ali said, 'But I want to kill you.' This so enraged 'Amr that he got off his horse and hamstrung it and (T. or) beat its face; then he advanced on 'Ali, and they fought, the one circling round the other. 'Ali killed him and their cavalry fled, bursting headlong in flight across the trench.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:456|As he returned to the Apostle smiling with joy [for having killed his uncle] Jumar asked him if he had stripped Amr of his armor. ‘No,’ Ali answered. ‘I saw his private parts and was ashamed.’}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=456}}|The dust rose and the apostle heard the cry, 'Allah Akbar' and knew that 'Ali had killed him [His uncle]. [Suhayli continues:] As he came towards the apostle smiling with joy 'Umar asked him if he had stripped him of his armour, for it was the best that could be found among the Arabs. He answered: 'When I had struck him down he turned his private parts towards me and I felt ashamed to despoil him and moreover he had said that he did not want to shed my blood because my father was a friend of his.'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:464|The Jews were made to come down, and Allah's Messenger imprisoned them. Then the Prophet went out into the marketplace of Medina, and he had trenches dug in it. He sent for the Jewish men and had them beheaded in those trenches. They were brought out to him in batches. They numbered 800 to 900 boys and men.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=464}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=240-241}}|Then they surrendered, and the apostle confined them in Medina in the quarter of d. al-Harith, a woman of B. al-Najjar. Then the apostle went out to the market of Medina (which is still its market today) and dug trenches in it. Then he sent for them and struck off their heads in those trenches as they were brought out to him in batches. Among them was the enemy of Allah Huyayy b. Akhtab and Ka'b b. Asad their chief. There were 600 or 700 in all, though some put the figure as high as 800 or 900. As they were being taken out in batches to the apostle they asked Ka'b what he thought would be done with them. He replied, 'Will you never understand? Don't you see that the summoner never stops and those who are taken do not return? By Allah it is death!' This went on until the apostle made an end of them.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:468|Then Allah said, ‘Some of you have fulfilled your vow to Me by dying; you have finished your work and returned to Me like those who sought martyrdom in prior battles. And some are still waiting to capitalize on Allah's promise of martyrdom. You do not hesitate in your religion and never doubt.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=468}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=249-250}}|Then He said: 'Some of the believers are men who are true to what they covenanted with Allah and some of them have fulfilled their vow in death,' i.e. finished their work and returned to their Lord like those who sought martyrdom at Badr and Uhud.<br>
'And some of them are still waiting,' i.e. for the help which Allah promised them and the martyrdom like that which befell his companions. God said: 'And they have not altered in the least: i.e. they did not doubt nor hesitate in their religion, and did not change it for another. 'That God may reward the true men for their truth and punish the disaffected if He will, or repent towards them. God is forgiving, merciful. And Allah turned back those who disbelieved in their wrath,' i.e. Quraysh and Ghatafan. 'They gained no good. God averted battle from the believers, and Allah is strong, mighty. And He brought down those of the Scripture people who helped them,' i.e. B. Qurayza, 'from their strongholds' the forts and castles in which they were. 'And he cast terror into their hearts; some you slew and some you captured,' i.e. he killed the men and captured the women and children. 'And caused you to inherit their land and their dwellings, and their property, and a land you had not trod,' i.e.
Khaybar. 'For Allah can do all things.'<br>
When the affair of B. Qurayza was disposed of, Sa'd's wound burst open and he died a martyr therefrom.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:469|On the day the Qurayza Jews were slain, one Muslim was martyred. A stone was thrown on him and it inflicted a shattering wound. The Apostle said, ‘He will have the reward of two martyrs.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=469}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=254}}|On the day of Qurayza there were martyred of the Muslims of B. al-Harith b. al-Khazraj: Khallad b. Suwayd b. Tha'laba b. 'Amr. A millstone was thrown on him and inflicted a shattering wound. They allege that the apostle said, 'He will have the reward of two martyrs.'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:470|We attacked them fully armed, swords in hand, cutting through heads and skulls.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=470}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=255}}|Poetry About the Trench and B. Qurayza:<br>
Dirar b. al-Khattab b. Mirdas brother of B. Muharib b. Fihr said about the battle of the Trench: [...]<br>
:Night and morning every day
:We attacked them fully armed;
:Sharp swords in our hands
:Cutting through heads and skulls.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:471|We are steadfast trusting Him. We have a Prophet by whom '''we will conquer all men'''.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=471}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=255-256}}|Ka'b b. Malik brother of B. Salima answered him: [...]<br>
:We have a prophet, a true helper,
:By whom we can conquer all men.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:475|Allah commanded that horses should be kept for His enemy in the fight so they might vex them. We obeyed our Prophet’s orders when he called us to war. When he called for violent efforts we made them. The Prophet’s command is obeyed for he is truly believed. He will give us victory, glory, and a life of ease. Those who call Muhammad a liar disbelieve and go astray. They attacked our religion and would not submit.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=474-475}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=261-263}}|Ka'b b. Malik said about the trench: [...]<br>
:God commanded that the horses should be kept for His enemy in the fight
:(Truly God is the best guarantor of victory)
:That they might vex the enemy and protect the dwellings
:If the horses of the miscreants came near.
:God the mighty helped us with His strength
:And loyal steadfastness on the day of the encounter.
:We obeyed our prophet's orders.
:When he called for war we were the first to respond.
:When he called for violent efforts we made them.
:When we saw the battle we hastened thither.
:He who obeys the prophet's command (let him do so), for among us
:He is obeyed and truly believed.
:By this He will give us victory and show our glory
:And so give us a life of ease.
:Those who call Muhammad a liar
:Disbelieve and go astray from the way of the pious.<br>
Ka'b also said:<br>
:The mixed tribes knew when they gathered together against us
:And attacked our religion that we would not submit.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:485|Muhammad found that the Lihyan had been warned. They had taken secure positions on the mountaintops. After he failed to take them by surprise as he intended, he said, ‘If we go down to Usfan, the Meccans will think we have come to [terrorize] them.’}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=482}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=273-274}}|Muhammad b. Muslim b. Shihab al-Zuhri from Abdullah b. Ka'b b. Malik told me: One of the things which God did for His apostle was that these two tribes of the Ansar, Aus and Khazraj, competed the one with the other like two stallions: if Aus did anything to the apostle's advantage Khazraj would say, 'They shall not have this superiority over us in the apostle's eyes and in Islam' and they would not rest until they could do something similar. If Khazraj did anything Aus would say the same.<br>
When Aus had killed Ka'b for his enmity towards the apostle, Khazraj used these words and asked themselves what man was as hostile to the apostle as Ka'b? And then they remembered Sallam who was in Khaybar and asked and obtained the apostle's permission to kill him.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:482|One of the favors which Allah conferred upon his Prophet was that these two tribes of the Ansar, the Aws and the Khazraj, used to vie with one another like stallions to carry out the will of Muhammad. The Aws did not do anything which benefited him without the Khazraj saying, ‘By Allah they will not gain superiority over us in Islam in the eyes of the Messenger by doing this.' And they would not cease until they had done something similar. Thus when the Aws killed Ka'b Ashraf on account of his hostility to Muhammad, the Khazraj conferred to find a man comparable to Ka'b in hostility and called to mind Sallam Huqayq in Khaybar. They asked the Prophet for permission to kill him, and it was granted.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=483-484}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=276}}|Hassan b. Thabit mentioning the killing of Ka'b and Sallam said:<br>
:God, what a fine band you met,
:O Ibnu'l-Huqayq and Ibnu'l-Ashraf!
:They went to you with sharp swords,
:Brisk as lions in a tangled thicket,
:Until they came on you in your dwelling
:And made you drink death with their swift-slaying swords,
:Looking for the victory of their prophet's religion
:Despising every risk of hurt.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:483|Allah, what a fine band you have, one willing to kill Sallam and Ashraf! We went with sharp swords, like fighting lions. We came upon their homes and made them drink death with our swift-slaying swords. Looking for the victory of our Prophet's religion, we ignored every risk.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=485-486}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=279-281}}|The Attack on B. Lihyan:<br>
The apostle stayed in Medina during Dhu'l-Hijja, Muharram, Safar, and the two months of Rabi', and in Jumada'l-Ula, six months after the conquest of Qurayza, he went out against B. Lihyan to avenge his men killed at al-Raji', Khubayb b. 'Adiy and his companions. He made as though he was going to Syria in order to take the people by surprise. He went past Ghurab, a mountain near Medina on the road to Syria, then by Mahis, then by al-Batra; then he turned off to the left and came out by Bin, then by Sukhayratu'l-Yamam, then the track went by the Meccan highroad. He quickened the pace until he came down to Ghuran, the haunts of B. Lihyan. (Ghuran is a wadi between Amaj and 'Usfan extending as far as a village called Saya.) He found that the people had been warned and taken up strong positions on the tops of mountains. When the apostle got there and saw that he had failed to take them by surprise as he had intended, he said, 'Were we to come down to 'Usfan the Meccans would think that we intend to come to Mecca.' So he went out with two hundred riders until he came to 'Usfan, when he sent two horsemen from his companions who went as far as Kura'u'l-Ghamim. Then he turned and went back.<br>
Jabir b. 'Abdullah used to say, 'I heard the apostle say when he set his face towards Medina "Returning repentant if God will, giving thanks to our Lord. I take refuge in God from the difficulties of the journey and its unhappy ending, and the evil appearance of man and beast."'<br>
The tradition about the raid on B. Lihyan is from 'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada and 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr from 'Abdullah b. Ka'b b. Malik. Ka'b b. Malik said:<br>
:If B. Lihyan had waited
:They would have met bands in their settlements, fine fighters.
:They would have met audacious warriors whose terror fills the way
:In front of an irresistible force glittering like stars.
:But they were as weasels who stick to the
:Clefts of the rocks, which have no means of escape.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:486|If the Lihyan had remained in their homes they would have met bands of fine fighters, audacious warriors who terrorize. They would have confronted an irresistible force glittering like stars. But they were weasels, sticking to the clefts of rocks instead.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=489-490}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=287-288}}|Ka'b b. Malik said concerning the day of Dhu Qarad with reference to the horsemen:<br>
:Do the bastards think that we
:Are not their equals in horsemanship?
:We are men who think killing no shame,
:We turn not from the piercing lances.
:We feed the guest with choicest camels' meat
:And smite the heads of the haughty.
:We turn back the conspicuous warriors in their pride
:With blows that quash the zeal of the unyielding.
:With heroes who protect their standard,
:Noble, generous, fierce as jungle wolves.
:They preserve their honour and their goods
:With swords that smash the heads beneath the helms.
:Ask the Banu Badr if you meet them
:What the brethren did on the day of battle.
:Tell the truth to those you meet whenever you come out.
:Conceal not the news in assemblies.
:Say, We slipped away from the claws of the angry lion
:With rage in his heart which he could not work off.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:489|Do the bastards think that we are not their equal in fighting? We are men who believe there is no shame in killing. We don’t turn from piercing lances. We smite the heads of the haughty with blows that quash the zeal of the unyielding [non-Muslims]. We’re heroes, protecting our war banner. We are a noble force, as fierce as wolves. We preserve our honor and protect our property by smashing heads.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=490}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=289-290}}|The Raid on B. al-Mustaliq:<br>
The apostle stayed in Medina during the latter part of the Jumada'l-Akhira and Rajab; then he attacked B. al-Mustaliq of Khuza'a in Sha'ban A.H. 6.<br>
'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada and 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr and Muhammad b. Yahya b. Habban each told me a part of the following story: The apostle received news that B. Mustaliq were gathering together against him, their leader being al-Harith b. Abu Dirar, the father of Juwayriya d. al-Harith (afterwards) wife of the apostle. When the apostle heard about them he went out and met them at a watering place of theirs called al-Muraysi' in the direction of Qudayd towards the shore. There was a fight and God put the B. al-Mustaliq to flight and killed some of them and gave the apostle their wives, children, and property as booty. A Muslim of B. Kalb b. 'Auf b. 'Amir b. Layth b. Bakr called Hisham b. Subaba was killed by a man of the Ansar of the family of 'Ubada b. al-Samit who thought he was an enemy and killed him in error.|See Also {{Tabari|8|p. 51}}}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:490|When Allah’s Messenger heard about the Mustaliq gathering against him he set out and met them at one of their watering holes near the coast. The people advanced and fought fiercely. Allah caused the Mustaliq to fight and killed some of them. Allah gave the Apostle their children, women, and property as booty.|See Also {{Tabari|8|p. 51}}}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=500}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=309}}|The apostle said: 'Alas, Quraysh, war has devoured them! What harm would they have suffered if they had left me and the rest of the Arabs to go our own ways? If they should kill me that is what they desire, and if God should give me the victory over them they would enter Islam in flocks. If they do not do that they will fight while they have the strength, so what are Quraysh thinking of? By Allah, I will not cease to fight for the mission with which God has entrusted me until He makes it victorious or I perish.'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:500|The Messenger said, ‘Woe to the Quraysh! War has devoured them! What harm would they suffer if they left me to deal with the rest of the Arabs? If the Arabs defeat me, that will be what they want. If Allah makes me prevail over the Arabs, the Quraysh can enter Islam [surrender] en masse. Or they can fight. I shall not cease to fight against them for the mission which Allah has entrusted me until Allah makes me victorious or I perish.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=502}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=313}}|So he came to the apostle and sat before him and said: 'Muhammad, have you collected a mixed people together and then brought them to your own people to destroy them? Quraysh have come out with their milch-camels clad in leopard skins swearing that you shall never enter Mecca by force. By God I think I see you deserted by these people (here) tomorrow.' Now Abu Bakr was sitting behind the apostle and he said, 'Suck al-Lat's nipples [the original Arabic reads ''badhr'', or بظر , which means 'clitoris' and is, for instance, the standard term used in the sanction of FGM in Islamic Law]! Should we desert him?'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:502|Muhammad, you have collected a mixed group of people and brought them to your kin to destroy them. By Allah, I see both prominent people and rabble who are likely to flee, deserting you tomorrow.' Now Abu Bakr who was standing behind the Apostle, said, ‘Go suck the clitoris of Al-Lat!'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=503-504}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=315}}<br>See Also {{Tabari|8|p. 82}}|The Willing Homage:<br>
'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that when the apostle heard that 'Uthman had been killed he said that they would not leave until they fought the enemy, and he summoned the men to give their undertaking. The pledge of al-Ridwan took place under a tree. Men used to say that the apostle took their pledge unto death. Jabir b. 'Abdullah used to say that the apostle did not take their pledge unto death, but rather their undertaking that they would not run away. Not one of the Muslims who were present failed to give his hand except al-Jadd b. Qays, brother of B. Salima. Jabir used to say: 'By Allah, I can almost see him now sticking to his camel's side cringing as he tried to hide himself from the men.' Then the apostle heard that the news about 'Uthman was false}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:503|Allah saw what was in their hearts so he rewarded them with victory and with as much spoil as they could take. Allah promised that they would soon capture a great deal of booty.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=505}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=318-319}}|'Umar jumped up and walked alongside Abu Jandal saying, 'Be patient for they are only polytheists; the
blood of one of them is but the blood of a dog,' and he brought the hilt of his sword close up to him. 'Umar used to say, 'I hoped that he would take the sword and kill his father with it, but the man spared his father and so the matter ended.'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:503|When Muhammad received a report that Uthman had been killed, he said, ‘We will not leave until we fight it out with the enemy.' He summoned the people to swear allegiance. The Prophet's crier announced: People, an oath of allegiance! The Holy Spirit has descended!'|See Also {{Tabari|8|p. 82}}}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=506}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=321}}|Then He said: 'God was pleased with the believers when they swore allegiance to you under the tree and He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down the Sakina' upon them and rewarded them with a recent victory and much spoil which they will take. God is mighty, wise. God has promised you much spoil which you will capture and has given you this in advance, and kept men's hands from you, that it may be a sign to the believers and that He may guide you on an upright path, and other (things) which you have not been able to get. God encompasses them, and God is almighty.'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:503|On the day of Hudaybiyah we swore allegiance to the Messenger while Umar was holding his hand under the acacia tree. It was a pledge unto death.|See Also {{Tabari|8|p. 83}}}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=507-508}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=324}}|Then Abu Basir went off until he halted at al-'Is in the region of Dhu'l-Marwa by the sea-shore on the road which Quraysh were accustomed to take to Syria. The Muslims who were confined in Mecca heard what the apostle had said of Abu Basir so they went out to join him in al-'Is. About seventy men attached themselves to him, and they so harried Quraysh, killing everyone they could get hold of and cutting to pieces every caravan that passed them, that Quraysh wrote to the apostle begging him by the ties of kinship to take these men in, for they had no use for them; so the apostle took them in and they came to him in Medina).|See Also {{Tabari|8|p. 91}}}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:505|Umar jumped up, walking beside Jandal, saying, ‘Be patient. They are only pagans, and the blood of any of them is no more than the blood of a dog!' Umar held the hilt of his sword close to him. He said, ‘I hoped he would take the sword and kill his father with it.' But Jandal was too attached to his father to kill him.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=515-516}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=337}}|The apostle besieged the people of Khaybar in their two forts al-Watih and al-Sulalim until when they could hold out no longer they asked him to let them go, and spare their lives, and he did so. Now the apostle had taken possession of all their property-al-Shaqq, Nata, and al-Katiba and all their forts---except what appertained to these two. When the people of Fadak heard of what had happened they sent to the apostle asking him to let them go and to spare their lives and they would leave him their property, and he did so. The one who acted as intermediary was Muhayyisa b. Mas'ud, brother of B. Haritha. When the people of Khaybar surrendered on these conditions they asked the apostle to  employ them on the property with half share in the produce, saying, 'We know more about it than you and we are better farmers: The apostle agreed to this arrangement on the condition that 'if we wish to expel you we will expel you.' He made a similar arrangement with the men of Fadak. So Khaybar became the prey of the Muslims, while Fadak was the personal property of the apostle because they had not driven horses or camels against it.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:508|Abu Jandal, Suhayl's son, escaped and joined Abu Basir. Nearly seventy Muslim men gathered around them and they harassed the Quraysh. Whenever they heard of a Meccan caravan setting out for Syria, they intercepted it, and killed everyone they could get a hold of. They tore every caravan to pieces and took the goods. The Quraysh, therefore, sent to the Prophet, imploring him for the sake of Allah and the bond of kinship to send word to them.|See Also {{Tabari|8|p. 91}}}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=519}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=345}}|Afterwards he advanced to the fort with the Muslims and was struck by a stone and killed, never having prayed a single prayer. He was brought to the apostle and laid behind him and covered by his shepherd's cloak. The apostle, who was accompanied by a number of his companions, turned towards him and then turned away. When they asked him why, he said, 'He has with him now his two wives from the dark-eyed houris.'<br>
'Abdullah b. Abu Najih, told me that he was told that, when a martyr is slain, his two wives from the dark-eyed houris pet him, wiping the dust from his face, saying the while, 'May God put dust on the face of the man who put dust on your face, and slay him who slew you!'}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:515|Allah's Apostle besieged the final [Jewish] community of Khaybar until they could hold out no longer. Finally, when they were certain that they would perish, they asked Muhammad to banish them and spare their lives, which he did. The Prophet took possession of all their property.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=531}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=371}}|'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr told me that when the apostle entered Mecca on that pilgrimage 'Abdullah b. Rawaha was holding the halter of his camel and saying:<br>
:Get out of his way, you unbelievers, make way.
:Every good thing goes with His apostle.
:O Lord I believe in his word,
:I know God's truth in accepting it.
:We will fight you about its interpretation'
:As we have fought you about its revelation
:With strokes that will remove heads from shoulders
:And make friend unmindful of friend.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:515|When the people of Fadak heard what had happened, they sent word to the Messenger, asking him to banish them and spare their lives, saying they too would leave him their property. When the people of Khaybar surrendered on these conditions, the survivors asked Muhammad to employ them on their farms for a half share of whatever they produced. They said, ‘We know more about farming.' So Muhammad made peace with them for a half share, provided that: ‘If we want to expel you, we may.' He made a similar arrangement with Fadak. So Khaybar became the prey of the Muslims, while Fadak belonged exclusively to the Messenger of Allah, becoming his personal property, because the Muslims had not attacked its people with cavalry.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=538}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=385-386}}|Ka'b b. Malik said:[...]<br>
:'Twas as though between my ribs and bowels
:A burning piercing pain afflicted me,
:Sorrowing for those who one after another
:Were left lying that day in Mu'ta.
:God bless them, the heroes,
:And may plenteous rains refresh their bones!
:They forced themselves for God's sake
:To ignore the fear of death and cowardly failure.
:They went in front of the Muslims
:Like stallion foals, clad in long mail
:When they were led by Ja'far and his flag
:In front of their leader, and what a fine leader.
:Until the ranks were breached and Ja'far
:Where the ranks were trapped lay prostrate.
:The moon lost its radiance at his death,
:The sun eclipsed and wellnigh dark.
:A chief of high lineage from Hashim,
:In lofty eminence and authority immovable,
:A people by whom God protected His servants,
:To them was sent down the revealed book.
:They excelled other tribes in glory and honour
:And their enlightened minds covered up the ignorance of others.
