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Rashad Khalifa: Difference between revisions
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{{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=3|Content=2|Language=4|References=3}}{{Infobox Person|name=Rashad Khalifa (رشاد خليفة)|image=RashadK2.jpg|birth_date=November 19, 1935|birth_place=Egypt|death_date=January 31, 1990 (aged 54)|death_place=Tucson, Arizona, U.S.|death_cause=Assassinated by former student|occupation=Biochemist, numerologist|notable_works=''Miracle of the Quran: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets'',<br>''The Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World'',<br>''Visual Presentation of the Miracle''}} | {{QualityScore|Lead=2|Structure=3|Content=2|Language=4|References=3}}{{Infobox Person|name=Rashad Khalifa (رشاد خليفة)|image=RashadK2.jpg|birth_date=November 19, 1935|birth_place=Egypt|death_date=January 31, 1990 (aged 54)|death_place=Tucson, Arizona, U.S.|death_cause=Assassinated by former student|occupation=Biochemist, numerologist|notable_works=''Miracle of the Quran: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets'',<br>''The Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World'',<br>''Visual Presentation of the Miracle''}} | ||
'''Rashad Khalifa''' (رشاد خليفة; November 19, 1935–January 31, 1990) was an Egyptian-American biochemist, closely associated with the United Submitters International, which promoted a heterodox [[Quranism|Quranist]] interpretation of Islam. Khalifa was responsible for popularizing the theory that the [[Qur'an|Quran]] is replete with [[Word Count Miracles in the Qur'an|numerological]] [[Islam and Miracles|miracles]] related to the number 19. He was [[List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|assassinated]] by | '''Rashad Khalifa''' (رشاد خليفة; November 19, 1935–January 31, 1990) was an Egyptian-American biochemist, closely associated with the United Submitters International, which promoted a heterodox [[Quranism|Quranist]] interpretation of Islam. Khalifa was responsible for popularizing the theory that the [[Qur'an|Quran]] is replete with [[Word Count Miracles in the Qur'an|numerological]] [[Islam and Miracles|miracles]] related to the number 19. He was [[List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad|assassinated]] by his former student Glen Cusford Francis (a.k.a. Benjamin Philips), a traditionalist radical, on January 31, 1990. | ||
==Personal life, education, and career== | ==Personal life, education, and career== | ||
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To promote his religious sect, Khalifa founded the United Submitters International (USI) and opened a Mosque in Tucson, Arizona (ICS Masjid Tucson).<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.masjidtucson.org/|title=ICS / Masjid Tucson Website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523163436/https://www.masjidtucson.org/}}</ref> | To promote his religious sect, Khalifa founded the United Submitters International (USI) and opened a Mosque in Tucson, Arizona (ICS Masjid Tucson).<ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.masjidtucson.org/|title=ICS / Masjid Tucson Website|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523163436/https://www.masjidtucson.org/}}</ref> | ||
=== Publications === | ===Publications=== | ||
Khalifa authored several books promoting his views during his lifetime, including | Khalifa authored several books promoting his views during his lifetime, including: | ||
* ''Miracle of the Quran: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets'', Islamic Productions, St. Louis, Missouri, 1973. | *''Miracle of the Quran: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets'', Islamic Productions, St. Louis, Missouri, 1973. | ||
* ''The Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World'', Renaissance Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981. | *''The Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World'', Renaissance Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981. | ||
* ''Qur'an: The Final Scripture'', Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981. | *''Qur'an: The Final Scripture'', Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1981. | ||
* ''Qur'an: Visual Presentation of the Miracle'', Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1982. | *''Qur'an: Visual Presentation of the Miracle'', Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1982. | ||
* ''Qur'an, Hadith and Islam'', Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1982. | *''Qur'an, Hadith and Islam'', Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1982. | ||
* ''Qur'an: The Final Testament'', Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1989. | *''Qur'an: The Final Testament'', Islamic Productions, Tucson, Arizona, 1989. | ||
==The Rashad Khalifa verses== | ==The Rashad Khalifa verses== | ||
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==Assassination== | ==Assassination== | ||
=== The killing === | |||
On January 31, 1990, Rashad Khalifa was found dead, having been stabbed multiple times, inside the mosque he founded in Tucson Arizona. Initially, a man by the name of James Williams was convicted for conspiracy in the killing of Khalifa. Williams was an alleged member of the terrorist Jamaat ul-Furqa organization. Williams, however, disappeared on the day of his sentencing in 1994, only to be apprehended in 2000 and sentenced, this time, to 69 years in prison. | |||
19 years after the murder, in 2009, 52-year-old Glen Cusford Francis (a.k.a. Benjamin Phillips) was arrested on suspicion of having killed Khalifa. Following arrest, Philips was extradited from Canada to the United States, where he was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. Philips had been a student of Rashad Khalifa starting in January 1990 and disappeared after the killing. His arrest came about when his two identities were understood to belong to the same person. | |||
===Celebration of assassination by mainstream western clerics=== | ===Celebration of assassination by mainstream western clerics=== | ||