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User:Lehrasap/Sandbox 1: Difference between revisions
→Combination of Halala + Wife Beating + Wife not having the right to get her freedom through divorce
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==Halala Ruling didn't come from Hadith/Fiqh, but directly from Quran== | ==Halala Ruling didn't come from Hadith/Fiqh, but directly from Quran== | ||
Halala is not a Hadith/Fiqh discussion, but a 'Unanimous Ruling', which came from the Quran directly:{{Quote|{{Quran|2|230}}|If a man divorces her again (a third time), she becomes unlawful for him (and he cannot remarry her) until she has married another man. Then if he divorces her there is no harm if the two unite again (by remarrying)}}Therefore, no Muslim jurist | Halala is not a Hadith/Fiqh discussion, but a 'Unanimous Ruling', which came from the Quran directly:{{Quote|{{Quran|2|230}}|If a man divorces her again (a third time), she becomes unlawful for him (and he cannot remarry her) until she has married another man. Then if he divorces her there is no harm if the two unite again (by remarrying)}}Therefore, no Muslim jurist ever denied Halala. The only difference occurs in the secondary issue, i.e.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211015212018/https://www.aliftaa.jo/QuestionEn.aspx?QuestionId=28134%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81 Differences in Fiqh Rulings about Halala] </ref>: | ||
*Hanafi and Shafi'i Fiqhs allow a woman to marry a 2nd man with the 'intention' of taking divorce later, and to remarry her first husband. That is why, we see 'Halala Centers' in the Islamic countries, and even in the western countries too where Muslim population resides. | *Hanafi and Shafi'i Fiqhs allow a woman to marry a 2nd man with the 'intention' of taking divorce later, and to remarry her first husband. That is why, we see 'Halala Centers' in the Islamic countries, and even in the western countries too where Muslim population resides. | ||
*While Hanbali and Maliki Fiqhs don't allow such marriage with the intention of later taking Talaq. In this case, all the doors are shut for a woman to reunite her children and the former husband. | *While Hanbali and Maliki Fiqhs don't allow such marriage with the intention of later taking Talaq. In this case, all the doors are shut for a woman to reunite her children and the former husband. | ||
== | == Halala was a practice of the pre-Islamic era of Ignorance == | ||
The process of Halala brings a lot of shame for a Muslim woman in an Islamic society, and people don't look good at the women who undergo the Halala process. But still many divorced Muslim women still wish (or even feel themselves compelled) to undergo the shameful process of Halala and to reunite with the ex-husband. | Dr. Jawad Ali wrote: | ||
{{Quote|[https://web.archive.org/web/20211219162614/https://al-maktaba.org/book/7299/3369 Dr. Jawad Ali, in his book "Detailed in the history of the Arabs before Islam" كتاب المفصل فى تاريخ العرب قبل الإسلام [جواد علي] ]|ويظهر أن الجاهليين كانوا قد أوجدوا حلًّا لهذا الطلاق الشاذ، فأباحوا للزوج أن يرجع زوجه إليه بعد الطلاق الثالث، ولكن بشرط أن تتزوج بعد وقوع الطلاق الثالث من رجل غريب، على أن يطلقها بعد اقترانها به، وعندئذ يجوز للزوج الأول أن يعود إليها بزوج جديد.</br>It is apparent that the people from the era of Ignorance found a way to make their wives permissible (Halal) for them even after 3 divorces. Therefore, if the husband wanted to take her back, then that woman had to marry a stranger man on the condition that he would divorce her later. After this process had been completed (i.e. the divorce from the stranger), then the first husband was allowed to remarry her.}} | |||
Thus: | |||
* Muhammad also continued with this practice of Halala after the arrival of Islam, | |||
* But he introduced one exception i.e. "the precondition at the time of Nikah to later giving her divorce" was prohibited by Muhammad. | |||
* This means, if the other man now wishes, then he could refuse to divorce her and keep her for himself. | |||
* All 4 Sunni Fiqhs are unanimous that such a precondition of later giving divorce, at the time of Nikah with other man is void. | |||
* Although, such precondition is not allowed, but Hanafi and Shafi'i Fiqhs allow to marry with the "intention" of divorce later (without putting any pre-condition)<ref name=":1" />. | |||
==Muslim women still feeling themselves compelled to go back to their ex-husbands despite the shameful and risky process of Halala== | |||
The process of Halala brings a lot of shame and risk for a Muslim woman in an Islamic society, and people don't look good at the women who undergo the Halala process. But still many divorced Muslim women still wish (or even feel themselves compelled) to undergo the shameful process of Halala and to reunite with the ex-husband. | |||
The reasons are as under. | The reasons are as under. | ||