:They would not embark on a vicious enterprise,
:You could see their speaker deciding justly.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:518|Masud was one of those who found martyrdom at Khaybar. Muhammad said, ‘He has with him now his two dark-eyed virgins. When a martyr is slain, his two virgins pet him, wiping the dust from his face. They say, "May Allah throw dust on the face of the man who did this to you, and slay him who slew you!"}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=543-544}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=395-397}}|The apostle said, 'I think you will see Abu Sufyan coming to strengthen the agreement [a peace treaty] and to ask for more time.' [...] Having arrived at Medina he went in to his daughter Umm Habiba [one of Muhammad's wives], and as he went to sit on the apostle's carpet she folded it up so that he could not sit on it. 'My dear daughter,' he said, '! hardly know if you think that the carpet is too good for me or that I am too good for the carpet!' She replied: 'It is the apostle's carpet and you are an unclean polytheist. I do not want you to sit on the apostle's carpet.' 'By God,' he said, 'since you left me you have gone to the bad.' Then he went to the apostle, who would not speak to him; he then went to Abu Bakr and asked him to speak to the apostle for him; he refused to do so. Then he went to 'Umar who said, 'Should I intercede for you with the apostle! If I had only an ant I would fight you with it.' Then he went in to see 'Ali with whom was Fatima the apostle's daughter who had with her 'Ali's little son Hasan crawling in front of her. He appealed to 'Ali on the ground of their close relationship to intercede with the apostle so that he would not have to return disappointed; but he answered that if the apostle had determined on a thing it was useless for anyone to talk to him about it; so he turned to Fatima and said, 'O daughter of Muhammad, will you let your little son here act as a protector between men so that he may become lord of the Arabs for ever?' She replied that her little boy was not old enough to undertake such a task and in any case none could give protection 'against God's apostle. He then asked for 'Ali's advice in the desperate situation. He said, I I do not see anything that can really help you, but you are the chief of B. Kinana, so get up and grant protection between men and then go back home.' When he asked if he thought that that would do any good he replied that he did not, but that he could see nothing else. Thereupon Abu Sufyan got up in the mosque and said, 'O men, I grant protection between men.' He then mounted his camel and rode off to Quraysh who asked for his news. He said that Muhammad would not speak to him, that he got no good from Abu Quhafa's son, and that he found 'Umar an implacable enemy. He had found 'Ali the most helpful and he had done what he recommended, though he did not know whether it would do any good. He told them what he had done and when they asked whether Muhammad had endorsed his words, he had to admit that he had not. They complained that 'Ali had made a fool of him and that his pronouncement was valueless, and he said that he could find nothing else to do or say.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:530|Get out of his way, you infidel unbelievers. Every good thing goes with the Apostle. Lord, I believe in his word. We will fight you about its interpretations as we have fought you about its revelation with strokes that will remove heads from shoulders and make enemies of friends.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=544-545}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=397-398}}|The apostle ordered preparations to be made for a foray and Abu Bakr came in to see his daughter 'A'sha as she was moving some of the apostle's equipment. He asked if the apostle had ordered her to get things ready, and she said that he had, and that her father had better get ready also. She told him that she did not know where the troops were going. Later the apostle informed the men that he was going to Mecca and ordered them to make careful preparations. He said, 'O God, take eyes and ears from Quraysh so that we may take them by surprise in their land,' and the men got themselves ready.<br>
Hassan b. Thabit, inciting the men and mentioning the killing of the men of Khuza'a, said:
:It pained me though I did not see in Mecca's valley
:The men of Banu Ka'b with their heads cut off
:By men who had not drawn their swords
:And the many dead who were left unburied.
:Would that I knew if my help with its biting satire
:Would injure Suhayl b. 'Amr, and Safwan
:That old camel who groans from his arse.
:This is the time for war--its girths are tightened.
:Don't feel safe from us, son of Umm Mujalid,
:When its pure milk is extracted and its teeth are crooked.
:Don't be disappointed, for our swords
:Will open the door to death.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:538|Allah bless the martyrs lying dead at Mu'ta. Refresh their bones for they fought for Allah's sake like good Muslims, stallions clad in mail. We are a people protected by Allah to whom he has revealed His Book, excelling in glory and honor. Our enlightened minds cover up the ignorance of others. They would not embark on such a vicious enterprise.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=548}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=404}}|The squadrons passed him with their standards, and he asked who they were. When I said Sulaym he would say, 'What have I to do with Sulaym?' and so with Muzayna until all had passed, he asking the same question and making the same response to the reply. Finally the apostle passed with his greenish-black squadron in which were Muhajirs and Ansar whose eyes alone were visible because of their armour. He said, 'Good heavens, 'Abbas, who are these I' and when I told him he said that none could withstand them. 'By God, O Abu Fadl, the authority of your brother's son has become great.' I told him that it was due to his prophetic office, and he said that in the case he had nothing to say against it.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:543|Abu Sufyan went to Muhammad in Medina to affirm the peace treaty, but Muhammad refused to speak to him.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=550}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=408-409}}|Salama b. al-Mayla', one of Khalid's horsemen, was killed, and the polytheists lost about 12 or 13 men; then they took to flight. Himas ran off and went into his house and told his wife to bolt the door. When she asked what had become of his former words he said:
:If you had witnessed the battle of Khandama
:When Safwan and 'Ikrima fled
:And Abu Yazid was standing like a pillar
:And the Muslims met them with their swords
:Which cut through arms and skulls,
:Only confused cries being heard
:Behind us their cries and groans,
:You would not have uttered the least word of blame}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:544|Hassan incited the men, reciting: ‘This is the time for war. Don’t feel safe from us. Our swords will open the door to death.’}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=550-551}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=409-411}}|The apostle had instructed his commanders when they entered Mecca only to fight those who resisted them, except a small number who were to be killed even if they were found beneath the curtains of the Ka'ba. Among them was 'Abdullah b. Sa'd, brother of the B. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy. The reason he ordered him to be killed was that he had been a Muslim and used to write down revelation; then he apostatized and returned to Quraysh and fled to 'Uthman b. 'Affan whose foster-brother he was; The latter hid him until he brought him to the apostle after the situation in Mecca was tranquil, and asked that he might be granted immunity. They allege that the apostle remained silent for a long time till finally he said yes. When Uthman had left he said to his companions who were sitting around him, 'I kept silent so that one of you might get up and strike off his head!' One of the Ansar said, 'Then why didn't you give me a sign, a apostle of God I' He answered that a prophet does not kill by pointing.<br>
Another was 'Abdullah b. Khatal of B. Taym b. Ghalib. He had become a Muslim and the apostle sent him to collect the poor tax in company with one of the Ansar. He had with him a freed slave who served him. (He was a Muslim.) When they halted he ordered the latter to kill a goat for him and prepare some food, and went to sleep. When he woke up the man had done nothing, so he attacked and killed him and apostatized. He had two singing-girls Fartana and her friend who used to sing satirical songs about the apostle, so he ordered that they should be killed with him.<br>
Another was al-Huwayrith b. Nuqaydh b. Wahb b. 'Abd b. Qusayy, one of those who used to insult him in Mecca.<br>
Another was Miqyas b. Hubaba because he had killed an Ansarl who had killed his brother accidentally, and returned to Quraysh as a polytheist. And Sara, freed slave of one of the B. 'Abdu'l-Muttalib; and 'Ikrima b. Abu Jahl. Sara had insulted him in Mecca. As for 'Ikrima, he fled to the Yaman. His wife Umm Hakim d. al-Harith b. Hisham became a Muslim and asked immunity for him and the apostle gave it. She went to the Yaman in search of him and brought him to the apostle and he accepted Islam. (T. 'Ikrima used to relate, according to what they say, that what turned him to Islam when he had gone to the Yaman was that he had determined to cross the sea to Abyssinia and when he found a ship the master said, 'O servant of God, you cannot travel in my ship until you acknowledge that God is one and disavow any rival to Him, for I fear that if you do not do so we should perish.' When I asked if none but such persons was allowed to travel in his ship he replied, 'Yes, and he must be sincere.' So I thought: Why should I leave Muhammad when this is what he has brought us? Truly our God on the sea is our God on the dry land. Thereupon I recognized Islam and it entered into my heart.) 'Abdullah b. Khatal was killed by Said b. Hurayth al-Makhzumi and Abu Barza al-Aslami acting together. Miqyas was killed by Numayla b. 'Abdullah, one of his own people. Miqyas's sister said of his killing:
:By my life, NumayIa shamed his people
:And distressed the winter guests when he slew Miqyas.
:Whoever has seen a man like Miqyas
:Who provided food for young mothers in hard times.<br>
As for Ibn Khatal's two singing-girls, one was killed and the other ran away until the apostle, asked for immunity, gave it her. Similarly Sara,
who lived until in the time of 'Umar a mounted soldier trod her down in the valley of Mecca and killed her. AI-Huwayrith was killed by 'Ali.<br>
Sa'id b. Abu Hind from Abu Murra, freed slave of 'Aqil b. Abu Talib, told me that Umm Hani' d. Abu Talib said: When the apostle halted in the upper part of Mecca two of my brothers-in-law from B. Makhzum fled to me. (She was the wife of Hubayra b. Abu Wahb al-Makhzumi) 'Ali came in swearing that he would kill them, so I bolted the door of my house on them and went to the apostle and found him washing in a large bowl in which was the remains of dough while his daughter Fatima was screening him with his garment.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:544|Muhammad commanded the people to prepare for the foray [raid, incursion, sortie, attack, or assault]. The Messenger informed his troops that he was going to Mecca. He ordered them to prepare themselves and ready their equipment quickly. He said, ‘O Allah, keep spies and news from the Quraysh until we take them by surprise in their land.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=552}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=411-412}}|Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr from 'Ubaydullah b. 'Abdullah b. Abu Thaur from Safiya d. Shayba told me that the apostle after arriving in Mecca when the populace had settled down went to the temple and encompassed it seven times on his camel touching the black stone with a stick which he had in his hand. This done he summoned 'Uthman b. Talha and took the key of the Ka'ba from him, and when the door was opened for him he went in. There he found a dove made of wood. He broke it in his hands and threw it away. Then he stood by the door of the Ka'ba while the men in the mosque gathered to him.<br>
[I.I. from 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr from 'Ali b. 'Abdullah b. 'Abbas: The apostle entered Mecca on the day of the conquest and it contained 360
idols which Iblis' had strengthened with lead. The apostle was standing by them with a stick in his hand, saying, 'The truth has come and falsehood has passed away; verily falsehood is sure to pass away' (Sura 7. 82). Then he pointed at them with his stick and they collapsed on their backs one after the other.<br>
When the apostle prayed the noon prayer on the day of the conquest he ordered that all the idols which were round the Ka'ba should be collected and burned with fire and broken up. Fadala b. al-Mulawwih al-Laythi said commemorating the day of the conquest:
:Had you seen Muhammad and his troops
:The day the idols were smashed when he entered,
:You would have seen God's light become manifest
:And darkness covering the face of idolatry.<br>
I.I. from Hakim b. 'Abbad b. Hanif and other traditionists: Quraysh had put pictures in the Ka'ba including two of Jesus son of Mary and Mary (on both of whom be peace!). I. Shihab said: Asma' d. Shaqr said that a woman of Ghassan joined in the pilgrimage of the Arabs and when she saw the picture of Mary in the Ka'ba she said, 'My father and my mother be your ransom! You are surely an Arab woman!' The apostle ordered that the pictures should be erased except those of Jesus and Mary. 3]}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:548|The squadrons of the Messenger, composed of Emigrants and Ansar in iron armor with only their eyes visible, passed by. His company had become great. Woe to you, none can withstand him. It was all due to his prophetic office.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=558-559}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=421-423}}|Among the poems about the conquest is the following from Hassan b. Thabit: [...]<br>
:Gabriel, God's messenger, is with us and
:The holy spirit has no equal.
:God said, 'I have sent a man
:Who speaks the truth if you will profit by experience.
:I bear witness to him, so arise confess him truthful.'
:But you said, 'We will not and we do not wish to.'
:And God said, 'I have sent an army,
:The Ansar accustomed to the fray.'
:Every day we get from Ma'add
:Cursing, battle, or lampooning.
:We will repulse with verses those who lampoon us
:And smite them when war breaks out.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:550|The Muslims met them with their swords. They cut through many arms and skulls. Only confused cries and groans could be heard over our battle roars and snarling.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=560-561}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=425-426}}|Bujayr b. Zuhayr b. Abu Sulma said concerning the day of the conquest:
:Muzayna and the Banu Khufaf that day
:Expelled the people of al-Haballaq' from every ravine.
:We smote them with our sharp swords
:The day the good prophet entered Mecca.
:We came on them with seven hundred from Sulaym
:And a full thousand from Banu 'Uthman.
:We smote their shoulders with cut and thrust
:And shot them with our feathered shafts.
:You could hear among the ranks their whisper
:As if the notched end were split from its binding.
:We went with lances straight levelled
:While our horses wheeled among them.
:We came back plundering as we would
:While they went back discomfited.
:We pledged our faith to the apostle
:In sincere friendship.
:They heard what we said and determined
:To depart from us that day of fear.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:551|Another victim was Huwayrith. He used to insult Muhammad in Mecca. Huwayrith was put to death by Ali. The Messenger ordered Miqyas' assassination only because he had killed an Ansar who had killed his brother by mistake and then became a renegade by rejecting Islam.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=561}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=428}}|Khalid's Expedition After the Conquest to The B. Jadhima of Kinana and 'Ali's Expedition to Repair Khalid's Error:<br>
The apostle sent out troops in the district round Mecca inviting men to God: he did not order them to fight. Among those he sent was Khalid b. al-Walid whom he ordered to go to the lower part of the flat country as a missionary; he did not send him to fight. He subdued the B. Jadhima and killed some of them.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:552|When the populace settled down, Muhammad went to the Ka'aba and compassed it seven times on his camel, touching the Black Stone with a stick. Then he went inside the Temple. There he found a dove made of wood. He broke it in his hands and threw it away."}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=564}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=434-435}}|One of the B. Jadhima said:
:God requite Mudlij for the evil they did us
:Wherever they go or rest.
:They took our goods and divided them;
:The spears came at us not once nor twice.
:Were it not for the religion of Muhammad's people
:Their cavalry would have fled and been driven off.
:What hindered them from helping a squadron
:Like a swarm of locusts loose and scattered abroad?
:If they repent or return to their (right) way,
:We will not repay them for what the squadron lost.<br>
Wahb of the B. Layth answered him:
:We called 'Amir to Islam and the truth.
:It is not our fault if 'Amir turned their backs.
:What happened to 'Amir, confound them, is not our fault
:Because their minds were foolish and went astray.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:558|Allah said, I have sent an army. Every day they curse, battle and lampoon.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=570}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=446}}|The apostle turned to Abu Sufyan who was one of those who stood firm with the apostle that day and was an excellent Muslim when he accepted the faith, as he was holding on to the back of the saddle of his mule and asked who it was. He replied, 'I am your mother's son, O apostle of God."}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:560|We expelled the people and smote them with our swords the day the good Prophet entered Mecca. We pierced their bodies with cuts and thrusts. And we shot them with our feathered shafts. Our ranks went in with lances leveled. We came to plunder as we said we would. We pledged our faith to the Apostle on this day of fear.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=572-574}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=450-452}}|'Abbas b. Mirdas al-Sulami, mentioning Qarib b. al-Aswad and his flight from his father's sons, and Dhu'l-Khimar and his shutting up his
people to death, said:
:Who will tell Ghaylan and 'Urwa from me
:(I think one who knows will come to him).
:I send to tell you something
:Which is different from what you say which will go round
:That Muhammad is a man, an apostle to my Lord
:Who errs not, neither does he sin.
:We have found him a prophet like Moses,
:Any who would rival him in goodness must fail.
:Evil was the state of the B. Qasiy in Wajj
:When each one's affairs were decreed.
:They lost the day (and every people has a ruler
:And fortunes change).
:We came on them like lions of the thickets,
:The armies of God came openly.
:We came at the main body of B. Qasiy
:Almost flying at them in our rage.
:Had they stayed I swear we would have come at them
:With armies and they would not have got away.
:We were as lions of Liya there until we destroyed them
:And al-Nusur were forced to surrender.
:There was a day before that day at Hunayn which is past
:And blood then flowed freely.
:In former days there was no battle like this;
:Men of long memories have never heard of such.
:We slew B. Hutayt in the dust by their flags
:While the cavalry turned away.
:Dhu'l-Khimar was not the chief of a people
:Who possessed intelligence to blame or disapprove.
:He led them on the road to death
:As everyone could see.
:Those who escaped were choked with terror,
:A multitude of them were slain.
:The languid man could not help in such a case
:Nor he who was too shy and hesitant to attack.
:He destroyed them and he perished himself.
:They had given him the leadership and the leaders fled.
:Banu 'Auf's horses went at a fair pace
:Fed on fresh grass and barley.
:But for Qarib and his father's sons
:The fields and castles would have been divided,
:But they attained prominence
:By the lucky advice they were given.
:They obeyed Qarib and they had good fortune
:And good sense that brought them glory.
:If they are guided to Islam they will be found
:Leaders of men while time lasts.
:If they do not accept it they call
:For God's war in which they will have no helper.
:As war destroyed the B. Sa'd
:And fate the clan of B. Ghaziya.
:The B. Mu'awiya b. Bakr
:Were like a flock of sleep coming bleating to Islam.
:We said, 'Be Muslims; we are your brethren,
:For our breasts arc free from enmity.'
:When the people came to us they seemed
:Blind to hatred after peace had come.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:561|The Apostle sent out troops to the territories surrounding Mecca inviting men to Allah. Among those he sent was Khalid. He was ordered to go as a missionary. Khalid subdued the Jadimah and killed some of them.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=574-575}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=453-454}}|'Amra d. Durayd said of Rabi'a's killing him:
:l' faith I did not fear the army of fate
:On Durayd's account in the valley of Sumayra.
:God repay the B. Sulaym for him
:And may ingratitude rend them for what they have done.
:May He give us the blood of their best men to drink
:When we lead an army against them.
:Many a calamity did you avert from them
:When they were at the point of death.
:Many a noble woman of theirs did you free
:And others you loosed from bonds.
:Many a man of Sulaym named you noble
:As he died when you had answered his call.
:Our reward from them is ingratitude and grief
:Which melts our very bones.
:May the traces of your cavalry after hard travel
:In Dhu Baqar as far as the desert of al-Nuhaq be effaced!}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:564|One of the Banu Jadimah said, ‘God take reprisals on the Muslims for the evil they did to us. They stole our goods and divided them. Their spears came at us not once but twice. Their squadrons came upon us like a swarm of locusts. Were it not for the religion of Muhammad, their cavalry would never have attacked.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=576}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=458}}|One of B. Sad b. Bakr told me that the apostle said that day, 'If you get hold of Bijad, a man of B. Sad b. Bakr, don't let him escape you,' for he had done great wrong. When the Muslims took him they led him away with his family and with him (T. his sister) al-Shayma' d. al-Harith (T. b.
Abdullah) b. Abdu'I-'Uzza, foster-sister of the apostle. They treated her roughly as they brought her along and she told the Muslims that she was the foster-sister of the apostle, but they did not believe her until they had brought her to the apostle.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:570|The Messenger turned to Abu Sufyan, who stood fast fighting that day. He had become an excellent Muslim after embracing Islam.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=577-578}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=461}}|'Abbas b. Mirdas also said:
:O Seal of the Prophets, you are sent with the truth
:With all guidance for the way.
:God has built up love upon you
:In His creation and named you Muhammad.
:Then those who were faithful to your agreement with them,
:An army over whom you set al-Dahhak,
:A man with sharp weapons as though
:When the enemy surrounded him he saw you.
:He attacked those of (his) kith and kin
:Seeking only to please God and you.
:I tell you I saw him charging in clouds of dust
:Crushing the heads of the polytheists;
:Now throttling with bare hands,
:Now splitting their skulls with his sharp sword.
:The B. Sulaym hastened before him
:With continual cuts and thrusts at the enemy.
:They walked beneath his banner there
:Like lions with a haunt they mean to defend.
:They did not hope for consideration of kinship
:But obedience to their Lord and your love.
:These were our doings for which we are renowned.
:And our Helper is your Lord.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:572|Muhammad is the man, an Apostle of my Lord. Evil was the state of our enemy so they lost the day. Fortunes change and we came upon them like lions from the thickets. The armies of Allah came openly, flying at them in rage, so they could not get away. We destroyed them and forced them to surrender. In the former days there was no battle like this; their blood flowed freely. We slew them and left them in the dust. Those who escaped were choked with terror. A multitude of them were slain. This is Allah’s war in which those who do not accept Islam will have no helper. War destroyed the tribe and fate the clan.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=577-581}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=465-466}}|'Abbas b. Mirdas also said: [...]
:With strong warriors of Sulaym
:Who obey his orders to the letter,
:Khufaf and Dhakwan and 'Auf whom you would think
:Were black stallions walking among the she-camels
:As though our reddish-white mail and helmets'
:Clothed long-eared lions which meet one another in their lairs.
:By us God's religion is undeniably strong.
:We added a like number to the clan that was with him.
:When we came to Mecca, our banner
:Was like an eagle soaring to dart on its prey
:(Riding) on horses which gazed upwards.
:You would think when they gallop in their bits there is a sound of jinn among them,
:The day we trod down the unbelievers
:And found no deviation or turning from the apostle's order.
:In a battle mid which the people heard only
:Our exhortations to fight and the smashing of skulls
:By swords that sent heads flying from their base
:And severed the necks of warriors at a blow.
:Often have we left the slain cut to pieces
:And a widow crying Alas! over her husband.
:'Tis God not man we seek to please;
:To Him belongs the seen and the unseen.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:574|In faith I do not fear the army of fate. He gave us the blood of their best men to drink when we led our army against them. We are a great army with a pungent smell. And we attack continuously, wherever our enemy is found.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=577-583}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=468-467}}|'Abbas b. Mirdas also said: [...]
:We helped God's apostle, angry on his account,
:With a thousand warriors apart from unarmed men,
:We carried his flag on the end of our lances,
:His helper protecting it in deadly combat.
:We dyed it with blood, for that was its colour,
:The day of Hunayn when Safwan thrust with his spear.
