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Dhimma: Difference between revisions
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==Dhimmitude== | ==Dhimmitude== | ||
Scholar Bat Ye'or see the social rules, restrictions, and customs originating in and evolving from the dhimmah as producing a state of what she calls Dhimmitude in the subject peoples. This fearful state was characterized by obedience to the dhimmis' Muslim masters, acceptance of the assumptions underlying the dhimmah (about such things as the superiority of Islam), | Scholar Bat Ye'or see the social rules, restrictions, and customs originating in and evolving from the dhimmah as producing a state of what she calls Dhimmitude in the subject peoples. This fearful state was characterized by obedience to the dhimmis' Muslim masters, acceptance of the assumptions underlying the dhimmah (about such things as the superiority of Islam), behavior which sought to mollify and please the dhimmis' Muslim masters, and inter-dhimmi rivalry, bigotry and even bloodshed aimed at securing a more favored position vis-a-vis the Muslim ummah. In her book ''Understanding Dhimmitude'' she offers the following characteristics of Dhimmitude: | ||
{{Quote|Ye'or, Bat ''Understanding Dhimmitude'' RVP Publishers, New York, New York, USA, 2013, 95| | {{Quote|Ye'or, Bat ''Understanding Dhimmitude'' RVP Publishers, New York, New York, USA, 2013, 95| | ||
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The dhimmis are not to be reduced to slavery, but their economic output is to be harvested by the Muslims through the jizyah and the kharaaj and the other taxes and duties imposed on them, as well as through corvees or forced labor. | The dhimmis are not to be reduced to slavery, but their economic output is to be harvested by the Muslims through the jizyah and the kharaaj and the other taxes and duties imposed on them, as well as through corvees or forced labor. | ||
By vilification, Ye'or refers to the rituals, rules, laws, and regulations of the dhimma which are meant to humiliate the dhimmi and his religion, thus Ye'or brings the examples of the legal status of dhimmis vis-a-vis Muslims in the Islamic polity. Dhimmis were not allowed to hit or strike a Muslim, even in defense, and even in situations where their life was threatened by the Muslim; furthermore, in cases of criminal import, their testimony was inadmissible in Muslim courts; in fact in such cases dhimmis were often forced to buy the testimony of Muslims for the sake of their defense. These stipulations were meant to humiliate and vilify the conquered people, thus pushing them inexorably to convert to Islam throughout the ages. | By vilification, Ye'or refers to the rituals, rules, laws, and regulations of the dhimma which are meant to humiliate the dhimmi and his religion, thus Ye'or brings the examples of the legal status of dhimmis vis-a-vis Muslims in the Islamic polity. Dhimmis were not allowed to hit or strike a Muslim, even in defense, and even in situations where their life was threatened by the Muslim; furthermore, in cases of criminal import, their testimony was inadmissible in Muslim courts<Ref> Ye'or, Bat ''Understanding Dhimmitude'' RVP Publishers, New York, New York, USA, 2013, 95</Ref>; in fact in such cases dhimmis were often forced to buy the testimony of Muslims for the sake of their defense <Ref> Ye'or, Bat ''The Dhimmi'' Associated University Press, Cranbury, New Jersey, USA, 1985, 56</Ref>. These stipulations were meant to humiliate and vilify the conquered people, thus pushing them inexorably to convert to Islam throughout the ages. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||