=== First Reason: She still loves her ex-husband despite the temporary anger === | ===First Reason: She still loves her ex-husband despite the temporary anger=== | ||
According to the human nature: | According to the human nature: | ||
* Humans have both love and anger in their nature. | *Humans have both love and anger in their nature. | ||
* And humans are prone to make 'temporary' mistakes in their anger. | *And humans are prone to make 'temporary' mistakes in their anger. | ||
* What if a husband pronounces 3 times Talaq to his wife in the state of anger? | *What if a husband pronounces 3 times Talaq to his wife in the state of anger? | ||
* Will the husband now get no chance to correct his temporary mistake? | *Will the husband now get no chance to correct his temporary mistake? | ||
* Does this temporary mistake really ends all the love between them? | *Does this temporary mistake really ends all the love between them? | ||
* According to the human nature, it is certainly possible for a woman to still love her ex-husband and vice versa despite the divorce. | *According to the human nature, it is certainly possible for a woman to still love her ex-husband and vice versa despite the divorce. | ||
The point of view of the Islam critics is: | The point of view of the Islam critics is: | ||
* Their "mutual love" and "mutual consent" should be the reason enough to allow them to remarry. | *Their "mutual love" and "mutual consent" should be the reason enough to allow them to remarry. | ||
* Actually, if they are willing to reunite, then they must be strongly "encouraged and supported", while this is more beneficial for their children too, otherwise the family life of the children is destroyed. | *Actually, if they are willing to reunite, then they must be strongly "encouraged and supported", while this is more beneficial for their children too, otherwise the family life of the children is destroyed. | ||
* And any prohibition upon their reuniting is against the human nature, and illogical and brings only unnecessary hardships in their lives and in the lives of their children. | *And any prohibition upon their reuniting is against the human nature, and illogical and brings only unnecessary hardships in their lives and in the lives of their children. | ||
=== Second Reason: Preserving the family life for their children === | ===Second Reason: Preserving the family life for their children=== | ||
In case of divorce: | In case of divorce: | ||
* Both partners have to live separately, | *Both partners have to live separately, | ||
* And thus the children are also separated either from the father or from the mother. | *And thus the children are also separated either from the father or from the mother. | ||
* In both cases, the family life of the children is destroyed. | *In both cases, the family life of the children is destroyed. | ||
* Therefore, for the sake of their children, and in order to provide them with the love of their fathers in a family life under one roof, many divorced Muslim women wish to return to their ex-husbands later. | *Therefore, for the sake of their children, and in order to provide them with the love of their fathers in a family life under one roof, many divorced Muslim women wish to return to their ex-husbands later. | ||
=== Third Reason: Islamic Ruling that a all the children will be separated from the mother, if she marries any other man (except for her ex-husband) === | ===Third Reason: Islamic Ruling that a all the children will be separated from the mother, if she marries any other man (except for her ex-husband)=== | ||
Halala Ruling does not effect the life of a divorced woman alone, but it works with another Islamic Ruling which says that<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210606140409/https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/182019/why-a-wife-loses-custody-of-her-children-in-case-she-remarries Woman looses the custody of children if she remarries. www.Islamweb.net Fatwa Site.] </ref>: | Halala Ruling does not effect the life of a divorced woman alone, but it works with another Islamic Ruling which says that<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210606140409/https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/182019/why-a-wife-loses-custody-of-her-children-in-case-she-remarries Woman looses the custody of children if she remarries. www.Islamweb.net Fatwa Site.] </ref>: | ||
* A woman will loose all of her children and they are separated from her if she marries any other man (except for her ex-husband). | *A woman will loose all of her children and they are separated from her if she marries any other man (except for her ex-husband). | ||