:We were his right wing in Islam,
:We had charge of the flag and displayed it
:We were his bodyguard before other troops,
:He consulted us and we consulted him.
:He summoned us and named us intimates first of all
:And we helped him against his opponents.
:God richly reward that fine prophet Muhammad
:And strengthen him with victory, for God is his helper!}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:576|Allah's Apostle said, ‘If you get hold of Bijad, don't let him escape for he has done something evil.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=577-584}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=470}}|'Abbas b. Mirdas also said:
:Since you have made Khalid chief of the army
:And promoted him he has become a chief indeed
:In an army guided by God whose commander you are
:By which you smite the wicked with every right.
:I swore a true oath to Muhammad
:And I fulfilled it with a thousand bridled horses.
:The prophet of the believers said, Advance!
:And we rejoiced that we were the vanguard.
:We passed the night at the pool of Mustadir;
:There was no fear in us but desire and preparedness (for war).
:We obeyed you till all the enemy surrendered
:And until in the morning we overtook the crowd, the people of Yalamlam.
:The piebald steed with reddish barrel went astray'
:And the chief was not content till it was marked.
:We attacked them like a flock of grouse the morning affrights.
:Everyone was too concerned to see to his fellow,
:From morn till eve till we left Hunayn
:With its watercourses streaming with blood.
:Wherever you looked you could see a fine mare
:And its rider lying beside a broken lance.
:Hawazin had recovered their herds from us
:And it pleased them that we should be disappointed and deprived (of them).}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:578|Crushing the heads of the infidels and splitting their skulls with sharp swords, we continually thrust and cut at the enemy. Blood gushed from their deep wounds as the battle wore them down. We conquered bearing the Prophet’s fluttering war banner. Our cavalry was submerged in rising dust, and our spears quivered, but by us the Prophet gained victory.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=586}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=476}}|Abu Thawab Zayd b. Suhar, one of B. Sad b. Bakr, said:
:Have you not heard that Quraysh conquered Hawazin
:(Misfortunes have their causes).
:There was a time, Quraysh, when if we were angry
:Red blood flowed because of our rage.
:There was a time, Quraysh, when if we were angry
:It seemed as though snuff were in our nostrils.
:And now Quraysh drive us
:Like camels urged on by peasants.
:I am not in a position to refuse humiliation
:Nor am I disposed to give in to them.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:580|We helped Allah’s Apostle, angry on his account, with a thousand warriors. We carried his flag on the end of our lances. We were his helpers, protecting his banner in deadly combat. We dyed it with blood, for that was its color. We were the Prophet’s right arm in Islam. We were his bodyguards before other troops served him. We helped him against his opponents. Allah richly rewarded that fine Prophet Muhammad.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=587-588}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=478-480}}|Ka'b b. Malik when the apostle came to this decision said:
:We put an end to doubt in the lowlands and Khaybar,
:Then we gave our swords a rest.
:We gave them the choice and could they have spoken
:Their blades would have said, Give us Daus or Thaqif.
:May I be motherless if you do not see
:Thousands of us in your courts.
:We will tear off the roofs in the valley of Wajj
:And we will make your houses desolate.
:Our swiftest cavalry will come on you
:Leaving behind a tangled mass.
:When they come down on your courts
:You will hear a cry of alarm
:With sharp cutting swords in their hands like flashes of lightning
:By which they bring death to those who would fight them
:Tempered by Indian smiths--not beaten into plates.
:You would think that the flowing blood of the warriors
:Was mingled with saffron the morn the forces met.
:Good God, had they no adviser
:From the peoples who knew about us
:To tell them that we had gathered
:The finest blood horses and that we had brought an army
:To surround the walls of their fort with troops?
:Our leader the prophet, firm,
:Pure of heart, steadfast, continent,
:Straight forward, full of wisdom, knowledge, and clemency;
:Not frivolous nor light minded.
:We obey our prophet and we obey a Lord
:Who is the Compassionate, most kind to us.
:If you offer peace we will accept it
:And make you partners in peace and war.
:If you refuse we will fight you doggedly,
:'Twill be no weak faltering affair.
:We shall fight as long as we live
:Till you turn to Islam, humbly seeking refuge.
:We will fight not caring whom we meet
:Whether we destroy ancient holdings or newly gotten gains.
:How many tribes assembled against us
:Their finest stock and allies!
:They came at us thinking they had no equal
:And we cut off their noses and ears
:With our fine polished Indian swords,
:Driving them violently before us
:To the command of God and Islam,
:Until religion is established, just and straight, and
:Al-Lat and al-'Uzza and Wudd are forgotten
:And We plunder them of their necklaces and earrings.
:For they had become established and confident,
:And he who cannot protect himself must suffer disgrace.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:580|Our strong warriors obey his orders to the letter. By us Allah's religion is undeniably strong. You would think when our horses gallop with bits in their mouths that the sounds of demons are among them.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=597}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=501}}|When the apostle arrived (at Medina) after his departure from aI-Ta'if  Bujayr b. Zuhayr b. Abu Sulma wrote to his brother Ka'b telling him 'that the apostle had killed some of the men in Mecca who had satirized and insulted him and that the Quraysh poets who were left-Ibn aI-Ziba'ra and Hubayra b. Abu Wahb--had fled in all directions. 'If you have any use for your life then come quickly to the apostle, for he does not kill anyone who comes to him in repentance. If you do not do that, then get to some safe place.' }}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=601-602}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=514-515}}|After he had become a Muslim he spoke in praise of the Ansar and mentioned their trials with the apostle and their position among the Yaman tribes:
:He who loves a glorious life
:Let him ever be with the horsemen of the righteous Ansar
:Who transmit glorious deeds from father to son.
:The best men are they, sons of the best men
:Who launch with their arms spears
:Like long Indian swords,
:Who peer forward unweariedly
:With eyes red as burning coals.
:Who devote their lives to their prophet
:On the day of hand-to-hand fighting and cavalry attacks.
:They purify themselves with the blood of infidels;
:They consider that an act of piety.
:Their habit is that of thick-necked lions
:Accustomed to hunt in a valleyed thicket.
:If you come to them for protection
:You are as it were in the inaccessible haunts of mountain goats.
:They smote 'Ali such a blow on the day of Badr
:As brought the downfall of all Nizar.
:If people knew all that I know about them
:Those that dispute with me would recognize the truth of what I say.
:They are a people who richly feed the night-travellers,
:Who arrive in a time of dearth.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:583|Since you have made Khalid chief of the army and promoted him, he has become a chief indeed, leading an army guided by Allah. Firmly clad in mail, warriors with lances leveled, we are a strong force not unlike a rushing torrent. We smite the wicked while we swear an oath to Muhammad…fighting in the quest of booty.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=602}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=515-516}}|The Raid on Tabuk, A.H. 9<br>
The apostle ordered his companions to prepare to raid the Byzantines at a time when men were hard pressed; the heat was oppressive and there was a drought; fruit was ripe (To and shade was eagerly sought) and the men wanted to stay in the shade with their fruit and disliked travelling at that season.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:586|Red blood flowed because of our rage.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=607-608}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=526}}|Then the apostle summoned Khalid b. al-Walid and sent him to Ukaydir at Duma. Ukaydir b. 'Abdu'l-Malik was a man of Kinda who was ruler of Duma; he was a Christian. The apostle told Khalid that he would find him hunting wild cows. Khalid went off until he came within sight of his fort. It was a summer night with a bright moon and Ukaydir was on the roof with his wife. The cows were rubbing their horns against the gate of the fort all the night. His wife asked him if he had ever known anything of the kind in the past, and urged him to go after them. He called for his horse, and when it was saddled he rode off with a number of his family, among them a brother called Hassan. As they were riding the apostle's cavalry fell in with them and seized him and killed his brother. Ukaydir was wearing a gown of brocade covered with gold. Khalid stripped him of this and sent it to the apostle before he brought him to him.<br>
'Asim b. 'Umar b. Qatada from Anas b. Malik said: I saw Ukaydir's gown when it was brought to the apostle. The Muslims were feeling it and admiring it, and the apostle said, 'Do you admire this? By Him in whose hand is my life the napkins of Sad b. Mu'adh in Paradise are better
than this.'<br>
Then Khalid brought Ukaydir to the apostle who spared his life and made peace with him on condition that he paid the poll tax. Then he released him and he returned to his town.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:587|Ka’b reacted to the Apostle’s decision. He said, ‘We put an end to doubt at Khaybar. If our swords could have spoken, their blades would have said, “Give us Daus or Thaqif. We will tear off the roofs in Wajj. We will make homes desolate. Our cavalry will come upon you leaving behind a tangled mass. When we assault a town they sound a cry of alarm but our sharp cutting swords flash like lightning. By them we bring death to those who struggle against us. Flowing blood was mingled with saffron the morn the forces met. They were taken by surprise and we surrounded their walls with our troops. Our leader, the Prophet, was firm, steadfast, and full of wisdom. He was not frivolous nor light minded. We obey our Prophet and we obey a Lord who is Compassionate [Ar-Rahman]. We make you partners in peace and war. If you refuse we will fight you doggedly.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|pages=675-676}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=636-637}}|'Umayr B. 'Adiy's Journey to Kill 'Asma' D. Marwan:<br>
She was of B. Umayya b. Zayd. When Abu 'Afak had been killed she displayed disaffection. 'Abdullah b. al-Harith b. al-Fudayl from his father said that she was married to a man of B. Khatma called Yazid b. Zayd. Blaming Islam and its followers she said:<br>
:I despise B. Malik and al-Nabit
:And 'Auf and B. al-Khazraj
:You obey a stranger who is none of yours,
:One not of Murad or Madhhij.
:Do you expect good from him after the killing of your chiefs
:Like a hungry man waiting for a cook's broth?
:Is there no man of pride who would attack him by surprise
:And cut off the hopes of those who expect aught from him?<br>
Hassan b. Thabit answered her:
:Banu Wa'il and B. Waqif and Khatma
:Are inferior to B. al-Khazraj.
:When she called for folly woe to her in her weeping,
:For death is coming.
:She stirred up a man of glorious origin,
:Noble in his going out and his coming in.
:Before midnight he dyed her in her blood
:And incurred no guilt thereby.<br>
When the apostle heard what she had said he said, 'Who will rid me of Marwan's daughter l' 'Umayr b. 'Adiy al-Khalmi who was with him heard him, and that very night he went to her house and killed her. In the morning he came to the apostle and told him what he had done and he said, 'You have helped God and His apostle, a 'Umayr!' When he asked if he would have to bear any evil consequences the apostle said, 'Two goats won't butt their heads about her,' so 'Umayr went back to his people.}}


{{Quote|Ishaq:587|Our onslaught will not be a weak faltering affair. We shall fight as long as we live. We will fight until you turn to Islam, humbly seeking refuge. We will fight not caring whom we meet. We will fight whether we destroy ancient holdings or newly gotten gains. We have mutilated every opponent. We have driven them violently before us at the command of Allah and Islam. We will fight until our religion is established. And we will plunder them, for they must suffer disgrace.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The Life of Muhammad|trans_title=Sirat Rasul Allah|ISBN=0-19-636033-1|year=1955|publisher=Oxford UP|author1=Ibn Ishaq (d. 768)|author2=Ibn Hisham (d. 833)|editor=A. Guillaume|url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad/page/n1/mode/2up|page=405}}<br>{{citation|title=سيرة ابن هشام ت السقا|author1=ابن إسحاق|author2=ابن هشام|url=https://app.turath.io/book/23833|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=131-132}}|Hassan b. Thabit answered him:
 
:You brought Kinana in your folly (to fight) the apostle,
{{Quote|Ishaq:597|When the Apostle returned to Medina after his raid on Ta'if, word spread that he had killed some of the men who had satirized and insulted him. The poets who were left spread in all directions.}}
:For God's army was (bound to) disgrace them.
{{Quote|Ishaq:601|The best men launch spears as if they were swords. They peer forward unweariedly. They devote their lives to their Prophet. In hand-to-hand fighting and cavalry attacks they purify themselves with the blood of the infidels. They consider that an act of piety.}}
:You brought them to death's cisterns in broad daylight.
 
:Hell was their meeting-place, killing what they met with.
{{Quote|Ishaq:602|The Apostle ordered Muslims to prepare for a military expedition so that he could raid the Byzantines.}}
:You collected them, black slaves, men of no descent,
 
:O leaders of infidels whom their insolent ones deceived.
{{Quote|Ishaq:607|The Byzantines encountered the Messenger's cavalry which was led by Khalid. Ukaydir was seized and his brother Hassan was killed. Muhammad spared his life and made peace with him on the condition that he pay the zakat tax.}}
:Why did you not learn from those thrown into Badr's pit
 
:Slain by God's horsemen?
{{Quote|Ishaq:676|‘You obey a stranger who encourages you to murder for booty. You are greedy men. Is there no honor among you?' Upon hearing those lines Muhammad said, ‘Will no one rid me of this woman?' Umayr, a zealous Muslim, decided to execute the Prophet's wishes. That very night he crept into the writer's home while she lay sleeping surrounded by her young children. There was one at her breast. Umayr removed the suckling babe and then plunged his sword into the poet. The next morning in the mosque, Muhammad, who was aware of the assassination, said, ‘You have helped Allah and His Apostle.' Umayr said. ‘She had five sons; should I feel guilty?' ‘No,' the Prophet answered. ‘Killing her was as meaningless as two goats butting heads.'}}
:Many a prisoner did we free without ransom,
 
:Many a captive's forelock did we, his masters, cut!}}
{{Quote|Ishaq:4503|It is your folly to fight the Apostle, for Allah’s army is bound to disgrace you. Leaders of the infidels, why did you not learn?}}


==Al Tabari==
==Al Tabari==


{{Quote|{{Tabari|6|p. 103}}|Hamza's Islam was complete. He followed the Prophet's every command. The Quraysh recognized that by Hamzah's acceptance of Islam Muhammad had been made strong. Hamzah would protect him.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VI|ISBN=0-88706-706-9|year=1988|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=M. V. McDonald|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1577/mode/2up|page=104}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=334}}|Hamzah persevered in his Islam. Quraysh recognized that by Hamzah's acceptance of Islam the Messenger of God had been strengthened and that Hamzah would protect him; after this, they curbed some of their attacks on him.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|6|p. 103}}|Umar bin al-Khattab was a staunch and mighty warrior. He accepted Islam, as had Hamzah before him. The Messenger's Companions began to feel stronger.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|6|p. 139}}|Allah had given his Messenger permission to fight by revealing the verse ‘And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is all for Allah.’}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 19}}|They plucked up courage and agreed to kill as many as they could and to seize what they had with them. Waqid shot an arrow at Amr and killed him. Then Abd Allah and his companions took the caravan and the captives back to Allah's Apostle in Medina. This was the first booty taken by the Companions of Muhammad.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 85}}|Muhammad killed many Quraysh polytheists at Badr.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 86}}|Gabriel brought down the following verse to the Messenger: ‘If you apprehend treachery from any people (with whom you have a treaty), retaliate by breaking off (relations).' When Gabriel had finished delivering this verse, the Prophet said, ‘I fear the Banu Qaynuqa.' It was on the basis of this verse that Muhammad advanced upon them.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 97}}|We carried Ka'b's head and brought it to Muhammad during the night. We saluted him as he stood praying and told him that we had slain Allah's enemy. When he came out to us we cast Ashraf's head before his feet. The Prophet praised Allah that the poet had been assassinated and complimented us on the good work we had done in Allah's Cause. Our attack upon Allah's enemy cast terror among the Jews, and there was no Jew in Medina who did not fear for his life.'|See Also Ishaq 368}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 97}}|The morning after the murder of Ashraf, the Prophet declared, ‘Kill any Jew who falls under your power.'}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 99}}|In this year, the killing of Abu Rafi the Jew took place. The Messenger sent some Ansar under the command of Abd Allah and Abd Allah against the Jew. Abu Rafi used to injure and wrong the Prophet.... Abd Allah said to the others, ‘Stay where you are, and I will go and ingratiate myself with the doorkeeper to gain entrance.'}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 109}}|The Messenger called for his coat of armor and put it on. When they saw this they repented, ‘What an evil deed we have done. We have given him advice when inspiration comes to him!' Muhammad replied, ‘It is not fitting for a prophet to put on his coat of mail and take it off before fighting.' So the Prophet went out to Uhud at the head of a thousand of his Companions, having promised them victory.|See Also Ishaq:372}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 100}}|Every time I opened a door, I shut it behind me from the inside, saying to myself, ‘If they become aware, they will not have time to stop me from killing him.' When I reached Rafi, he was in a dark room with his family. As I did not know where he was in the room, I said, ‘O Abu Rafi.' When he replied, I proceeded toward the voice and gave him a blow with my sword. He shouted and I came back, pretending to be a helper. I said, ‘O Abu,' changing the tone of my voice. He asked me, ‘I don't know who came to strike me with his sword.' Then I drove my sword into his belly and pushed it forcibly till it touched the bone. I hit him again and covered him with wounds, but I could not kill him, so I thrust the point of my sword into his stomach until it came out through his back. At that, I knew that I had killed him [in front of his wife and children]. I came out, filled with puzzlement, and went towards a ladder in order to get down but I fell into a moonlit night and sprained my foot. I bound it with my turban and moved on. I came to my companions and said, ‘By Allah, I will not leave till I hear the wailing of their women.' So, I did not move till I heard them crying for the Jewish merchant. I said, ‘Deliverance! Allah has killed Abu Rafi.' I got up, feeling no ailment, and proceeded till we came upon the Prophet and informed him.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 101}}|The Khazraj asked the Prophet for permission to kill Sallam Huqayq, who was in Khaybar. He granted this.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 101}}|Sallam's wife came out and we told her that we were Arabs in search of supplies. When we entered, we bolted the door on her so she gave a shout to warn him of our presence. We rushed upon him with our swords as he lay in his bed. He took his pillow and tried to fend us off. Abd Allah thrust his sword into his stomach and transfixed him while he was shouting, ‘Enough! Enough!' At once we went out but Abd Allah had bad eyesight, and he fell off the stairway, bruising his leg or arm. ‘How shall we know that the enemy of Allah is dead?' one of us asked. ‘I will go and look,' one replied. He set off and mingled with the people. He said, ‘I found him with the men of the Jews, and with his wife, who had a lamp in her hand, peering into his face. She said, ‘By the God of the Jews, he is dead.' I never heard any more pleasing words than these. We went to the Messenger of Allah and told him that we had killed the enemy of Allah. We disagreed in his presence about the killing of Sallam, each of us claiming to have done it. The Prophet said, ‘Bring me your swords.' We did and he looked at them. He said, ‘This sword of Abd Allah killed him. I can see the marks left by bones on it.'|See Also Ishaq:483}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 112}}|When a blind Jew became aware of the presence of the Messenger and the Muslims he rose and threw dust in their faces, saying, ‘Even if you are a prophet, I will not allow you into my garden!' I was told that he took a handful of dirt and said, ‘If only I knew that I would not hit anyone else, Muhammad, I would throw it in your face.' Sa'd rushed in and hit him on the head with his bow and split the Jew's head open.|See Also Ishaq:372}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 120}}|When the enemy overwhelmed the Holy Prophet he said, ‘Who will sell his life for me?'}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 120}}|May Allah's anger be intense against those who have bloodied the face of His Prophet." "By Allah, I never thirsted to kill anyone as I thirst to kill a Meccan.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 121}}|I saw Hamzah cutting down men with his sword, sparing no one. He yelled out to us, ‘Come here, you son of a cutter-off of clitorises.' He hit Siba so swiftly, his sword could not be seen striking his head. So I balanced my javelin until I was satisfied. Then I hurled it at Hamzah. It struck him in the lower part of the belly with such force it came out between his legs. He came toward me, but was overcome and fell. I waited until he was dead and recovered my javelin. I returned to the camp since there was nothing else I wanted.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 127}}|The Messenger said, ‘Hamzah is being cleansed by the angels. He went into battle in a state of ritual impurity when he heard the call to arms. That is why the angels are cleansing him.'}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 129}}|If you had seen what Muhammad did at the pit of Badr you would have been terror struck for as long as you lived. I requited Badr with its like.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 133}}|When Muhammad saw Hamzah he said, ‘If Allah gives me victory over the Quraysh at any time, I shall mutilate thirty of their men!' When the Muslims saw the rage of the Prophet they said, ‘By Allah, if we are victorious over them, we shall mutilate them in a way which no Arab has ever mutilated anybody.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 136}}|During Uhud, Quzman fought hard and killed seven to nine polytheists with his own hands, being brave, bold, and strong. But he got wounded so seriously, he had to be carried off by his comrades. They said, ‘Rejoice, you fought valiantly.' He replied, ‘For what have I fought?'|See Also Ishaq:383}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 139}}|The battle was fought on the Sabbath. On the following day, Sunday, 16 Shawwal (March 24, 625) the Messenger of Allah's crier called out to the people to go in pursuit of the enemy. His only purpose was to lower the morale of the Quraysh; by going in pursuit of them, he wanted to give the impression that his strength was unimpaired, and that the Muslim casualties had not weakened their ability to engage in fighting.|See Also Ishaq:389}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 144}}|The Muslims bivouacked for the night and were taken by surprise. So the Muslims took up their swords [not Qur’ans] to fight them, but the Lihyans said, ‘We do not want to kill you. We only want to get some money by selling you to the Meccans. We swear by Allah’s Covenant that we will not kill you.’ ‘By Allah,’ Asim said, ‘we will never accept a an agreement from an unbelieving infidel.’ They fought until they were killed.|See Also Ishaq:426}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 147}}|Amr was sent by Muhammad to kill Abu Sufyan [the Quraysh leader and merchant]. The Prophet said, ‘Go to Abu Sufyan and kill him.' …When I entered Mecca I had a dagger ready to slay anybody who laid hold of me. My Ansar companion asked, ‘Should we start by circumambulating the Ka'aba seven times and praying two rak'ahs?' I said, ‘I know the Meccans better than you do.' But he kept pestering me until in the end we went to the Ka'aba, circumambulated it seven times, and prayed.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 148}}|One of the Meccans recognized me and shouted, ‘That is Amr!' They rushed after us, saying, ‘By Allah, Amr has not come here for any good purpose! He has come for some evil reason.' Amr had been a cutthroat and a desperado before accepting Islam.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 148}}|Amr said, ‘Let's wait here until the cry has died down. They are sure to hunt for us tonight and tomorrow. I was still in the cave when Uthman bin Malik came riding proudly on his horse. He reached the entrance to our cave and I said to my Ansar companion, ‘If he sees us, he will tell everyone in Mecca.' So I went out and stabbed him with my dagger. He gave a shout and the Meccans came to him while I went back to my hiding place. Finding him at the point of death, they said, ‘By Allah we knew that Amr came for no good purpose.' The death of their companion impeded their search for us, for they carried him away.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 149}}|I went into a cave with my bow and arrows. While I was in it, a one-eyed man from the Banu Bakr came in driving some sheep. He said, ‘Who's there?' I said [lied], ‘I'm a Banu Bakr.' ‘So am I.' Then he laid down next to me, and raised his voice in song: ‘I will not believe in the faith of the Muslims.' I said, ‘You will soon see!' Before long the Bedouin went to sleep and started snoring. So I killed him in the most dreadful way that anybody has ever killed. I leant over him, struck the end of my bow into his good eye, and thrust it down until it came out the back of his neck. After that I rushed out like a wild beast and took flight. I came to the village of Naqi and recognized two Meccan spies. I called for them to surrender. They said no so I shot and arrow and killed one, and then I tied the other up and took him to Muhammad.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 150}}|I had tied my prisoner's thumbs together with my bowstring. The Messenger of Allah looked at him and laughed so that his back teeth could be seen. Then he questioned me and I told him what had happened. ‘Well done!' he said, and prayed for me to be blessed.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 158}}|Judayy went to Abd Allah Ibn Ubayy to ask for support. He said, ‘I found him sitting among a number of his companions while the Prophet's crier was calling men to arms. He said, ‘This is a clever trick of Muhammad's.' The Messenger of Allah besieged the Nadir Jews for fifteen days. In the end they made peace with him on the condition that the Prophet would not kill them and that their property and their coats of mail would be his.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 159}}|The Messenger of Allah besieged the Nadir for fifteen days until he had reduced them to a state of utter exhaustion, so that they would give him what he wanted. The terms in which the Prophet made peace with the Jews were: he would not shed their blood, he would expel them from their lands and settlements, providing for every three of them a camel and a water-skin.}}
 
{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 159}}|The Prophet fought them until he made peace with them on condition that they evacuated Yathrib. He expelled them to Syria but allowed them to keep what their camels could carry, except for their coats of mail and weapons.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|7|p. 162}}|There is a difference of opinion as to which of his expeditions took place after the one against the Nadir. Some say Muhammad remained in Yathrib for two months before leading a raid on Najd.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VI|ISBN=0-88706-706-9|year=1988|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=M. V. McDonald|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1577/mode/2up|page=105}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=335}}|Umar b. al-Khattab, who was a staunch, sturdy, and mighty warrior, had accepted Islam, as had Hamzah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib before him, and the Messenger of God's Companions began to feel stronger.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 12}}|I have heard some stories about the digging of the trench in which there is an example of Allah justifying His Apostle and confirming his prophetic office. For example, Muhammad spat on a rock, sprinkled water on it, and it crumbled. Then the Apostle said, ‘I struck the first blow and what you saw flash out was that Iraq and Persia would see dog’s teeth. Gabriel informed me that my nation would be victorious over them. Then I struck my second blow, and what flashed out was for the pale men in the land of the Byzantines to be bitten by the dog’s teeth. Gabriel informed me that my nation would be victorious over them. Then I struck my third blow and Gabriel told me that my nation would be victorious over Yemen. Rejoice, victory shall come. This increased the Muslims faith and submission.|See Also Ishaq:451}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VI|ISBN=0-88706-706-9|year=1988|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=M. V. McDonald|editor2=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1577/mode/2up|page=139}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=368-369}}|Abu Ja'far (al-Tabari): After God had given his Messenger permission to fight by revealing the verse:' "And fight them until persecution is no more, and religion is all for God," and the Ansar
had pledged themselves to support him according to the terms which I have described, the Messenger of God commanded those of his Companions from among the Muslims who were with him at Mecca to emigrate, go to al-Madinah, and join their brethren, the Ansar}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 17}}|The Muslims and polytheists stayed in their positions for twenty nights with no fighting except for the shooting of arrows and the siege. When the trial became great for the people, the Messenger sent for the leaders of the Ghatafan [Meccan comrades]. He offered them a third of the date harvest of Medina on condition that they leave. The truce between the sides progressed to the point of drawing up a written document, but there was no witnessing or firm determination to make peace; it was only a matter of maneuvering.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=19}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=412}}|They hesitated and were afraid to advance upon them, but then they plucked up courage and agreed to kill as many of them as they could and to seize what they had with them. Wagid b. 'Abd Allah al-Tamimi shot an arrow at 'Amr b. al-Hadrami and killed him, and 'Uthman b. 'Abd Allah and al-Hakam b. Kaysan surrendered, but Nawfal b. 'Abd Allah escaped and they were unable to catch him. Then 'Abd Allah b. Jahsh and his companions took the caravan and the two captives back to the Messenger of God in Medina.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 22}}|Hassan was with the women and children. A Jew passed by and began to walk around his settlement. There was no one to protect them while the Apostle and his Companions were at the Meccans' throats. So I said: ‘Hassan, this Jew is walking around. I fear he will point out our weakness while the Muslims are too busy to attend to us. So go down to him and kill him.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=85}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=479}}|Abu Ja'far (al-Tabari) says: The Messenger of God remained in Medina after his return from Badr. When he first came to Medina he had made a compact with its Jews that they would not aid anyone against him and that if any enemy attacked him there they would come to his aid. After the Messenger of God killed many polytheists of Quraysh at Badr, (the Jews) were envious and behaved badly towards him, saying, "Muhammad has not met anyone who is good at fighting. Had he met us, he would have had a battle which would be unlike a battle with anyone else." They also infringed the contract in various ways.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 22}}|‘Allah forgive you, daughter of Abd al-Muttalib,' Hassan said. ‘You know that I am not the man to do it.' When he said that to me I saw that nothing could be expected from him. I girded myself, took a club, and, having gone down from the fortress to the man, I struck him with the club until I killed him. When I had finished with him, I returned to the fortress and said, ‘Hassan, go down to him and strip him—only his being a man kept me from taking his clothes.' Hassan replied, ‘I have no need for his spoils.'|See Also Ishaq:458}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=85}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=480}}|According to Al-Zuhri-'Urwah: Gabriel brought the following verse down to the Messenger of God : "And if thou fearest treachery from any folk, then throw back to them their treaty fairly." When Gabriel had finished delivering this verse, the Messenger of God said, "I fear the Banu Qaynuqa'."<br>
'Urwah says: It was on the basis of this verse that the Messenger of God advanced upon them.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 38}}|The Messenger of Allah commanded that all of the Jewish men and boys who had reached puberty should be beheaded. Then the Prophet divided the wealth, wives, and children of the Banu Qurayza Jews among the Muslims.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|pages=97-98}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=491}}|We lifted him up and carried him to the Messenger of God at the end of the night. He was standing in prayer, so we greeted him, and he came out to meet us. We told him that the enemy of God had been killed, he spat upon the wound of our companion, and we returned to our families. The next morning, the Jews were in a state of fear on account of our attack upon the enemy of God, and there was not a Jew there but feared for his life.<br>
The Messenger of God said, "Whoever of the Jews falls into your hands, kill him." So Muhayyisah b. Masud fell upon Ibn Sunaynah, one of the Jewish merchants who was on close terms with them and used to trade with them, and killed him. Huwayyisah b. Mas'ud (his brother) at that time had not accepted Islam; he was older than Muhayyisah, and when (the latter) killed (the Jew), he began beating him and saying, "O enemy of God, have you killed him? By God, you have much fat in your belly from his wealth." Muhayyisah said, "I said to him, 'By God, if he who commanded me to kill him had commanded me to kill you, I would have cut off your head." And, by God, that was the beginning of Huwayyisah's acceptance of Islam. He said, "If Muhammad had ordered you to kill me, you would have killed me?" and I replied, "Yes, by God, if he had ordered me to kill you I would have cut off your head." "By God," he said, "a faith which has brought you to this is indeed a marvel." Then Huwayyisah accepted Islam.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 40}}|The Messenger commanded that furrows should be dug in the ground for the Qurayza. Then he sat down. Ali and Zubayr began cutting off their heads in his presence.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|pages=99-101}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=493-495}}|The Killing of Abu Rafi' the Jew:<br>
Abu Ja'far (al-Tabari) says: In this year, it is said, the killing of Abu Rafi' the Jew took place. The reason for his being killed was, it is said, that he used to take the part of Ka'b b. al-Ashraf against the Messenger of God. The Messenger of God is said to have sent 'Abd Allah b.'Atik against him in the middle of Jumada al-Akhirah of this year (which began November i 9, 624).<br>
According to Harun b. Ishaq al-Hamdani--Mus'ab b. Miqdam--Isra'il--Abu Ishaq--al-Bard': The Messenger of God sent some of the Ansar under the command of 'Abd Allah b. 'Uqbah or 'Abd Allah b. 'Atik against Abu Rafi' the Jew, who was in the Hijaz. Abu Rafi' used to injure and wrong the Messenger of God. He lived in his stronghold in the Hijaz. When the Muslim party drew close to it, as the sun was setting and the people were bringing their flocks back, 'Abd Allah b. 'Uqbah or 'Abd Allah b. 'Atik said to the others, "Stay where you are, and I will go and ingratiate myself with the doorkeeper, in the hope of gaining entrance." He went forward, and when he was close to the door, he wrapped himself up in his cloak as though he were relieving himself. Everybody else had gone in, and the doorkeeper called to him, "You there, if you want to come in, come in, because I want to shut the door." "I went in," he said, "and hid myself in a donkey pen. When everybody had come in, the man shut the door and hung up the keys on a wooden peg. I went to the keys, took them, and opened the door. Abu Rafi' had company that evening in some upper rooms, and when his guests left I went up to him. Every time I opened a door, I shut it again behind me from inside, saying to myself, 'If they become aware of me, they will not be able to reach me before I kill him.' When I reached him, he was in a dark room along with his family. As I did not know where he was in the room, I said, 'Abu Rafi'!' and he said, 'Who is that?' I rushed toward the sound and gave him a blow with my sword, but I was in a state of confusion and did not achieve anything. He gave a shout, and I left the room but remained close at hand. I then went in again and said, 'What was that noise, Abu Rafi'?' 'God damn it,' he said, 'there is a man in the house who has just struck me with his sword.' Then I hit him and covered him with wounds, but I could not kill him, so I thrust the point of my sword into his stomach until it came out through his back. At that, I knew that I had killed him, and I opened the doors one by one until I reached a flight of stairs. Thinking that I had reached the ground, I put my foot out but fell into a moonlit night and broke my leg. I bound it up with my turban and moved on. Finally, finding myself sitting by the door, I said to myself, 'By God, I will not leave tonight until I know whether I have killed him or not.' When the cock crowed, the announcer of his death stood upon the wall and said, 'I announce the death of Abu Rafi', the profit-maker of the people of Hijaz.' I went to my companions and said , 'Deliverance! God has killed Abu Rafi'.' Then I went to the Prophet and told him, and he said, 'Stretch out your leg!' When I stretched it out, he stroked it, and it was as though I had never had anything wrong with it."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 48}}|Then he set out at full speed after the enemy—he was like a beast of prey.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|pages=101-103}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=495-497}}|When al-Khazraj did something, al-Aws said the same. Thus, when al-Aws killed Ka'b b. al-Ashraf on account of his hostility to the Messenger of God, al-Khazraj said, "They will never take superiority from us by doing that." They conferred together to find a man comparable to Ibn al -Ashraf in hostility to the Messenger of God and called to mind Ibn Abi al-Huqayq, who was in Khaybar. They then asked the Messenger of God for permission to kill him, and this he gave. Five men of al-Khazraj, of the clan of Banu Salimah, set out, 'Abd Allah b.'Atik, Masud b. Sinan, 'Abd Allah b. Unays, Abu Qatadah al-Harith b. Rib'i, and Khuza'i b. al-Aswad, a confederate of theirs from (the tribe of) Aslam. The Messenger of God put 'Abd Allah b. 'Atik in command of them and forbade them to kill women or children. Setting out, they reached Khaybar and entered Ibn Abi al-Huqayq's house by night. As they went, they shut the door of every room in the house upon its occupants. Ibn Abi al-Huqayq was in an upper room reached by a spiral stairway. They climbed up this, went to the door, and asked permission to enter. A woman came out to them and said, "Who are you?" They replied, "We are some bedouin seeking provisions of grain." She said, "The man you want is over there; go in and see him." "When we went in," (they said), "we shut the door behind her, ourselves, and him, being afraid that a patrol might prevent us from getting at him. His wife gave a shout to warn him of our presence, and we rushed upon him with our swords as he was in his bed. By God, the only thing which guided us to him in the blackness of the night was his whiteness, as though he were a piece of Egyptian linen thrown down there.<br>
"When his wife shouted that we were there, one of us would raise his sword against her; then he would remember the Prophet's prohibition and withdraw his hand. If it had not been for that, we would have dispatched him that night. After we had struck him with our swords, 'Abd Allah b. Unays thrust his sword into his stomach and transfixed him while he was shouting, 'Enough! Enough!' At once we went out. 'Abd Allah b. 'Atik had bad eyesight, and he fell off the stairway, bruising his leg severely. We lifted him up, took him to one of their water channels, and entered it. They lit lamps, and searched for us in every nook and cranny, but finally they gave up hope and went back to their master, crowding round him as he lay dying. We said to ourselves, 'How shall we know that the enemy of God is dead?' One of us said, 'I will go and look for you.' He set off and mingled with the people. He said later, 'I found him with the men of the Jews, and with his wife, who had a lamp in her hand and was looking into his face. Then she said, speaking to them, "By God, I recognised the voice of Ibn 'Atik, but then I thought I must be wrong, and said to myself, 'How could Ibn 'Atik be in this country?"' Then she turned to him to look in his face, and said, "By the God of the Jews, he is dead ." 'I never heard any words more pleasing to me, said our companion.<br>
"He then came back to us and told us the news. We lifted up our injured companion, went to the Messenger of God, and told him that we had killed the enemy of God. We disagreed in his presence about the killing of Ibn Abi al-Huqayq, each of us claiming to have done it. The Messenger of God then said, 'Bring your swords,' and when we did so he looked at them and said, 'This sword of 'Abd Allah b. Unays killed him. I can see the marks left by bones on it.'"}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 46}}|Akhram said, ‘If you believe in Allah and know that Paradise is real and that the Fire is real, don't stand between me and martyrdom!' But Abd-Rahman dismounted and thrust his spear into Akhram. So I shot Abd-Rahman with an arrow, and said, ‘Take that!'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=109}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=503-504}}<br>See Also Ishaq:372|The Messenger of God then called for his coat of mail and put it on. When they saw him armed, the people repented and said, "What an evil deed we have done, giving the Messenger of God advice when inspiration comes to him!" They rose up and apologised to him, saying, "Do what you see fit! " The Messenger of God replied, "It is not fitting for a prophet to put on his coat of mail and take it off again before fighting." So the Messenger of God went out to Uhud at the head of a thousand men, having promised them victory if they showed endurance.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 56}}|According to Aisha: ‘A great number of Mustaliq were wounded. The Messenger took many captives, and they were divided among all the Muslims.|See Also Ishaq 493}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=112}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=506-507}}<br>See Also Ishaq:372|When the latter [a blind Jew] became aware of the presence of the Messenger of God and the Muslims with him, he rose up and threw dust in their faces, saying, "Even if you are the Messenger of God, I will not allow you into my garden !" I was told that he took a handful of dust and then said: "If only I knew that I would not hit anyone else, Muhammad, I would throw it in your face." The people rushed up to kill him, but the Messenger of God said, "Do not do so, for this man who is blind of sight is also blind of heart." Sa'd b. Yazid, the brother of the Banu 'Abd al-Ashhal, had rushed up to al-Mirba' as the Messenger of God uttered this prohibition, and he split al-Mirba"s head open with his bow.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 76}}|Urwah went to the Prophet. ‘Muhammad, tell me, if you exterminate your tribesmen—have you ever heard of any of the Arabs who has destroyed his own race before you?'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=120}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=515}}|Abu Ja'far (al-Tabari) says: When the enemy overwhelmed him, the Messenger of God said, "Who will sell his life for us?"}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 76}}|He began speaking to the Prophet again, stroking his beard. Mughira, clad in mail, was standing next to him with his sword. Whenever Urwah extended his hand toward the Prophet's beard, Mughira struck his hand with the lower end of the scabbard and said, ‘Take your hand away from his beard before you lose it!' Urwah raised his head and asked, ‘Who is this?' They said, ‘Mughira.' Urwah said, ‘Rude man, I am trying to rectify your act of treachery.' During the Time of Ignorance [pre-Islam] Mughira had accompanied some men and killed them, taking their money. The Apostle just smiled.|See Also Ishaq 502}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|pages=121-122}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=517}}|Wahshi, the slave of Jubayr b. Mut'im, said, "By God, I saw Hamzah cutting down men with his sword, not sparing anyone who went past him; he was like an ash-colored camel (in size). When Siba' b. `Abd al-'Uzza reached him before me, Hamzah said to him, 'Come over here, you son of a cutter-off of clitorises.' He then struck him so swiftly that he could not be seen striking his
head. I balanced my javelin until I was satisfied with it, and then I hurled it at Hamzah. It struck him in the lower part of the belly with such force that it came out between his legs. He came towards me, but was overcome and fell. I waited until he was dead and then went and recovered my javelin; after that I returned to the camp, since there was nothing else I wanted to do there."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 90}}|Abu Basir went out with his companions. When they stopped to rest he asked one of them, ‘Is this sword of yours sharp?' ‘Yes,' he replied. ‘May I look at it?' Basir asked. ‘If you wish.' Basir unsheathed the sword, attacked the man, and killed him. The other Muslim ran back to the Messenger, saying, ‘Your Companion has killed my friend.' While the man was still there, Abu Basir appeared girded with the sword. He halted before Muhammad and said, ‘Messenger, your obligation has been discharged.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=124}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=519}}|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--Salih b. Kaysan--somebody who told him from Said b. Abi Waqqas: Said used to say, "By God, I never thirsted to kill anyone as I thirsted to kill 'Utbah b. Abi Waggas. Even if I had not known that he was evil of character and hated among his own people, the Messenger of God's saying, 'May God's anger be intense against those who have bloodied the face of the Messenger of God,' would have been enough for me."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 93}}|In this year, according to Waqidi, the Messenger dispatched the raiding party of Abu Ubaydah with forty men. They traveled through the night on foot and reached Qassah just before dawn. They raided the inhabitants, who escaped them by fleeing to the mountains. They took cattle, old clothes, and a man.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=127}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=521}}|Abu Ja'far (al-Tabari) says: Hanzalah b. Abi'Amir, he whom the angels cleansed, met Abu Sufyan b. Harb in battle . He had gained the better of Abu Sufyan when Shaddad b. al-Aswad, who was known as Ibn Sha'ub, seeing him poised over Abu Sufyan, struck and killed him. The Messenger of God said, "Your companion (meaning Hanzalah ) is being cleansed by the angels. Ask his family what this is about." When they asked his wife, she replied, "He went out to battle in a state of ritual impurity when he heard the call to battle." The Messenger of God said, "That is why the angels were cleansing him."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 93}}|In this year a raiding party led by Zayd went to Jamum. He captured a Muzaynah woman named Halimah. She guided them to an encampment of the Banu Sulaym where they captured cattle, sheep, and prisoners.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=129}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=524}}|Replying to Abu Sufyan's words, "My colt kept a short distance from them," al-Harith b. Hisham, who thought he was alluding to him as he had fled from Badr, said:<br>
:If you had seen what they did at the pool of Badr,
:You would have gone back with a heart which would be terror-struck as long as you lived.
:Or mourning-women would have risen up to bewail you,
:and you would not care about the loss of a loved one.
:I requited them later for Badr with its like,
:mounted on a swift, smoothly-moving, galloping horse.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 94}}|In this year a raiding party led by Zayd went to al-Is. During it, Abu As'b's property was taken.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=133}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=528-529}}|According to Ibn Humayd-Salamah-Ibn Ishaq-Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr: When the Messenger of God saw Hamzah in that condition, he said, "If it were not that Safiyyah would grieve, or that it would become a sunnah (standard practice) after me, I would leave him so that he would find his way into the bellies of
wild beasts or the crops of birds. If God gives me victory over Quraysh at any time, I shall mutilate thirty of their men!" When the Muslims saw the grief and rage of the Messenger of God at what had been done to his uncle, they said, "By God, if one day we are victorious over them, we shall mutilate them in a way which none of the Arabs has ever mutilated an}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 94}}|A fifteen-man raiding party led by Zayd went to Taraf against the Banu Thalabah. The Bedouins fled, fearing that Allah's Messenger had set out against them. Zayd took twenty camels from their herds. He was away four nights.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|pages=135-136}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=531}}<br>See Also Ishaq:383|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--`Asim b. `Umar b. Qatadah: There was among us a stranger, whose origins were unknown, called Quzman. When anybody mentioned his name, the Messenger of God used to say, "He is one of the people of Hell-fire." On the day of Uhud he fought hard, and killed eight or nine polytheists with his own hand, being bold, brave, and redoubtable. Finally he was disabled by his wounds and was carried to the settlement of the Banu Zafar. Some Muslims began to say, "You have fought valiantly today, Quzman, so rejoice!" "What have I to rejoice about?" he answered. "By God, I only fought for the honour of my people; but for that, I would not have fought." When the pain of his wounds became too severe, he took an arrow from his quiver, slit his wrists, and bled to death. The Messenger of God was told of this, and said, "I testify that I am truly the Messenger of God."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 96}}|Muhammad sent him with an army against the Fazarah settlement. He met them in Qura and inflicted casualties on them and took Umm Qirfah prisoner. He also took one of Umm's daughters and Abdallah bin Mas'adah prisoner.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|pages=138-139}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=534}}<br>See Also Ishaq:389|The Expedition of Hamra' al-Asad:<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--Husayn b. 'Abd Allah--'Ikrimah: The day of Uhud was on Saturday, halfway through Shawwal. On the following day, which was Sunday, 16 Shawwal (March 24, 625), the Messenger of God's crier called out to the people to go in pursuit of the enemy, but added that nobody was to join the force except those who had been present at the battle the day before. Jabir b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Amr b. Haram spoke to him and said, "O Messenger of God, my father left me behind to look after my seven sisters and said to me, 'My son, it is not right for me and you to leave these women without a man among them, and I am not one to give you the precedence over myself in fighting along with the Messenger of God; you must stay behind to look after your sisters.' So I stayed behind to look after them." The Messenger of God gave him permission, and he went out with him. The Messenger of God's only purpose in this expedition was to lower the morale of the enemy; by going out in pursuit of them, he wanted to give them the impression that his strength was unimpaired, and that the Muslims' casualties had not weakened their ability to engage in fighting.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 97}}|The Messenger appointed Abu Bakr as our commander, and we raided some of the Banu Fazarah. When we came near the watering place, Bakr ordered us to rest. After we prayed the dawn prayer, Abu ordered us to launch the raid against them. We went down to the watering hole and there we killed some people. I saw women and children among them, who had almost outstripped us; so I sent an arrow between them and the mountain. When they saw the arrow they stopped, and I led them back to Abu Bakr. Among them was a woman of the Banu Fazarah. She was wearing a worn-out piece of leather. With her was her daughter, among the fairest of the Arabs. Abu Bakr gave me her daughter as booty.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=144}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=538-539}}<br>See Also Ishaq:426|The (Muslims) who had bivouacked for the night were taken completely by surprise by men with swords in their hands; they took up their swords to fight them, but the (men) said, "By God, we do not want to kill you. We only want to get some (money) for you from the people of Mecca. We swear to you by God's covenant that we will not kill you." Marthad b. Abi Marthad, Khalid b. Bukayr, and 'Asim b. Thabit b. Abi al-Aglah said, "By God, we will never accept a compact or contract from a polytheist," and then fought until they were all killed. Zayd b. al-Dathinnah, Khubayb b. 'Adi, and 'Abd Allah b. Tariq, however, were soft and yielding, desiring life, and surrendered; they were made prisoners and taken to Mecca to be sold there.<br>
When they got as far as al-Zahran, 'Abd Allah b. Tariq broke loose from his bonds, and seized his sword. His captors kept well back from him, but threw stones at him until they had killed him. They buried him at al-Zahran. As for Khubayb b. 'Adi and Zayd b. al-Dathinnah, their captors took them to Mecca and sold them there. Khubayb was bought by Hujayr b. Abi Ihab al-Tamimi, the confederate of the Banu Nawfal, on behalf of 'Uqbah b. al-Harith b. 'Amir b. Nawfal, Hujayr being the brother of al-Harith b. 'Amir by his mother; this was so that 'Uqbah might kill him in revenge for his father. Zayd b. al-Dathinnah was bought by Safwan b. Umayyah in order to kill him in revenge for his father, Umayyah b. Khalaf}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 100}}|Abu Sufyan said, ‘We were merchants but the fighting between us and Muhammad has prevented us from journeying, so our wealth is depleted. Even after the truce with the Muslims, we fear that we still are not safe.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|pages=147-150}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=542-545}}|The Mission of 'Amr b. Umayyah against Abu Sufyan:<br>
The story of 'Amr b. Umayyah al-Damn, when he was sent by the Messenger of God to kill Abu Sufyan b. Harb.<br>
When the men whom the Prophet had sent to 'Adal and al-Qarah were killed at al-Raji' and the news reached the Messenger of God, he sent 'Amr b. Umayyah al-Damn and one of the Ansar
to Mecca, ordering them to kill Abu Sufyan b. Harb.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah b. al-Fadl--Muhammad b. Ishaq--Ja'far b. al-Fadl b. al-Hasan b. 'Amr b. Umayyah al-Damri--his father--his great-grandfather, that is 'Amr b. Umayyah, whose account is as follows: After the death of Khubayb and his companions, the Messenger of God sent me together with one of the Ansar, saying, "Go to Abu Sufyan b. Harb and kill him." I
and my companion set out. I had a camel and he had not, and he had a weakness in his foot, so I carried him on my camel until we reached the valley of Ya'jaj. Then we hobbled our camel in the bottom of a ravine and climbed up. I said to my companion, "Come with me to Abu Sufyan's house, as I am going to try to kill him. You keep watch, and if a patrol comes or something alarms you, get back to your camel, mount it, return to Medina, and go to the Messenger of God and tell him what has happened. You can leave me to my own devices, because I know the town well, am
bold, and have strong legs."<br>
When we entered Mecca I had with me the like of an eagle's secondary feather-meaning his dagger-which I had ready to kill anybody who laid hold of me. My companion said to me, "Shall we make a start by circumambulating the Ka'bah seven times and praying two rak'ahs?" I said to him, "I know the people of Mecca better than you do. When it gets dark, they sprinkle their courtyards with water and sit in them; and I am better known there than a piebald horse."<br>
But he kept on pestering me until in the end we went to the Ka'bah, circumambulated it seven times, and prayed two rak'ahs. When we came out we went past a group of men sitting together, and one of them recognized me and shouted out at the top of his voice, "That is 'Amr b. Umayyah!" The Meccans rushed after us, saying "By God, 'Amr b. Umayyah has not come here for any good purpose! By the God by whom we swear, he has never come here except for some evil purpose!' ('Amr had been a cutthroat and a
desperado before accepting Islam).<br>
They set out in pursuit of my companion and myself, and I said to him, "Let us get out of here! This is just what I was afraid of! We will never reach Abu Sufyan now, so save your own skin." We left at full speed, took to the hills, and hid in a cave, where we spent the night. In this way we gave them the slip, and they had to return without us. As we went into the cave, I concealed the entrance with stones, saying to my companion, "Let us wait here until the hue and cry has died down; they are sure to hunt for us the rest of the night and all tomorrow until the evening." I was still in the cave when, by God, 'Uthman b. Malik b. 'Ubayd Allah al-Taymi came up riding proudly on his horse. He kept coming nearer and nearer, riding proudly on his horse, until he reached the entrance to our cave. I said to my companion, "This is Ibn Malik. By God, if he sees us, he will tell everyone in Mecca about us!" So I went out and stabbed him below the breast with my dagger. He gave a shout which all the Meccans heard, and they came up to him while I went back to my hiding place, went in and said to my companion, "Stay where you are!" The Meccans hastily followed the shout, and found him on the point of death. They asked him, who had wounded him. "'Amr b. Umayyah," he replied, and died. They could not find anything to show them where we were, and merely said, "By God, we knew that he came for no good purpose." The death of their companion impeded their search for us, for they carried him away. We remained in the cave for two days until the pursuit had died down and then went out to al-Tan'im, where Khubayb's cross was. My companion said to me, "Shall we take Khubayb down from his cross?" "Where is he?" I said. "You can see him over there," he said. "Very well," I said, "but leave it to me, and keep well away from me." The cross was watched over by a guard, so I said to the Ansari, "If you are afraid of anything, make your way to your camel, mount it, go to the Messenger of God, and tell him what has happened." I went quickly to Khubayb's cross, untied him, and carried him on my back, but I had gone no more than forty paces when they spotted me. At once I threw him down, and I will never forget the sound his body made when it fell. They ran after me, and I took the path to al-Safra' and managed to throw them off. They went back, while my companion made his way to his camel, mounted it, went to the Prophet and told him what had happened to us. I proceeded  on foot until I was overlooking Ghalil Dajnan. There I went into a cave with my bow and arrows. While I was in it a tall one-eyed man from the Banu al-Dil b. Bakr came in driving some sheep. He said, "Who is there?" and I said, "One of the Banu Bakr. "Z" He said, "I am from the Banu Bakr, one of the Banu al-Dil." Then he lay down next to me, and raised his voice in
song:<br>
:I will not be a Muslim as long as I live,
:and will not believe in the faith of the Muslims.<br>
I said, "You will soon see!" Before long the beduin went to sleep and started snoring, and I went to him and killed him in the most dreadful way that anybody has ever killed anybody. I leant over him, stuck the end of my bow into his good eye, and thrust it down until it came out of the back of his neck. After that I rushed out like a wild beast and took to the highway like an eagle, fleeing for my life. First, I came to such and such a village, then to Rakubah, and then to al-Nagi'. At this place there were two Meccans whom Quraysh had sent to spy out how things were with the Messenger of God. I recognized them and called on them to surrender. "Shall we surrender to you?" they said; so I shot an arrow at one of them and killed him, and then called on the other to surrender. He did so and I tied him up and took him to the Messenger of God.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd-Salamah-Ibn Islhaq-Sulayman b. Wardan-his father-'Amr b. Umayyah: When I came to Medina, I went past some shaykhs of the Ansar. "By God," they said, "that is 'Amr b. Umayyah!" Some boys heard what they were saying and rushed to the Messenger of God to tell him. I had tied my prisoner's thumbs together with my bowstring, and the Messenger of God looked at him and laughed so that his back teeth could be seen. Then he questioned me and I told him what had happened. "Well done!" he said, and prayed for me to be blessed.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 116}}|After his return from Hudaybiyah, Allah's Messenger marched against Khaybar. He halted with his army in a valley between the people of Khaybar and the Ghatafan tribe to prevent the latter from assisting the Jews.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|pages=158-159}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=553-554}}|'Abd Allah b. Ubayy sent a message to the Banu al-Nadir saying, "Do not go. I have two thousand men from the beduin and those of my own people who are united around me. Stay, and they will enter battle with you, as will Qurayzah." Ka'b b. Asad, however, the guarantor of the Banu Qurayzah's compact with the Messenger of God, heard of this and said, "No man of the Banu Qurayzah shall break his compact as long as I am alive." Sallam b. Mishkam said to Huyayy b. Akhtab, "Huyayy, we (our tribe) are eminent among our people (the Jews) by virtue of our wealth; accept what Muhammad has proposed before you have to accept what is worse than that." "What is worse than that?" he asked. "The seizure of our wealth, the enslavement of our children, and the killing of our fighting men," he replied. Huyayy refused to accept his advice, however, and sent Judayy b. Akhtab to the Messenger of God to say, "We will not leave our settlements; so do what you see fit."<br>
The Messenger of God magnified God and the Muslims magnified God with him. Then he said, "The Jews have declared war." Judayy then went to In Ubayy to ask for support from him. He said, "I found him sitting among a number of his companions while the Prophet's crier was calling men to arms. His son, 'Abd Allah b. 'Abd Allah b. Ubayy, came in as I was with him, took up
his arms, and ran out. I despaired of Ibn Ubayy's help, and told Huyayy of all this. He said, "This is a clever trick of Muhammad's." The Messenger of God marched against the Banu al-Nadir, and besieged them for fifteen days. In the end they made peace with him on the condition that the Messenger of God would not shed their blood and that their property and their coats of mail would be his.<br>
According to Muhammad b. Sa'd-his father-his paternal uncle-his father-his father-Ibn 'Abbas: The Messenger of God besieged them (the Banu al-Nadir) for fifteen days until he had reduced them to a state of utter exhaustion, so that they gave him what he wanted from them and made peace with him. The terms were that he would not shed their blood, would expel them from their lands and their settlements, and would send them to Adhri'at in Syria, providing for every three of them a camel and a water-skin.<br>
According to Ibn 'Abd al-All--Muhammad b. Thawr--Ma'mar--al-Zuhri: The Prophet fought them until he made peace with them on condition that they evacuated Medina. He expelled them to Syria but allowed them to keep what their camels could carry, except for their coats of mail ("coats of mail" means weapons).}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 117}}|The next morning Allah opened the township of Sa'b bin Mu'adh for them to conquer. There was no stronghold in Khaybar more abounding in food. After the Prophet had defeated some of their settlements and taken their property, they reached the communities of Watib and Sulalim, which were the last of the Khaybar neighborhoods to be conquered. Muhammad besieged the inhabitants between thirteen and nineteen nights.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VII|ISBN=0-88706-344-6|year=1987|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor1=W. Montgomery Watt|editor2=M. V. McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n1805/mode/2up|page=161}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=555-556}}|There is a difference of opinion as to which of his expeditions took place after that against the Banu al-Nadir.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq: The Messenger of God remained in Medina after the expedition against the Banu al-Nadir for the two months of Rabi' and part of the month of Jumada (from August 11 to late October, 625). Then he went on an expedition into Najd, directed against the Banu Muharib and the Banu Tha'labah, part of Ghatafan, and reached Nakhl. This was the expedition of Dhat al-Riqa'. They met there a number of Ghatafan; the armies approached one another, but no fighting took place, because they feared one another. The Messenger of God then led the Muslims in the Prayer of Fear, and left with them.<br>
As for al-Wagidi, he asserts that the Messenger of God's expedition to Dhat al-Riqa' was in Muharram in Year Five of the Hijrah (which began July 2, 626). He says that it was called Dhat al-Riqa' because the mountain after which it was named, Dhat al-Riqa' (the patchwork mountain) had black, white, and red patches on it. The Messenger of God left 'Uthman b. 'Affan in charge of Medina during this expedition}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 123}}|Allah’s Apostle besieged the final [Jewish] community until they could hold out no longer. Finally, when they were certain that they would perish, they asked Muhammad to banish them and spare their lives, which he did. The Prophet took possession of all their property.|See Also Ishaq:515}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=11-13}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=568-570}}<br>See Also Ishaq:451|Salman climbed out and went to the Messenger of God, who was pitching a Turkish-style round tent nearby, and said: "O Messenger of God, who are as dear to us as father and mother, a white rock came out of the trench, a flint that broke our iron implements and exhausted us, so that we can make no impression small or great on it. Give us your order concerning it, for we do not wish to deviate from your plan." The Messenger of God went down into the trench with Salman, and we nine climbed up onto its side. The Messenger of God took the pickaxe from Salman and struck the rock a blow that cracked it, and a flash of lightning shot out, illuminating everything between the two tracts of black stones-that is, Medina 's two tracts of black stones-like a lamp inside a dark room. The Messenger of God shouted, "God is greatest! "-a shout of victory-and the Muslims, too, shouted, "God is greatest!" Then the Messenger of God struck it again and cracked it, and a flash of lightning shot out, illuminating everything between Medina's two tracts of black stones-like a lamp inside a dark room. The Messenger of God shouted, "God is greatest!"-a shout of victory-and the Muslims, too, shouted, "God is greatest!" Then the Messenger of God struck it a third time and broke it, and a flash of lightning shot out, illuminating everything between Medina's two tracts of black stones-like a lamp inside a dark room. The Messenger of God shouted, "God is greatest!"-a shout of victory-and the Muslims, too, shouted, "God is greatest!" Then he took Salman's hand and climbed out. Salman said: "You are as dear to me as father and mother, Messenger of God! I have seen something I never saw before." The Messenger of God turned to the men and asked, "Did you see what Salman says?" They said: "Yes, Messenger of God, you who are as dear to us as father and mother; we saw you strike and lightning come out like waves. We saw you shout 'God is greatest,' and so we shouted 'God is greatest.' We saw nothing else." "You have spoken truly," he said. "I struck my first blow, and what you saw flashed out, so that the palaces of al-Hirah and al-Mada'in of Kiss lit up for me from it as if they were dogs' teeth, and Gabriel informed me that my nation would be victorious over them. Then I struck my second blow, and what you saw flashed out, so that the palaces of the pale men in the land of the Byzantine lit up for me from it as if they were dogs' teeth, and Gabriel informed me that my nation would be victorious over them. Then I struck my third blow, and what you saw flashed out, so that the palaces of San'a' lit up for me from it as if they were dogs ' teeth, and Gabriel informed me that my nation would be victorious over them, [saying]: "Rejoice; victory shall come to them! Rejoice; victory shall come to them! Rejoice; victory shall come to them!" So the Muslims rejoiced and said: "Praise be to God! The promise of One who is true and faithful! He has promised us victory after tribulation." So when the allied clans came up, the believers said: "This is what God and His Messenger promised us. God and His Messenger have spoken truly." And it only increased them in faith and surrender. But the hypocrites said: "Do you not wonder? He discourses to you, raises your hopes, and promises you false things. He tells you that from Yathrib he can see the palaces of al-Hirah and al-Mada'in of Kisra and that they will be conquered by you-and this while you are digging the trench and cannot go forth!" So the following [verse of the] Qur'an was revealed: "And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is sickness were saying, 'God and His Messenger promised us naught but delusion.'"}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 130}}|The Prophet conquered Khaybar by force after fighting. Khaybar was something that Allah gave as booty to His Messenger. He took one-fifth of it and divided the remainder among the Muslims.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=17-18}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=572-573}}|The Messenger of God and the polytheists stayed in their positions for over twenty nights-nearly a month-with no warfare between the troops, except for the shooting of arrows and the siege.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--'Agim b. 'Umar b. Qatadah and Muhammad b. Muslim b. Shihab al-Zuhri: When the trial became great for the people, the Messenger of God sent to 'Uyaynah b. Hisn and al-Harith b. 'Awf b. Abi Harithah al-Murri, the two leaders of Ghatafan, and offered them a third of the date harvest of Medina on condition that they and their followers go back, leaving the Messenger of God and his companions. The truce between the two sides progressed to the point of drawing up a written document, but there was no witnessing or firm determination to make peace; it was only a matter of maneuvering. So the two of them acted as they did. When the Messenger of God was about to act, he sent to Sa'd b. Mu'adh and Sa'd b. 'Ubadah, gave them an account, and asked their advice. The two said, "Messenger of God, is it something you would like us to do, or is it something God has commanded you to do that we must do, or is it something you are doing for us?" He answered: "Indeed, it is for you. By God, I am doing it only because I saw that the Arabs had shot at you from a single bow and had dogged you from every side; so I wanted somehow to avert their furor from you for a time." Sad b. Mu'adh said: "Messenger of God, we and these people used to be polytheists, associating [other divinities] with God and worshiping idols, and we neither worshiped God nor knew him; and they did not hope to eat a single date of ours except in hospitality or by buying. Now that God has conferred Islam on us, guided us to it, and strengthened us with your presence, shall we give them our wealth? We have no need for this! By God, we will offer them only the sword, until God judge between us and them." "As you wish," said the Messenger of God. So Sa'd took the sheet and erased the writing on it. Then he said, "Let them do their utmost against us."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 133}}|A raiding party led by Bahir went to Yumn. The Muslims went out and captured camels and sheep. A slave belonging to Uyaynah met them, and they killed him.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=22-23}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=577}}<br>See Also Ishaq:458|According to Safiyyah, who said: Hassan was with us there with the women and children. A man from the Jews passed by us and began to circle the fortress. The Banu Qurayzah had gone to war and had broken their pact with the Messenger of God. There was no one between us and them to defend us-the Messenger of God and the Muslims, being face to face with the enemy, could not leave them to come back to us when anyone came at us. So I said: "Hassan, this Jew, as you see, is circling the fortress. By God, I fear he will point out our exposed places to the Jews who are to our rear while the Messenger of God and his companions are too busy to attend to us. So go down to him and kill him." He replied: "God forgive you, daughter of 'Abd al-Muttalib! You know I am not the man to do it." When he said that to me and I saw that nothing could be expected from him, I girded myself, took a club, and, having gone down from the fortress to the man, I struck him with the club until I killed him. When I had finished with him, I returned to the fortress and said: "Hassan, go down to him and strip him"-only his being a man kept me from stripping him. Hassan replied, "I have no need for his spoils, daughter of 'Abd al-Muttalib."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 141}}|The battle cry of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah that night was: ‘Kill! Kill! Kill!’}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=38-39}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=591}}|The Messenger of God had commanded that all of them who had reached puberty should be killed.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--Ayyub b. 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Abdallah b. Abi Sa'Sa'ah (a member of the Banu 'Adi b. al-Najjar): Salma bt. Qays, the mother of al-Mundhir and sister of Salit b. Qays, was one of the maternal aunts of the Messenger of God. She had prayed with him facing both of the qiblahs and had sworn allegiance to him after the manner of women. She asked him for [the life of] Rifa'ah b. Shamwil al-Qurazi, who had come of age. He had taken refuge with her and had previously been one of their acquaintances. She said: "Prophet of God, you are as dear to me as my father and mother! Give me Rifa'ah b. Shamwil, for he has said that he will pray and eat camel meat. He gave him to her, and thus she saved his life.<br>
According to Ibn Ishaq: Then the Messenger of God divided the wealth, wives, and children of the Banu Qurayzah among the Muslims. On that day he made known the shares of horsemen and shares of foot soldiers, and he deducted from these shares the fifth (khums). A horseman received three shares: two shares for the horse and one share for its rider. A foot soldier who had no horse received one share. The cavalry at the battle with the Banu Qurayzah numbered thirty-six horses. It was the first booty (fay') in which shares were allotted and from which the khums was deducted; and according to its precedent (sunnah) and the procedure of the Messenger of God in it divisions of booty took place and precedent was followed in [succeeding] expeditions. However, if a man had horses with him, he appointed shares only for two horses}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 141}}|We gave them some time until their herds had come back from pasture. After they had milked their camels and set them out to rest, we launched our raid. We killed some of them, drove away their camels, and set out to return. Meanwhile, the people appealed for aid from the rest of their tribe. But we moved quickly. Reinforced, the villagers were too powerful for us. But Allah sent clouds from out of the blue, and there was a torrent that no one could cross so we eluded the tribesmen with what we had taken. The battle cry of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah that night was: ‘Kill! Kill! Kill!'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=40-41}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=593}}|According to Ibn Ishaq, the conquest of the Banu Qurayzah took place in the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah or in the beginning of Dhu al-Hijjah. Al-Waqidi, however, has said that the Messenger of God attacked them a few days before the end of Dhu al-Qa'dah. He asserted that the Messenger of God commanded that furrows should be dug in the ground for the Banu Qurayzah. Then he sat down, and 'Ali and al-Zubayr began cutting off their heads in his presence. He asserts that the woman whom the Prophet killed that day was named Bunanah, the wife of al-Hakam al-Qurazi-it was she who had .killed Khallad b. Suwayd by throwing a millstone on him. The Messenger of God called for her and beheaded her in retaliation for Khallad b. Suwayd.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 142}}|The Messenger made peace with them on condition that the Zoroastrians should be required to pay the jizyah tax that one should not marry their women.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=45-46}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=598-599}}|They went back, and I did not leave my place until I saw the horsemen of the Messenger of God coming through the trees. The first of them was al-Akhram al-Asadi) following him came Abu Qatadah al-Ansari, and after him was al-Migdad b. al-Aswad al-Kindi. I took hold of the rein of al-Akhram's horse and said: "Akhram, the men are few. Be on guard against them) don't let them cut you off before the Messenger of God reaches us with his companions." Al-Akhram said, "Salamah, if you believe in God and the Last Day and know that Paradise is real and that the Fire is real, do not stand between me and martyrdom!"<br>
I let him go. He and 'Abd al-Rahman b. 'Uyaynah met. Al-Akhram hamstrung 'Abd al-Rahman's horse, but 'Abd al-Rahman thrust at him with a spear and killed him. 'Abd al-Rahman then shifted onto his horse. Abu Qatadah overtook 'Abd al-Rahman and thrust at him and killed him. 'Abd al-Rahman had hamstrung Abu Qatadah's horse, so Abu Qatadah shifted onto al-Akhram's horse. They left in flight.<br>
According to Salamah: By Him who honored Muhammad, I followed them, running on foot until I could not see any of Muhammad's companions behind me, or even their dust. Before sunset they turned aside into a canyon called Dhu Qarad where there was water to drink, for they were thirsty. They saw me running after them, and I drove them away so that they tasted not a drop of it. Then they went up into the mountain trail of Dhu Athir. One of them turned back to attack me, and I shot him with an arrow that landed in his shoulder blade. I said, "Take that!":
:I am Ibn al-Akwa'!
:Today is the day for the mean [to receive destruction]}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 149}}|Abdallah married a woman but couldn't afford the nuptial gift. He came to the Prophet and asked for his assistance. He said, ‘Go out and spy on the Jusham tribe.' He gave me an emaciated camel and a companion. We set out armed with arrows and swords. We approached the encampment and hid ourselves. I told my companion, ‘If you hear me shout Allahu Akbar and see me attack, you should shout Allah is Greatest and join the fighting.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=48}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=601}}|Resumption of the account of Ibn Isاaq: Salamah b. al-Akwa' was accompanied by a slave of Talbah b. 'Ubaydallah, and with the slave was a horse of Tall}ah's that he was leading. When Salamah went up into al-Wada' Pass, he saw some of [the raiders'] horsemen) so he looked in the direction of Sal' and shouted, "A raid!" Then he set out at full speed after the enemy-he was like a beast of prey. Having overtaken them, he began to turn them away with arrows. When he shot, he would say, "Take that from me"-
:I am Ibn al-Akwa'!
:Today is the day for the mean [to receive destruction].}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 150}}|When their leader, Rifa'ah, came within range, I shot an arrow into his heart. I leaped at him and cut off his head. Then I rushed toward the encampment and shouted, ‘Allahu Akbar!' The families who were gathered there shouted, ‘Save yourself.' They gathered what property they could, including their wives and children. We drove away a great herd of camels and many sheep and goats and brought them to the Messenger. I brought him Rifa'ash's head, which I carried with me. The Prophet gave me thirteen camels from that herd as booty, and I consummated my marriage.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=56}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=610}}<br>See Also Ishaq 493|Many of the Banu al-Mustaliq were wounded on that day. 'Ali b. Abi Talib killed two of them: Malik and his son. The Messenger of God took many captives, and they were divided among all the Muslims. Juwayriyah bt. al-Harith b. Abi Dirar, [who became] the wife of the Prophet, was one of the captives.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 151}}|The Prophet sent Ibn Abi out with a party of sixteen men. They were away for fifteen nights. Their share of booty was twelve camels for each man, each camel was valued in the accounting as being worth ten sheep. When the people they raided fled in various directions, they took four women, including one young woman who was very beautiful. She fell to Abu Qatadah. The Prophet asked Qatadah about her. He said, ‘She came from the spoils.' The Messenger said, ‘Give her to me.' So he gave her to him.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=76-77}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=626-627}}<br>See Also Ishaq 502|Resumption of the account of Ibn 'Abd al-A'la and Ya'qub: 'Urwah said: "This man has offered you a sensible proposal. Accept it, and let me go to him." They said, "Go to him." So 'Urwah went to the Prophet and began speaking to him . The Prophet spoke as he had spoken to Budayl. Then 'Urwah said: "Muhammad, tell me: if you extirpate your tribesmen, have you ever heard of any of the Arabs who destroyed his own race before you? And if the contrary comes to pass, by God I see both prominent people and rabble who are likely to flee and leave you." Abu Bakr said, "Go suck the clitoris of al-Lat! "-al-Lat was the idol of Thaqif, which they used to worship-"Would we flee and leave him?" "Who is this?" asked 'Urwah. They said, "Abu Bakr." 'Urwah said, "By the One who holds my soul in His hand, were it not for a favor you did me for which I have not repaid you, I would answer you."<br>
'Urwah [again] began speaking to the Prophet. As often as he spoke to him, he took hold of his beard. Al-Mughirah b. Shu'bah was standing next to the Prophet with his sword, wearing a mail neck-protector, and whenever Urwah extended his hand toward the Prophet's beard, al-Mughirah struck his hand with the lower end of the scabbard and said, "Take your hand away from his beard!" 'Urwah raised his head and asked, "Who is this?" They said, "Al-Mughirah b. Shu'bah." 'Urwah said, "Treacherous man, am I not trying to rectify your act of treachery?" (During the Time of Ignorance al-Mughirah b. Shu'bah had accompanied some men and killed them and taken their money. Later he had come and accepted Islam. The Prophet had said, "As for your Islam, we accept it; but the money is money of treachery for which we have no need.")}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 153}}|Abdallah Rawahah encouraged the men, saying, ‘By Allah, what you loathe is the very thing you came out to seek—martyrdom. We are not fighting the enemy with number, strength, or multitude, but we are fighting them with this religion with which Allah has honored us. So come on! Both prospects are fine: victory or martyrdom.'|See Also Ishaq 533}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=86-87}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=635}}|While the Messenger of God was writing the document-he and Suhayl b. 'Amr-suddenly Abu Jandal, the son of Suhayl b. 'Amr, came walking with short steps in shackles. He had escaped to the Messenger of God. The companions of the Messenger of God had set out not doubting that they would conquer, because of a vision the Messenger of God had seen. Therefore, when they saw what they saw-the peace, the retreat, and the obligations the Messenger of God had taken on himself-the people felt so grieved about it that they were close to despair. When Suhayl saw Abu Jandal, he went up to him, struck him on the face, and grabbed him by the front of his garment. "Muhammad," he said, "the pact was ratified between me and you before this fellow came to you." "You are right," he replied. Suhayl began pulling and dragging [his son Abu Jandal] by the front of his garment to return him to Quraysh. Abu Jandal began screaming at the top of his voice, "People of the Muslims, shall I be returned to the polytheists for them to torment me for my religion?" This made the people feel even worse. The Messenger of God said: "Abu Jandal, count on a reward, for God will give you and those who are oppressed with you relief and a way out. We have made a treaty and peace between ourselves and these people; we have given them and they have given us a promise, and we will not act treacherously toward them."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 153}}|I ask the Merciful One for a pardon and for a sword blow that makes a wide wound that shoots out foaming blood. For a deadly thrust by a thirsty sword, and a lance that pierces right through the guts and liver. People shall say, when they pass my grave, ‘Allah guided you the right way, O warrior.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=90-91}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=639}}|Abu Bair departed with the two men. When he was at Dhu al-Hulayfah, he sat against a wall, and his two companions sat with him. Abu Bair said, "Is this sword of yours sharp, O tribesman of the Banu 'Amir?" "Yes," he replied. "May I look at it?" he said. "If you wish," he replied. Abu Bair unsheathed it, attacked the man with it, and killed him. The mawla hurried away and came to the Messenger of God while the latter was sitting in the mosque. When the Messenger of God caught sight of him, he said, "This man has seen something fearful." When he reached the Messenger of God, the latter asked, "Alas, what has happened to you?" The man replied, "Your companion killed my companion." By God, while the man was still there, Abu Bair appeared girded with the sword and halted before the Messenger of God, saying: "Messenger of God, your obligation has been fulfilled and has been discharged from you. You surrendered me and returned me to them, but God rescued me from them." The Prophet said: "Woe to his mother! A kindler of war's fire"-Ibn Ishaq, in his account, said "a stirrer up of war"-"if he had men with him!" When Abu Basir heard this, he knew that he would return him to them. So Abu Bair went out and encamped at al-'Is, in the vicinity of Dhu al-Marwah, on the coast of the sea, on the route that Quraysh used to take to Syria. The words that the Messenger of God had spoken to Abu Basir-"Woe to his mother! A stirrer up of war if he had men with him!"-were, reported to the Muslims who were confined in Mecca, and they went out to Abu Basir at al-'Is. Abu Jandal b. Suhayl b. 'Amr escaped and joined Abu Basir. Nearly seventy such men gathered around him, and they harassed Quraysh. By God, whenever they heard of a caravan of Quraysh that had set out for Syria, they intercepted it, killed the men, and took their goods. Quraysh therefore sent to the Prophet, imploring him for the sake of God and the bond of kinship to send word to them that whoever came to him would be safe. So the Messenger of God gave them refuge, and they came to him in Medina.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 171}}|Muhammad said, ‘Woe to the Quraysh! If Allah's Apostle surprises them in their territory and enters Mecca by force, it means the destruction of the Quraysh.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=93-94}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=641-642}}|According to al-Waqidi In this year the Messenger of God dispatched the raiding party of Abu 'Ubaydah b. al-Jarrah to Dhu al-Qassah in the month of Rabi' II with forty men. They traveled through the night on foot and reached Dhu al-Qassah just before dawn. They raided the inhabitants, who escaped them by fleeing to the mountains, and took cattle, old clothes, and a single man. He became a Muslim, and the Messenger of God released him.<br>
In this year a raiding party led by Zayd b. Harithah went to al-Jamum He captured a woman of the Muzaynah named Halimah, who guided them to an encampment of the Banu Sulaym, where they captured cattle, sheep, and prisoners. Among the prisoners was Halimah's husband. When Zayd brought back what he had taken, the Messenger of God granted to the woman of Muzaynah her husband and her freedom. In this year a raiding party led by Zayd b. Harithah went to al-'Is in Jumada I. During it, the property that was with Abu al-'As b. al-Rabi' was taken. He asked the Prophet's daughter Zaynab to grant him refuge, and she did so.<br>
In this year a fifteen-man raiding party led by Zayd b. Harithah went to al-Taraf in Jumada II against the Banu Tha'labah. The Bedouins fled, fearing that the Messenger of God had set out against them. Zayd took twenty camels from their herds. He was away four nights.<br>
In this year a raiding party led by Zayd b. Harithah went to Hisma in Jumada II. According to [al-Waqidi]--Musa b. Muhammad--his father [Muhammad b. Ibrahim], who said: The beginning of this incident was when Dihyah al-Kalbi came back from the court of Caesar, who had presented Dihyah with gifts of merchandise and clothing. When Dihyah reached Hisma, men from Judham intercepted him and robbed him, leaving him with nothing. He came to the Messenger of God even before entering his own house [in Medina] and informed him. The Messenger of God then sent Zayd b. Harithah to Hisma.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 163}}|The Prophet said, ‘I think you will see Abu Sufyan [the leading Meccan merchant] come to strengthen the pact and extend the term.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=96-98}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|pages=642-644}}|Her story is as follows. According to Ibn Humayd- -Salamah--Ibn Ishaq-'Abdallah b. Abi Bakr, who said: The Messenger of God sent Zayd b. Harithah to Wadi al-Qura, where he encountered the Banu Fazarah. Some of his companions were killed there, and Zayd was carried away wounded from among the slain. One of those killed was Ward b. 'Amr, one of the Band Sa'd b. Hudhaym: he was killed by one of the Banu Badr [b. Fazarah]. When Zayd returned, he vowed that no washing [to cleanse him] from impurity should touch his head until he had raided the Fazarah. After he recovered from his wounds, the Messenger of God sent him with an army against the Banu Fazarah. He met them in Wadi al-Qura and inflicted casualties on them. Qays b. al-Musaliliar al-Ya'muri killed Mas'adah b. Hakamah b. Malik b. Badr and took Umm Qirfah prisoner. (Her name was Falimah bt. Rabi'ah b. Badr. She was married to Malik b. Hudhayfah b. Badr. She was very old woman.) He also took one of Umm Qirfah's daughters and 'Abdallah b. Mas'adah prisoner. Zayd b. Harithah ordered Qays to kill Umm Qirfah, and he killed her cruelly. He tied each of her legs with a rope and tied the ropes to two camels, and they split her in two. Then they brought Umm Qirfah's daughter and 'Abdallah b. Mas'adah to the Messenger of God. Umm Qirfah's daughter belonged to Salamah b. 'Amr b. al-Akwa', who had taken her-she was a member of a distinguished family among her people: the Arabs used to say, "Had you been more powerful than Umm Qirfah, you could have done no more." The Messenger of God asked Salamah for her, and Salamah gave her to him. He then gave her to his maternal uncle, Hazn b. Abi Wahb, and she bore him 'Abd al-Ral}man b. Hazn.<br>
The other version of the story of this expedition-from Salamah b. al-Akwa'-is that its commander was Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafah. According to al-Hasan b. Yahya--Abu 'Amir--'Ikrimah b. 'Ammar--Iyas b. Salamah--his father [Salamah b. al-Akwa'], who said: The Messenger of God appointed Abu Bakr as our commander, and we raided some of the Banu Fazarah. When we came near the watering place, Abu Bakr ordered us to halt for a rest. After we prayed the dawn prayer, Abu Bakr ordered us to launch the raid against them. We went down to the watering place, and there we killed some people. I saw a group of people, women and children among them, who had almost outstripped us to the mountain; so I sent an arrow between them and the mountain. When they saw the arrow, they stopped, and I led them back to Abu Bakr. Among them was a woman of the Banu Fazarah wearing a worn-out piece of leather. With her was her daughter, among the fairest of the Arabs. Abu Bakr gave me her daughter as booty. When I returned to Medina, the Messenger of God met me in the market and said, "Salamah-how excellent the father who begot you!-give me the woman." I said, "Messenger of God, I like her, by God, and I have not uncovered her garment." He said nothing to me until the next day, when he met me in the market and said, "Salamah-how excellent a father begot you!-give me the woman." I said: "Messenger of God, I have not uncovered her garment. She is yours, Messenger of God." The Messenger of God sent her to Mecca, and with her he ransomed some Muslim captives who were in the hands of the polytheists. (This version of the story comes from Salamah.)<br>
According to Muhammad b. 'Umar [al-Wagidi]: In this year a raiding party led by Kurz b. Jabir al-Fihri set out against the members of the Banu Uraynah who had killed the herdsman of the Messenger of God and driven off camels in Shawwal of the year 6. The Messenger of God sent Kurz with twenty horsemen.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 164}}|Sufyan went to Abu Bakr and asked him to intercede, but he refused. When Sufyan asked Umar to help [avert war], he replied, ‘No way. By Allah, if I had only ant grubs, I would fight you with them! Ali said, ‘Woe to you, Sufyan. When the Messenger has determined a thing it is useless for anyone to talk to him.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=100}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 2|page=646}}|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri--'Ubaydallah b. 'Abdallah b. 'Utbah b. Masud--'Abdallah b. 'Abbas--Abu Sufyan b. Barb, who said: We were merchant folk. The warfare between us and the Messenger of God had prevented us from journeying, so that our wealth became depleted. After the truce between us and the Messenger of God, we feared that we might not encounter security.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 165}}|When Abu Sufyan reported back to the Quraysh that Muhammad had given him no reply, they said, ‘Woe to you! By Allah, he did no more than play with you.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=116-117}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=9-10}}|Events of the Year 7:<br>
The Expedition to Khaybar:<br>
Then the year 7 began. The Messenger of God set out for Khaybar in the remainder of al-Mubarram, leaving Sibs' b. 'Urfutah al-Ghifari in charge of Medina. He traveled and halted with his army at a valley called al-Raji', encamping between the people of Khaybar and [the tribe of] Ghatafan (according to the account from In Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq) to prevent the latter from aiding the people of Khaybar, for they were going to back them against the Messenger of God.<br>
It has been reported to me that, when Ghatafan heard that the Messenger of God had encamped near Khaybar, they assembled because of him and set out to aid the Jews against him. Having traveled a day's journey, they heard a sound behind them in their possessions and families. Thinking that the enemy had come at them from behind, they turned back and stayed with their families and possessions, leaving the way to Khaybar open to the Messenger of God. The Messenger of God began taking herds and property bit by bit and conquering Khaybar fortress by fortress. The first of their fortresses that he conquered was the fortress of Na'im. Mahmud b. Maslamah was killed at it-a millstone was hurled on him from it and killed him. Next was al-Qamus, the fortress of lbn Abi al-Huqayq. The Messenger of God took some of its people captive, including $afiyyah bt. Huyayy b. Akhtab (the wife of Kinanah b. al-Rabi' b. Abi al-Huqayq) and two daughters of her paternal uncle. The Messenger of God chose Safiyyah for himself. Dihyah al-Kalbi had asked the Messenger of God for Safiyyah; when the latter chose her for himself, he gave Dihyah her two cousins. The captives of Khaybar were divided among the Muslims. Then the Messenger of God began taking the fortresses and property that were closest to him.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--'Abdallah b. Abi Bakr-a member of the Aslam: The Banu Sahm, who were a part of Aslam, came to the Messenger of God and said, "Messenger of God, by God we have been struck by drought and possess nothing." But they found that the Messenger of God had nothing to give them. So the Prophet said: "O God, Thou knowest their condition-that they have no strength and that I have nothing to give them. Open to them [for conquest] the greatest of the fortresses of Khaybar, the one most abounding in food and fat meat." The next morning God opened the fortress of al-Sa'b b. Mu'adh for them [to conquer]. There was no fortress in Khaybar more abounding in food and fat meat than it. After the Messenger of God had conquered some of their fortresses and taken some of the property, they reached their fortress489 of al-Walih and al-Sulalim, which was the last of the fortresses of Khaybar to be conquered. The Messenger of God besieged the inhabitants between thirteen and nineteen nights.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 165}}|There is nothing that you can do to make peace with him.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=123}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=15}}<br>See Also Ishaq:515|The Messenger of God besieged the [Jewish] people of Khaybar in their two fortresses of al-Watib and al-Sulalim. Finally, when they were certain that they would perish, they asked him to banish them and spare their lives, which he did. The Messenger of God had already taken all the property-al-Shiqq, Nalah, al-Katibah, and all their fortresses-except what belonged to those two fortresses. When the people of Fadak heard of what they had done, they sent word to the Messenger of God, asking him to banish them and spare their lives, and they would leave him their property; and he did so. Among the men who mediated between them and the Messenger of God in the matter was Muhayyisah b. Masud, a member of the Banu Harithah. When the  people of Khaybar surrendered on these terms, they asked the Messenger of God to employ them on the properties for a half share. They said, "We know more about them than you and are better cultivators of them." So the Messenger of God made peace with them for a half share, provided that "if we want to make you leave, we may." The people of Fadak made peace with him on similar terms. Khaybar became the booty (fay') of the Muslims; Fadak belonged exclusively to the Messenger of God, because the Muslims had not attacked its people with horses or camels.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 176}}|The Prophet sent out his army in divisions. Zubayr was in charge of the left wing. He was ordered to make an entry with his forces from Kuda. Sa’d was commanded to enter with forces by way of Kada. Allah’s Apostle said, ‘Today is a day for battle and war. Sanctuary is no more. Today the sacred territory is deemed profane [ungodly and sacrilegious].’ When one of the Muhajirs [Emigrants] heard him say this, he warned the Apostle, ‘It is to be feared that you would resort to violence.’ The Prophet ordered Ali to go after him, to take the flag from him, and fight with it himself.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=129-130}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=20-21}}|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq, who said: I asked Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri how the Messenger of God's grant to the Jews of Khaybar of their date palms, when he granted them the palm trees with the proviso of a tax on them, had taken place: did he concede them these terms as established [only] until his death, or for some necessity did he grant them to them without such a proviso? Ibn Shihab informed me that the Messenger of God conquered Khaybar by force after fighting. Khaybar was something that God gave as booty to His Messenger. The Messenger of God took one-fifth of it and divided [the remainder] among the Muslims. Those of the inhabitants who surrendered did so on condition that they should be expelled after having fought. The Messenger of God summoned them and said, "If you wish, we will deliver these properties to you on condition that you shall work them and that their produce shall be divided between us and you) I will allow you to remain as long as God allows you to remain." They accepted, and they worked the properties on those terms. The Messenger of God used to send 'Abdallah b. Rawahah; he would divide the produce and assess it fairly for the inhabitants. After the death of the Prophet, Abu Bakr after the Prophet confirmed the properties in their hands on the same terms of sharecropping on which the Messenger of God had dealt with them. When Abu Bakr died, 'Umar confirmed the sharecropping arrangement in the beginning of his term as commander) then, however, 'Umar was informed that the Messenger of God had said during his final illness, "Two religions cannot coexist in the Arabian peninsula." 'Umar investigated the matter until trustworthy evidence reached him; then he sent to the Jews, saying: "God has given permission for you to be expelled) for I have received word that the Messenger of God said that two religions cannot coexist in the Arabian peninsula. Let anyone who has a treaty from the Messenger of God bring it to me, and I will carry it out for him. Let any Jew who has no treaty from the Messenger of God make ready to leave." Thus 'Umar expelled any of them who had no treaty from the Messenger of God.<br>
According to Abu Ja'far [al-Tabari]: Then the Messenger of God returned to Medina.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 178}}|Muhammad ordered that certain men should be assassinated even if they were found behind the curtains of the Ka'aba. Among them was Abdallah bin Sa'd. The reason that Allah's Messenger ordered that he should be slain was because he had become a Muslim and used to write down Qur'an Revelation. Then he apostatized [rejected Islam].|See Also Ishaq:550}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=133}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=23}}|In this year a raiding party led by Bashir b. Sa'd went to Yumn and Jinab in Shawwal of the year 7. According to [al-Waqidi]--Yaliya b. 'Abd al-'Aziz b. Sa'id--Sa'd b. Ubadah--Bashir b. Muhammad b. 'Abdallah b. Zayd, who said: What prompted this raiding party was that Husayl b. Nuwayrah al-Ashja'i, who had been the guide of the Messenger of God to Khaybar, came before the Prophet. The Prophet asked him, "What news do you bring?" He said, "I left a large gathering of Ghatafan at al-Jinab: 'Uyaynah b. Hisn has summoned them to march against you." So the Prophet summoned Bashir b. Sa'd, and the guide, Husayl b. Nuwayrah, went with him. They captured camels and sheep. A slave belonging to 'Uyaynah b. Hign met them, and they killed him. Then they encountered 'Uyaynah's army, which was put to flight. Al-Harith b. 'Awf met 'Uyaynah as he was fleeing and said, "The time has come, 'Uyaynah, for you to give up what yous plan."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 179}}|Abdallah bin Sa'd fled to Uthman, his brother, who after hiding him, finally surrendered him to the Prophet. Uthman asked for clemency. Muhammad did not respond, remaining silent for a long time. Muhammad explained, ‘By Allah, I kept silent so that one of you might go up to him and cut off his head!' One of the Ansar said, ‘Why didn't you give me a sign?' Allah's Apostle replied, ‘A prophet does not kill by pointing.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=141-142}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=28}}|We gave them time until their herds had come back from pasture in the evening. After they had milked the camels, set them to rest by the watering trough, and had stopped moving around, after the first part of the night had passed, we launched the raid on them. We killed some of them, drove away the camels, and set out to return. Meanwhile, the party carrying the people's appeal for aid set out to the tribe to get help.<br>
We traveled quickly. When we passed by al-Harith b. Malik (Ibn al-Barsa') and his companion, we took him with us. The party summoned to aid the people came at us. They
were too powerful for us. However, when only the bottom of Qudayd Canyon was between us and them, God sent clouds from out of the blue, although we had seen neither rain nor clouds before that, and the result was [a torrent] that no one could risk [crossing]. We saw them looking at us, none of them able to risk it or advance, while we quickly drove off the camels. We took them up to al-Mushallal and then brought them down from it, and we eluded the tribesmen with what we had taken. I shall never forget the rajaz verses that one of the Muslims recited as he was driving the camels from behind:
:Abu al-Qasim refuses to let you remain out all night
:in [pasture] whose plants are moist and luxuriant,
:their tops golden like the color of something gilded.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--a man from Aslam--a shaykh of Aslam: The battle cry of the companions of the Messenger of God that night was "Kill! Kill!"<br>
According to al-Waqidi: The raiding party led by Ghalib b. 'Abdallah consisted of between thirteen and nineteen men.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 179}}|Among those who Muhammad ordered killed was Abdallah bin Khatal. The Messenger ordered him to be slain because while he was a Muslim, Muhammad had sent him to collect the zakat tax with an Ansar and a slave of his.... His girls used to sing a satire about Muhammad so the Prophet ordered that they should be killed along with Abdullah. He was killed by Sa'id and Abu Barzah. The two shared in his blood. One of the singing girls was killed quickly but the other fled. So Umar caused his horse to trample the one who fled, killing her.|See Also Ishaq:550}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=142}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=29}}|The Messenger of God made peace with them on condition that the Zoroastrians should be required [to pay] tax, that their sacrifices should not be eaten, and that one should not marry their women.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 180}}|Also among those eliminated were Ikrimah bin Abu Jahl and Sarah, a slave of one of Abd Muttalib's sons. She taunted Muhammad while he was in Mecca.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=149-151}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=34-36}}|Expeditions Involving Ibn Abi Hadrad and Abu Qatadah:<br>
In Sha'ban of this year the Messenger of God sent out a party of men under the command of Abu Qatadah.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq--Yahya b. Said al-Ansar--Muhammad b. Ibrahim--'Abdallah b. Abi Hadrad al-Aslami, who said: I married a woman from my tribe, promising her a nuptial gift (sadaq) of 200 dirhams. Then I came to the Messenger of God to seek his assistance with my marriage. He said, "How much did you set as the nuptial gift? " I said, "Two hundred dirhams, Messenger of God." "Praise God!" said he, "if you could take dirhams from a creek bed , you could not have gone higher! By God, I have nothing with which to help you."<br>
I waited a few days. Then a man named Rifa'ah b. Qays or Qays b. Rifa'ah from the Banu Jusham b. Mu'awiyah arrived with a large group from Jusham. He encamped at al-Ghabah with his tribesmen and companions, intending to gather [the tribe of] Qays to make war on the Messenger of God. He was a man of name and
standing in [the tribe of] Jusham. The Messenger of God summoned me and two other Muslims and said, "Go out to this man and either bring him to us or bring us a report and information about him." He presented us with an emaciated old camel and mounted one of us on it. By God, it was so weak that it could not stand up with him until the men propped it up from behind with their hands, and then it raised itself, though barely. Then he said, "Make do with her, and take turns riding."<br>
We set out, armed with arrows and swords. We approached the encampment at evening as the sun was setting. I hid myself in one place and commanded my two companions to hide themselves somewhere else near the men's encampment. I told them, "If you hear me shout 'God is greatest!' and attack the encampment, shout 'God is greatest!' and attack with me."<br>
By God, we kept watching for some heedlessness on their part or some way to strike them until night fell over us and the time of the darkness of the night prayer passed. One of their herdsman who had gone out in the area in the morning was late coming back, so that they became worried about him. Their leader, Rifa'ah b. Qays, stood up, took his sword, put [its belt] on his neck, and said: "By God, I am going to follow the tracks of this herdsman of ours. Some evil must have befallen him." Some of his companions said: "By God, do not go. We will take care of it for you." He said, "By God, no one but I shall go." They said, "And we with you!" "By God," he said, "none of you shall follow me !" He set out and passed by me. When he came within range, I shot him with an arrow and put it into his heart. By God, he spoke not a word. I leaped at him and cut off his head. Then I rushed toward the encampment and shouted "God is great!" My two companions rushed and shouted "God is great!" In no time at all, those who were in the encampment were shouting "Save yourself!" and "Quick, quick! " and taking all they could-wives, children, and any property light enough to carry. We drove away a great herd of camels and many sheep and goats and brought them to the Messenger of God. I brought him Rifa'ah's head, which I carried with me. The Messenger of God gave me thirteen camels from that herd as aid, and I consummated my marriage.<br>
As for al-Waqidi, his account is as follows. According to al-Waqidi--Muhammad b. Yahya b. Sahl b. Abi Hathmah--his father [Yahya b. Sahl b. Abi Hathmah]: The Prophet sent Ibn Abi Hadrad in this party with Abu Qatadah. The party consisted of sixteen men, and they were away fifteen nights. Their shares [of booty] were twelve camels [for each man], each camel being accounted equal to ten sheep or goats. When the people fled in various directions, they took four women, including one young woman who was very beautiful. She fell to Abu Qatadah. Then Mahmiyah b. al-Jaz' spoke of her to the Messenger of God, and the Messenger of God asked Abu Qatadah about her. Abu Qatadah said, "I purchased her from the spoils." The Messenger of God said, "Give her to me." So he gave her to him, and the Messenger of God gave her to Mahmiyah b. Jaz' al-Zubaydi.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 181}}|The Messenger ordered six men and four women to be assassinated. One of these women was Hind, who swore allegiance and became a Muslim.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=152-154}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=36-38}}<br>See Also Ishaq 533|The Expedition to Mu'tah:<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq, who said: After the Messenger of God returned to Medina from Khaybar, he stayed in Medina for the two months of Rabi'; then, in Jumada I, he sent out his expedition to Syria whose members met with disaster at Mu'tah.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq Muhammad b. Ja'far b. al-Zubayr--'Urwah b. al-Zubayr, who said: The Messenger of God sent his expedition to Mu'tah in Jumada I of the year 8. He put Zayd b. Harithah in command of the men and said, "If Zayd b. Harithah is killed, Ja'far b. Abi Talib shall be in command of the men; if Ja'far is killed, 'Abdallah b. Rawa^ah shall be in command." The men equipped themselves and made ready to set out. They numbered 3,000. When the time for their departure came, the people said goodbye to the commanders of the Messenger of God, wishing them safety and bidding them farewell. When 'Abdallah b. Rawahah said goodbye with the other commanders of the Messenger of God who were doing so, he wept. They said to him, "What is making you weep, Ibn Rawahah?" He said, "By God, I have no love of this world or excessive love for you, but I heard the Messenger of God recite a verse from the Book of God that mentioned the Fire [of Hell]-'Not one of you there is, but he shall go down to it; that for thy Lord is a thing decreed, determined'-and I do not know how I can come out after going down." The Muslims said, "May God accompany you, defend you, and bring you back to us in good health." Then 'Abdallah b. Rawahah recited:
:But I ask the Merciful One for pardon,
:and for a sword blow that makes a wide wound that shoots out foaming [blood];
:Or a deadly thrust by a thirsty one,
:by a lance that pierces right through the guts and the liver;
:So that people shall say, when they pass my grave:
:"God guided you aright, O warrior who followed the right way."<br>
Then the men made ready to depart. 'Abdallah b. Rawahah went to the Messenger of God and said goodbye to him. The men set out, and the Messenger of God went out to see them off; having bidden them farewell, he returned from them. 'Abdallah b. Rawahah recited:
:May [He who is] Peace supply the place [of the departing ones]
:to a man to whom I bade farewell
:among the palm trees-the best escort and friend!<br>
They journeyed on and encamped at Mu'an in the land of Syria. The men learned that Heraclius had encamped with 100,000 Byzantines at Ma'ab in the territory of al-Balqa'. Joined to him were Arab auxiliaries from [the tribes of] Lakhm, Judham, Balqayn, Bahra', and Bali, numbering 100,000 and commanded by a man from [the tribe of] Bali and of the subdivision Irashah, named Malik b. Rafilah. When the Muslims received word of this, they stayed at Mu'an two nights, considering what to do. They said: "We will write to the Messenger of God and inform him of the number of our enemy. Either he will reinforce us with men or he will give us his command that we should return to him." 'Abdallah b. Rawahah encouraged the men, saying: "Men, by God, what you loathe is the very thing you came out to seek martyrdom. We do not fight the enemy by number, strength, or multitude; we fight them only by this religion with which God has honored us. Go forward, for it is one of two good things: victory or martyrdom." The men said, "By God, Ibn Rawahah has spoken the truth." So the men went forward.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 182}}|Allah had enabled Muhammad to take the persons of the Quraysh by force, giving him power over them so they were his booty. Their lives were now his spoil.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=163-165}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=45-47}}|Then Budayl b. Warqa' set out with a group of men from Khuza'ah. They came to the Messenger of God in Medina and told him what had befallen them and how Quraysh had backed the Banu Bakr against them; then they departed to return to Mecca. The Messenger of God had told them, "I think you will see Abu Sufyan come to strengthen the pact and extend the term." As Budayl b. Warga' and his companions traveled, they met Abu Sufyan at 'Usfan: Quraysh had sent him to the Messenger of God to strengthen the pact and extend the term, for they had become fearful of what they had done. When Abu Sufyan met Budayl, he said, "Where have you come from, Budayl?"-for he guessed that he had gone to the Messenger of God. Budayl said, "I traveled with the Khuza'ah along this shore and along the bottom of this valley." Abu Sufyan asked, "Didn't you go to Muhammad?" "No," he replied.<br>
When Budayl set out for Mecca, Abu Sufyan said, "If in fact he went to Medina, he will have fed his camel date pits there." So he went to the place where his camel had rested, picked up some of its droppings, crumbled them, and saw date pits in them. "I swear by God," he said, "Budayl went to Muhammad!"<br>
Abu Sufyan then set out and went to the Messenger of God in Medina. Abu Sufyan [first] visited his own daughter, Umm Habibah bt. Abi Sufyan. When he was about to sit on the bed of the Messenger of God, she folded it up to stop him. He said, "My daughter, by God, I don't know whether you think I am too good for this bed or you think it is too good for me." She said: "It is the bed of the Messenger of God, and you are an unclean polytheist. I did not want you to sit on the bed of the Messenger of God." He said, "My daughter, by God, evil came over you after you left me."<br>
Then he went out and came to the Messenger of God. He spoke to him, but the Messenger of God gave him no reply. Then he went to Abu Bakr and asked him to speak to the Messenger of God for him, but Abu Bakr said, "I will not do it." Then he went to 'Umar b. al-Khattab and spoke to him. 'Umar said: "I intercede for you with the Messenger of God! By God, if I found only ant grubs [to eat], I would fight you!" Abu Sufyan then left and went to see 'All b. Abi Talib. Fatimah, the daughter of the Messenger of God, was with him, and with her was al-Iiasan b. 'All, a young child crawling before her. Abu Sufyan said: "'All, you are the nearest of the men to me in kinship and the closest of them in relationship. I have come with a request, and I will not go back empty-handed as I came. Intercede for us with the Messenger of God!" He said: "Woe to you, Abu Sufyan. By God, the Messenger of God has determined on a matter about which we cannot speak to him." Abu Sufyan then turned to Fatimah and said, "Daughter of Muhammad, don't you want to command your little son here to make peace among the people, so that he will be lord of the Arabs forever?" "By God," she said, "my little son is not old enough to make peace among the people, and no one can do so against the will of the Messenger of God." Abu Sufyan said [addressing 'Ali]: "Abu al-Hasan, I see that matters have become difficult for me. Give me advice!" 'Ali said to him: "By God, I know of nothing that will be of any use to you. However, since you are the lord of the Banu Kinanah, go and make peace among the people, and then return to your country." Abu Sufyan asked, "Do you think that will be of any use to me? " "No, by God," replied 'Ali, "I do not think so, but I can find nothing else for you to do." So Abu Sufyan stood up in the mosque and said, "People, I hereby make peace among the people." Then he mounted his camel and departed.<br>
When Abu Sufyan came to Quraysh, they asked, "What is your news?" He said: "I went to Muhammad and spoke to him; and, by God, he gave me no reply. Then I went to In Abi Quhafah and got nothing good from him. Then I went to Ibn al-Khattab, whom I found to be the most hostile of them. Then I went to 'Ali b. Abi Talib, whom I found to be the mildest of them. He advised me to do something that I have done, but, by God, I do not know whether it will be of any use tome or not." They asked, "What did he command you?" He replied, "He commanded me to make peace among the people, and I did it." They asked, "Has Muhammad approved it?" No," he said. "Woe to you!" they said. "By God, he did no more than play with you. What you have said is of no use to us." Abu Sufyan replied, "No, by God, I found nothing else to do."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 189}}|Alas for you, Banu Jadimah! It is Khalid. By Allah, after you lay down your weapons, it will be nothing but leather manacles, and after the manacles nothing but the cutting off of heads.' After they had laid down their arms, Khalid ordered that their hands should be tied behind their backs. Then he put them to the sword, smiting their necks, killing them.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|page=171}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=52}}|According to Abu Kurayb--Yunus b. Bukayr--Muhammad b. Ishaq--Husayn b. 'Abdallah b. 'Ubaydallah b. 'Abbas--'Ikrimah-Ibn 'Abbas, who said: When the Messenger of God encamped at Marr al-Zahran, al-'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib said, the Messenger of God having departed from Medina: "Woe to Quraysh! If the Messenger of God surprises them in their territory and enters Mecca by force, it means the destruction of Quraysh forever." So he seated himself on the white mule of the Messenger of God and said, "I will go out to al-Arak; perhaps I shall see a firewood gleaner, or someone bringing milk, or someone coming in who will enter Mecca and inform them where the Messenger of God is, so that they will go to him and ask him for a promise of safety."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 8}}|The Messenger marched with 2,000 Meccans and 10,000 of his Companions who had come with him to facilitate the conquest of Mecca. Thus there were 12,000 in all.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=176-177}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=56}}|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--'Abdallah b. Abi Najih: When the Prophet sent his army in divisions from Dhu Tuwa, he commanded al-Zubayr, who was in charge of the left wing, to make his entry with some of the forces by way of Kuda. He commanded Sa'd b. Ubadah to make his entry with some of the forces by way of Kada'. Some scholars assert that when Sa'd was sent out, he said as he made his entry, "Today is the day of battle) today the sacred territory is deemed profane." Hearing this, one of the Emigrants said: "Messenger of God, hear what Sa'd b. 'Ubadah has said! We fear that he may assault Quraysh." The Messenger of God said to 'Ali b. Abi Talib: "Overtake him, and take the banner. You be the one who takes it in!"}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 18}}|While fighting the Banu Sa'd, Muslim horsemen seized Bijad. They herded his family around him like cattle, and they treated them roughly.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=178-182}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=58-61}}<br>See Also Ishaq:550|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq, who said: When the Messenger of God ordered his commanders to enter Mecca, he charged them to kill no one except those who fought them; however, he gave charge concerning a group of men whom he named: he ordered that they should be killed even if they were found under the curtains of the Ka'bah. Among them was 'Abdallah b. Sa'd b. Abi Sari b. Hubayb b. Jadhimah b. Nasr b. Malik b. Hisl b. 'Amir b. Lu'ayy. The Messenger of God ordered that he should be killed only because he had become a Muslim and then had reverted to being a polytheist. He fled to 'Uthman, who was his foster-brother, and 'Uthman hid him. 'Uthman later brought him to the Messenger of God after the people of Mecca had become calm. He asked the Messenger of God to grant him a promise of safety. The Messenger of God is said to have remained silent for a long time and then to have said yes. After 'Uthman had taken him away, the Messenger of God said to his companions who were around him, "By God, I kept silent so that one of you might go up to him and cut off his head!" One of the Anger said, "Why didn't you give me a signal, Messenger of God? " He replied, "A prophet does not kill by making signs."<br>
Also among them was 'Abdallah b. Khatal, a member of the Banu Taym b. Ghalib. The Messenger of God ordered that he should be killed only for the following reason: He was a Muslim, and the Messenger of God had sent him to collect alms, sending with him one of the Ansar. With him went a mawla of his, also a Muslim, to serve him. He halted at a resting place and commanded the mawla to slaughter him a goat and make him a meal; then he went to sleep. When he woke up, the mawla had done nothing for him; so he attacked him and killed him. Then he reverted to being a polytheist. He had two singing girls, Fartana and another with her. The two used to sing satire about the Messenger of God; so the latter commanded that the two of them should be killed along with him.<br>
Also among them was al-Huwayrith b. Nuqaydh b. Wahb b. 'Abd b. Qusayy. He was one of the men who used to molest the Messenger of God in Mecca.<br>
Also among them was Miqyas b. Subabah. The Messenger of God commanded that he should be killed only because he had killed the member of the Ansar who had killed his brother by mistake and had then returned to Quraysh as a renegade.<br>
Also among them were 'Ikrimah b. Abi Jahl and Sarah, a mawlah of one of the sons of 'Abd al-Muttalib. She was one of those who used to molest the Messenger of God in Mecca. 'Ikrimah b. Abi Jahl fled to Yemen. His wife, Umm Hakim bt. al-Harith b. Hisham, became a Muslim. She asked the Messenger of God to grant `Ikrimah a promise of safety, and he did so. She set out to find him and then brought him to the Messenger of God. `Ikrimah, as people relate, used to say that what brought him back to Islam after his departure for Yemen was-in his own words: I was about to set sail for Ethiopia. When I came to board the ship, its captain said, "Servant of God, do not board my ship until you declare God to be one and repudiate any peers to Him; for I fear that if you do not do so, we shall perish in it." So I asked, "Does no one board until he declares God to be one and repudiates all others?" "Yes," he said, "no one boards until he clears himself." So I asked: Why then should I depart from Muhammad? By God, this is the very message he brought to us: that our God on the sea is [the same as] our God on land! At that moment I came to know Islam, and it entered into my heart.<br>
'Abdallah b. Khalal was killed by Said b. Hurayth al-Makhzumi and Abu Barzah al-Aslami: the two shared in his blood. Miqyas b. Subabah was killed by Numaylah b. 'Abdallah, a man of his own clan. The sister of Miqyas said:
:By my life, Numaylah shamed his clan
:and distressed winter guests by [killing] Miqyas.
:How excellent it was for one to see a man like Miqyas
:in times when no food was prepared even for women in childbirth!<br>
As for Ibn Khatal's two singing girls, one was killed and the other fled. The Messenger of God later was asked to grant her a promise of safety, and he did so. [As for Sarah, he was asked to grant her a promise of safety, and he did so.] She lived until someone in the time of 'Umar b. al-Khattab caused his horse to trample her at al-Abtah and killed her. Al-Huwayrith b. Nuqaydh was killed by 'Ali b. Abi Talib.<br>
According to al-Waqidi: The Messenger of God commanded that six men and four women should be killed. Of the men, [al-Waqidi] mentioned those whom Ibn Ishaq named. The women he mentioned were Hind bt. 'Utbah b. Rabi'ah, who became a Muslim and swore allegiance; Sarah, the mawlah of 'Amr b. Hashim b. 'Abd al-Muttalib b. 'Abd Manaf, who was killed on that day; Quraybah, who was killed on that day; and Fartana, who lived until the caliphate of 'Uthman.<br>
According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq--'Umar b. Musa b. al-Wajih--Qatadah al-Sadusi: Having halted by the door of the Ka'bah, the Messenger of God stood up and said: "There is no god but God alone; He has no partner. He has fulfilled His promise and helped His servant. He alone has put to flight the parties who leagued together. Behold, every alleged claim of hereditary privilege, or blood, or wealth is abolished, except the custodianship of the Ka'bah and the right of supplying water to pilgrims. Behold, the one slain by an error that is like intention, [by] whip or staff-for both cases the blood money shall be made rigorous: [a hundred camels], forty of them with their foals in their wombs. People of Quraysh, God has taken from you the haughtiness of the Time of Ignorance and its pride in ancestors. Mankind is from Adam, and Adam was created from dust." Then the Messenger of God recited: "O mankind, We have created you male and female, and made you nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Surely the noblest among you in the sight of God is the most god-fearing of you"-to the end of the verse. "People of Quraysh and people. of Mecca, what do you think I intend to do with you?" "Good," they said, "[for you are] a generous fellow tribesman and the son of a generous fellow tribesman!" Then he said, "Go, for you are 'those whose bonds have been loosed.'" Thus the Messenger of God emancipated them, although God had enabled him to take their persons by force and they were his booty. Therefore the people of Mecca are known as al-Tulaqa' (Those Whose Bonds Have Been Loosed).}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 20}}|The Messenger and his companions went directly to Ta’if. They encamped there for a fortnight, waging war. The townsfolk fought the Muslims from behind the fort. None came out in the open. All of the surrounding people surrendered and sent their delegations to the Prophet. After besieging Ta’if for twenty days, Muhammad left and halted at Ji’ranah where the captives of Hunayn were held with their women and children. It is alleged that those captives taken numbered six thousand with women and children.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. VIII|ISBN=0-7914-3149-5|year=1997|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Michael Fishbein|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2028/mode/2up|pages=189-190}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=67}}|According to Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--a certain scholar--a man from the Banu Jadhimah, who said: When Khalid commanded us to put down our weapons, one of our men, named Jahdam, said: "Alas for you, Banu Jadhimah! It is Khalid. By God, after you lay down your weapons, it will be nothing but leather manacles, and after leather manacles it will be nothing but the smiting of necks. By God, I will never lay down my weapon!" Some of his fellow tribesmen took him and said: "Jahdam, do you want to cause our blood to be shed? The people have become Muslims. The war has ended, and the people are at peace." The people did not desist from him until they had taken away his weapon and had laid down their weapons because of what Khalid had said.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 22}}|The Prophet continued to besiege the town, fighting them bitterly.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=8}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=73}}|Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq--'Abdallah b. Abi Bakr: The Messenger of God marched with two thousand Meccans and ten thousand of his companions [who had marched with him and] with whose support God had facilitated the conquest of Mecca. Thus they were twelve thousand in all. The Messenger of God placed 'Attab b. Asid b. Abi al-'Is b. Umayyah b. 'Abd
Shams in charge of Mecca [to look after] the men who stayed behind while he proceeded to confront Hawazin.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 25}}|By Allah, I did not come to fight for nothing. I wanted a victory over Ta’if so that I might obtain a slave girl from them and make her pregnant.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|pages=18-19}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=80-81}}|Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--one of the Banu Sa'd b. Bakr: That day, the Messenger of God said to the horsemen whom he sent [in pursuit] that if they could get hold of Bijad, a man from the Banu Sa'd b. Bakr, then they should not let him escape, for he had done something evil. When the Muslims seized him they herded him with his family and his sister al-Shayma' bt. al-Harith b. 'Abdallah b. 'Abd al 'Uzza, foster-sister of the Messenger of God, [like cattle] and treated her roughly. She told the Muslims that she was the foster-sister of the Messenger of God, but they did not believe her until they brought her to the Messenger of God.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 49}}|Muhammad urged the Muslims by way of a meeting to help cover the expenses of Jihad in Allah’s Cause. The men provided mounts in anticipation of Allah’s reward.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|pages=20-21}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=82}}|[The Siege of al-Ta'if:]<br>
'Ali b. Nasr b. 'Ali [al-Jahdami]--'Abd al-Samad b. 'Abd al-Warith--'Abd al-Warith b. 'Abd al-Samad b. 'Abd al-Warith--his father--Aban al-'Altar--Hisham b. 'Urwah-'Urwah: When he had finished at Hunayn, the Messenger of God and his companions went directly to al-'Wa'if and encamped there for a fortnight, waging war against Thaqif. Thaqif fought the Muslims from behind the fort and none came out in the open. All of the surrounding people surrendered and sent their delegations to the Messenger of God. After besieging al-Ta'if for a fortnight, the Prophet left and halted at al-Ji'ranah where the captives of Hunayn were held with their women and children. It is alleged that those captives taken from the Hawazin numbered six thousand with women and children. When he reached al-Ji'ranah, the delegations of Hawazin came to the Prophet and embraced Islam. Therefore, he set all their women and children free and decided to make the lesser pilgrimage (directly[ from al-Ji'ranah. The month was Dhu al-Qa'dah. After that, the Messenger of God returned to Medina, put ['Attab b. Asid] in charge of Mecca, and asked him to perform the greater pilgrimmage with the people and to ensure their safety. [He also left behind with him Mu'adh b. Jabal] to instruct [the people] in Islam. When he reached Medina, the delegations of Thagif arrived, brought the dispute (mentioned earlier) before him, and gave him the oath of allegiance, which consisted of a document that they wrote and signed with him.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 58}}|When the Messenger reached Tabuk the governor of Aylah [a seaport at the north end of the Gulf of Aqabah] came to him, made a treaty, and agreed to pay the jizyah tax. The people of Jarba and Adhruh also offered to pay him the tax.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|pages=22-23}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=83-84}}|Then the Messenger of God went on until he halted near al-Ta'if and pitched his camp there. Some of his companions were killed by arrows, because the camp had been placed very close to the walls of al-Ta'if and the arrows were reaching them. The Muslims were unable to get through its wall, for [the inhabitants] had shut the gate against them . When his comrades were killed by arrows, the Prophet moved to higher ground and pitched his camp near where his mosque stands today. He besieged them for some twenty days. He had two of his wives with him, one of whom was Umm Salamah bt. Abi Umayyah. Al-Waqidi states that the other was Zaynab bt. Jahsh. He pitched two tents for them and prayed between the tents as long as he stayed there. After Thaqif surrendered, `Amr b. Umayyah b. Wahb b. Mu'attib b. Malik built a mosque over the place where the Messenger of God had prayed. There was a column in that mosque about which it is alleged that the sun never rises over it any day without a creaking noise being heard from it. The Messenger of God besieged Thaqif and fought them bitterly. Both sides shot arrows at each other until the day when the wall of al-Ta'if was
stormed (shadkhah). [That day] a number of the Messenger of God's companions went under a testudo and advanced up to the wall [to make a breach in it]. Thaqif showered them with scraps of hot iron, so they came out from under [the testudo], and Thaqif shot them with arrows, killing some of them. The Messenger of God then ordered that the vineyards of Thaqif be cut down, and the men fell upon them, cutting them down.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 64}}|Hatim said, ‘Adi, whatever you were going to do before Muhammad's cavalry descended upon us, do it now, for I have seen the banners of his army.' When the Islamic cavalry left the settlement they took Hatim's daughter along with other captives. She was brought to the Messenger with slaves from Tayyi. He put her in an enclosure by the door of his mosque where the captives were detained.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|pages=25-26}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=85}}|When the people began to move out, Sa'id b. 'Ubayd b. Asid b. Abi 'Amr b. 'Ilaj al-Thaqafi cried out that [al-Ta'if] was holding out [against the siege]. 'Uyaynah b. Hisn responded, "Yes, admirably and nobly! " One of the Muslims said to him, "May God smite you, O 'Uyaynah! Do you praise the polytheists for holding out against the Messenger of God while you [yourself] have come to assist him?" He replied, 'By God, I did not come to fight Thaqif with you, but I wished Muhammad to be victorious over al-Ta'if, so that I might obtain a slave girl from Thaqif whom I might make pregnant so that she might bear me a son, for Thaqif are clever people (manakir)."<br>
At al-Ta'if, twelve of the Messenger of God's companions were martyred, seven from Quraysh, one from Banu Layth , and four from the Ansar.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 69}}|Arabs are the most noble people in lineage, the most prominent, and the best in deeds. We were the first to respond to the call of the Prophet. We are Allah’s helpers and the viziers of His Messenger. We fight people until they believe in Allah. He who believes in Allah and His Messenger has protected his life and possessions from us. As for one who disbelieves, we will fight him forever in the Cause of Allah. '''Killing him is a small matter to us.'''}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=49}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=102}}|The Messenger of God went ahead earnestly with his preparations for the expedition and ordered the men to get ready quickly. He urged and persuaded the people of means [to help in meeting] the expenses and [to provide] mounts for the cause of God. The men of means provided mounts [in anticipation of] God's reward. 'Uthman b. 'Affan spent a huge sum, more than anyone had ever done, on this expedition.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 76}}|Malik has reported to me that you were the first from Himyar to embrace Islam and that you have killed infidels, so rejoice at your good fortune.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=58}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=108}}|When the Messenger of God reached Tabuk, Yuhannah b. Ru'bah, governor of Aylah, came to him, made a treaty with him, and offered him the poll tax [jizyah]. The people of jarbi' and Adhruh also offered him the poll tax, and the Messenger of God wrote a document for each of them which is still in their possession.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 79}}|In this year the zakat was made obligatory, and the Messenger dispatched his agents to collect it. The verse was revealed: ‘Take the zakat from their wealth to purify them.'}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|pages=64-65}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=112-113}}|Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--Shayban b. Sa'd al-Ta'i: It has been reported to me that 'Adi b. Hatim of Tayyi' used to say, "No Arab disliked the Messenger of God when he first heard about him more than I. As far as I was concerned, I was a noble man, a Christian, traveling about among my people and collecting the fourth part of their spoils (mirba) I professed my own religion, and the way I was treated was as if I were a king among my people. When I heard the Messenger of God I disliked him and said to an Arab slave of mine who was herding my camels, 'May you have no father! Prepare for me some docile, fat, and old camels, and keep them near me. When you hear of Muhammad's army treading this country, inform me."' He did that, and one morning he came to me and said, "O 'Adi, whatever you were going to do when Muhammad 's cavalry should descend upon you, do it now, for I have seen banners and when I inquired about them I was told that they were Muhammad's army." I asked him to bring my camels, which he did, and I took my family and children and told him that I would join my fellow Christians in Syria. I traveled to al-Jushiyyah and left one of Hatim's daughters in that settlement. When I reached Syria I stayed there.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 82}}|The Messenger sent Khalid with an army of 400 to Harith [a South Arabian tribe] and ordered him to invite them to Islam for three days before he fought them. If they were to respond and submit, he was to teach them the Book of Allah, the Sunnah of His Prophet, and the requirements of Islam. If they should decline, then he was to fight them.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=69}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=116}}|The Messenger of God said to Thabit b. Qays b. Shammas, a brother of Balharith b. al-Khazraj, "Get up and answer the man's speech." Thabit got up and said: "Praise belongs to God who created heaven and earth and carried out His command therein, and His knowledge encompasses His Throne. Nothing exists but by His bounty. By His power He made us kings and chose the best of His creation as a prophet who is the noblest in lineage, the most truthful in speech, and the best in noble descent. He sent down to him His book and entrusted him with His creatures. He was the chosen one of God from the worlds. Then he summoned people to faith, and the Emigrants from his people and his kinsfolk believed in the Messenger of God. They are the most noble people in lineage, the most prominent, and the best in deeds. Then the first of creation to answer and respond to God when the Messenger of God summoned them were ourselves. We are the Helpers of God and the viziers of His Messenger, and we fight people until they believe in God. He who believes in God and His Messenger has protected his life and possessions [from us]; as for one who disbelieves, we will fight him forever in the cause of God and killing him is a small matter to us. I say this and ask God's forgiveness for myself and the believing men and the believing women. Peace be upon you."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|8|p. 87}}|The Companions of the Prophet had set out not doubting that they would conquer, because of a vision Muhammad had seen. Therefore, when they saw the negotiations for peace, the retreat, and the obligations the Messenger agreed to—the Muslims felt so grieved about it that they were close to despair. Some were depressed to the point of death.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=76}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=121-122}}|"Malik B. Murrah al-Rahawi has reported to me that you were the first from Himyar to embrace Islam and that you have killed the polytheists, so rejoice at your good fortune. I order you to treat Himyar well. Do not be treacherous and do not forsake each other. The Messenger of God is the master of [both] your rich and your poor. Alms are neither lawful to Muhammad nor to his family; it is a purifying tax to be spent on poor Muslims and the wayfarer. Malik has conveyed only the necessary information but has kept [others'] secrets to himself, so I order you to treat him well. I have sent to you some of the most virtuous of my people, the most religious and the most learned, so I order you to treat them well, for he [i.e., Mu'adh b. Jabal] will be accountable for them. May the Peace, Mercy, and Blessings of God be on you."}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 69}}|Killing disbelievers is a small matter to us.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=79}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=123-124}}|Abu Ja'far [al-Tabari]: In this year, alms (al-Sadaqat) were made obligatory, and the Messenger of God dispatched his agents to collect them.<br>
In this year, the following verse was revealed: "Take alms from their wealth to purify them." The reason for its revelation was the story about the affair of Tha'labah b. Hatib mentioned by Abu Amamah al-Bahili.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 88}}|Abdallah Azdi came to the Messenger, embraced Islam, and became a good Muslim. Allah’s Apostle invested Azdi with the authority over those who had surrendered and ordered him to fight the infidels from the tribes of Yemen. Azdi left with an army by the Messenger’s command. The Muslims besieged them for a month. Then they withdrew, setting a trap. When the Yemenites went in pursuit, Azdi was able to inflict a heavy loss on them.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|pages=82-83}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=126}}|The Events of the Year 10:<br>
Abu Ja'far [al-Tabari]: In this year, in the month of Rabi' II (it is said in the month of Rabi' I, or in Jumada I), the Messenger of God sent Khalid b. al-Walid with an army of four hundred to the Bann al-Harith b. Ka'b.<br>
Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Ibn Ishaq--'Abdallah b. Abi Bakr: The Messenger of God sent Khalid b. al-Walid in the month of Rabi' II, or Jumada I, in the year 10/631 to the Balharith b. Ka'b in Najran, and ordered him to invite them to Islam for three days before he fought them. If they should respond to him.[with the acceptance of Islam], then he was to accept it from them, and to stay with them and teach them the Book of God, the sunnah of His prophet, and the requirements of Islam (ma'alim al-islam); if they should decline, then he was to fight them. Khalid departed and came to them, sending out riders in every direction inviting them to Islam and saying, "O people, accept Islam, and you will be safe." So they embraced Islam and responded to his call. Khalid stayed with them, teaching them Islam, the Book of God, and the sunnah of His prophet,}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 115}}|The military expeditions (Ghazawat) in which the Messenger personally participated were twenty-six. Some say there were twenty-seven.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=88}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=130}}|Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--'Abdallah b. Abi Bakr: Surad b. 'Abdallah al-Azdi came to the Messenger of God with the deputation from al-Azd, embraced Islam, and became a good Muslim. The Messenger of God invested him with authority over those of his people who had embraced Islam and ordered him to fight the polytheists from the tribes of the Yemen with them. Surad b. 'Abdallah then left with an army by the Messenger of God's command and alighted at Jurash, which at that time was a closed city inhabited by Yemeni tribes. Khath'am had sought refuge with them, and when they heard that the Muslims were marching they shut themselves in it. The Muslims besieged them for about a month but the tribes refrained from coming out of the city. Surad withdrew from them, appearing to return. While he was near a mountain called Kashar, the inhabitants of Jurash, thinking that he had fled from them, came out in pursuit of him. When they overtook him he turned on them and inflicted a heavy loss on them.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 118}}|The armies and raiding parties sent by the Messenger of Allah between the time he came to Medina and his death (ten years) was forty-eight.}}
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|pages=115-116}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=152}}|Abu Ja'far [al-Tabari]: The military expeditions (ghazawat) in which the Messenger of God personally participated were twenty-six. Some say that they were twenty-seven. Those who maintain the number as twenty-six count the Prophet's expedition to Khaybar and the expedition from there to Wadi al-Qura as one, because after accomplishing the victory he did not return from Khaybar to his abode but marched from there to Wadi al-Qura. Those who say that [the expeditions] were twenty-seven count the Khaybar expedition as one and the Wadi al-Qura expedition as another, making the number as twenty-seven.}}


{{Quote|{{Tabari|9|p. 121}}|When it was feasible for me, I struck him with my sword and killed him. Then I departed, leaving his women to throw themselves at him. When I returned to the Prophet, he asked, ‘Is your mission accomplished?' ‘Yes. I have killed him.'}}<!-- FOR FUTURE ADDITIONS:
{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|pages=121-122}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|pages=156-157}}|Ibn Humayd--Salamah--Muhammad b. Ishaq--Muhammad b. Ja`far b. al-Zubayr--`Abdallah b. Unays: The Messenger of God called me and said, "It has reached me that Khalid b. Sufyan b. Nubayb al-Hudhali is gathering a force to attack me. He is either in Nakhlah or `Uranah, so go to him and kill him." I replied, "O Messenger of God, describe him to me so that I might know him." He said, "When you see him he will remind you of Satan. [A sure] sign between you and him is that when you see him you will feel a shudder." I went out, girding on my sword, until I came to him while he was in howdah with the women, seeking a halting place for them at the time for afternoon prayer. When I saw him I found him to be as the Messenger of God had described. I advanced toward him, but fearing that there might be acrimony between me and him which would distract me from the prayer, I prayed, making gestures with my head as I walked toward him. When I got to him he asked who I was, and I replied, "An Arab who has come to you because he has heard about you and your gathering [a force] against this fellow [i.e., Muhammad]." He said, "Yes, I am doing that." I walked a short distance with him and when it was feasible for me I struck him with my sword and killed him. Then I departed, leaving his women to throw themselves at him. When I came to the Messenger of God and greeted him, he looked at me and asked, "Is the objective accomplished?" I replied, "I have killed him." "You have said the truth," he replied. Then he stood up and went"' into his house and gave me a stick, saying, "Keep this stick with you O `Abdallah b. Unays." When I went out with it the people asked me what that stick was. I told them that the Messenger of God had given it to me and asked me to keep it with me. They told me to go back to him and ask him the reason for that. So I went back to him and said, "O Messenger of God, why did you give me this stick?" He replied, "[As a] sign between me and you on the day of resurrection. There will be a few men at that time who will carry sticks tied to their waists (al-mutakhassirun)." `Abdallah, therefore, fastened the stick to his sword, where it remained with him until his death, when he ordered that it should be fastened to his body with the shroud and buried with him.}}{{Quote|{{citation|title=The History of al-Tabari|trans_title=Ta’rikh al-rusul wa’l-muluk|volume=vol. IX|ISBN=0-88706-691-7|year=1990|publisher=SUNY Press|author=al-Tabari (d. 923)|editor=Ismail K. Poonawala|url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryAlTabari40Vol/History_Al-Tabari_10_Vol/page/n2267/mode/2up|page=123}}<br>{{citation|title=تاريخ الرسل والملوك|author=أبو جعفر الطبري|url=https://app.turath.io/book/9783|publisher=al-Maktabah al-Shamilah|volume=vol. 3|page=158}}|Al-Harith b. Muhammad-Ibn Sad-Muhammad b. 'Umar: The armies and the raiding parties sent by the Messenger of God [between the time of his arrival in Medina and his death] were forty-eight.}}<!-- FOR FUTURE ADDITIONS:
==Sahih Bukhari==
==Sahih Bukhari==
==Sahih Muslim== -->
==Sahih Muslim== -->
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[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Jihad]]
[[Category:Jihad]]
[[ar:القرآن_والحديث_والعلماء:_محمد_والجهاد_في_سبيل_الله]]
[[fr:Coran, hadiths et savants : Mohammed et le Jihad]]
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