* Islamic Logic is that all the time of the wife (except of the prayers) belong to the new husband. He could call her for sexual enjoyment at any time. But if children from the first husband are still there, then it hampers the right of 2nd husband to enjoy her. Thus, the children should be separated from her if she decides to remarry another person. | *Islamic Logic is that all the time of the wife (except of the prayers) belong to the new husband. He could call her for sexual enjoyment at any time. But if children from the first husband are still there, then it hampers the right of 2nd husband to enjoy her. Thus, the children should be separated from her if she decides to remarry another person. | ||
Thus, all the divorced Muslim mothers are badly affected and they are in a hard rock and hard place due to the "combination" of these 2 "Islamic Rulings". They are practically "compelled" to choose one of the lesser evil from the 3 options below: | Thus, all the divorced Muslim mothers are badly affected and they are in a hard rock and hard place due to the "combination" of these 2 "Islamic Rulings". They are practically "compelled" to choose one of the lesser evil from the 3 options below: | ||
# Their first option is to choose to stay with their children, but the evil for them is that they have to give away their right to remarry any other man. In an Islamic society, it is very difficult for a woman to survive alone. She has to face a lot of restrictions (like taking Hijab and not to make interaction with men). Thus, her life becomes really difficult to go outside of house, and then to find a good job, and then to work whole day there, and at the same time to look after her small children at home too. Thus, the easiest way for a divorced woman to survive in an Islamic society, is to remarry and get the support of another man. | #Their first option is to choose to stay with their children, but the evil for them is that they have to give away their right to remarry any other man. In an Islamic society, it is very difficult for a woman to survive alone. She has to face a lot of restrictions (like taking Hijab and not to make interaction with men). Thus, her life becomes really difficult to go outside of house, and then to find a good job, and then to work whole day there, and at the same time to look after her small children at home too. Thus, the easiest way for a divorced woman to survive in an Islamic society, is to remarry and get the support of another man. | ||
# Their second option is to marry another man of their choice, in order to get the financial support and love from him. But the evil for them in this option is that all their children will be separated from them. And it is one of the most horrible thing for any mother to loose any or all of her children. | #Their second option is to marry another man of their choice, in order to get the financial support and love from him. But the evil for them in this option is that all their children will be separated from them. And it is one of the most horrible thing for any mother to loose any or all of her children. | ||
# Their third option is to remarry their ex-husband. In this case, they will get the financial support of a man, and children will also not be separated from them, and actually the it is best in the interest of a the children to stay under one roof in a family life with their mother and father. That is why, many divorced Muslim mothers feel themselves compelled to desire for Halala, despite it being a shameful process for them to allow other man to play with their bodies against their wish. | #Their third option is to remarry their ex-husband. In this case, they will get the financial support of a man, and children will also not be separated from them, and actually the it is best in the interest of a the children to stay under one roof in a family life with their mother and father. That is why, many divorced Muslim mothers feel themselves compelled to desire for Halala, despite it being a shameful process for them to allow other man to play with their bodies against their wish. | ||
==Risks, that are involved in Halala for a woman== | ==Risks, that are involved in Halala for a woman== | ||
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The combination of all three of them in action is found in the following Hadith:{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||5825|darussalam}}|Rifa`a divorced his wife whereupon `AbdurRahman bin Az-Zubair Al-Qurazi married her. `Aisha said that the lady (came), wearing a green veil (and complained to her (Aisha) of her husband '''and showed her a green spot on her skin caused by severe beating)'''. It was the habit of ladies to support each other, so when Allah's Apostle came, `Aisha said, ''' "I have not seen any woman suffering as much as the believing women (i.e. men were not beating their wives so brutally during the era of ignorance as they beat after Islam). Look! Her skin is greener than her clothes!" '''When `AbdurRahman heard that his wife had gone to the Prophet, he came with his two sons from another wife. She said, "By Allah! I have done no wrong to him but '''he is impotent''' and is as useless to me as this," holding and showing the fringe of her garment, `Abdur-Rahman said, "By Allah, O Allah's Apostle! She has told a lie! I am very strong and can satisfy her but she is disobedient '''and wants to go back to Rifa`a (i.e. the first husband)'''." Allah's Apostle said, to her,''' "If that is your intention, then know that it is unlawful for you to remarry Rifa`a unless `Abdur-Rahman has had sexual intercourse with you'''." Then the Prophet (ﷺ) saw two boys with `Abdur- Rahman and asked (him), "Are these your sons?" On that `AbdurRahman said, "Yes." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You claim what you claim (i.e.. that he is impotent)? But by Allah, these boys resemble him as a crow resembles a crow,"}}Therefore: | The combination of all three of them in action is found in the following Hadith:{{Quote|{{Bukhari|||5825|darussalam}}|Rifa`a divorced his wife whereupon `AbdurRahman bin Az-Zubair Al-Qurazi married her. `Aisha said that the lady (came), wearing a green veil (and complained to her (Aisha) of her husband '''and showed her a green spot on her skin caused by severe beating)'''. It was the habit of ladies to support each other, so when Allah's Apostle came, `Aisha said, ''' "I have not seen any woman suffering as much as the believing women (i.e. men were not beating their wives so brutally during the era of ignorance as they beat after Islam). Look! Her skin is greener than her clothes!" '''When `AbdurRahman heard that his wife had gone to the Prophet, he came with his two sons from another wife. She said, "By Allah! I have done no wrong to him but '''he is impotent''' and is as useless to me as this," holding and showing the fringe of her garment, `Abdur-Rahman said, "By Allah, O Allah's Apostle! She has told a lie! I am very strong and can satisfy her but she is disobedient '''and wants to go back to Rifa`a (i.e. the first husband)'''." Allah's Apostle said, to her,''' "If that is your intention, then know that it is unlawful for you to remarry Rifa`a unless `Abdur-Rahman has had sexual intercourse with you'''." Then the Prophet (ﷺ) saw two boys with `Abdur- Rahman and asked (him), "Are these your sons?" On that `AbdurRahman said, "Yes." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "You claim what you claim (i.e.. that he is impotent)? But by Allah, these boys resemble him as a crow resembles a crow,"}}Therefore: | ||
*Either this Sahabia lady (i.e. female companion) was telling a lie about the impotency of her husband (and that too in front of Prophet Muhammad himself), or her 2nd husband was telling a lie when he claimed to not to be impotent. | |||
*Muhammad later declared that female companion to be a lair, due to 2 sons of that man from another wife. | |||
*So, what compelled that female companion to come up with this lie of impotency of her husband? Answer is, in this rare case of impotency, she has a chance to get her freedom through an Islamic court. Here you could read about these rare cases, where an Islamic court could give freedom to the women through [https://wikiislam.net/wiki/Khul%27#Faskh_.D9.81.D8.B3.D8.AE_.28i.e._dissolution_of_marriage.29.2C_and_the_unilateral_women.27s_sufferings: Faskh (i.e. dissolution of marriage)]. | |||
*But such false charges and disputes are only going to destroy the peace in the house, and no one could live happily in such an environment. | |||
*And if a Sahabia (female companion) lady was unable to control over her love and desire for the 1st husband, and if she was ready to come up with false slanders to achieve her desire, then it could not be expected from the women of today to not to love their ex-husbands and not to make such false moves in order to achieve their true desires. | |||
Moreover: | |||
*Firstly, according to this hadith, the husband beat her so brutally that her skin became green (she got bruises), but she was still unable to get freedom from him (through divorce or [[Khul']] or court or any other way), as husbands are fully allowed to beat their wives in Islam. Even the Islamic courts are also not allowed to give her her freedom (except that any part of her body is broken during the beating). | *Firstly, according to this hadith, the husband beat her so brutally that her skin became green (she got bruises), but she was still unable to get freedom from him (through divorce or [[Khul']] or court or any other way), as husbands are fully allowed to beat their wives in Islam. Even the Islamic courts are also not allowed to give her her freedom (except that any part of her body is broken during the beating). | ||
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*And 'Aisha testified that after the arrival of Islam, the Muslim men used to beat the women much more brutally as compared to the pre Islamic period (i.e. Kafir husbands didn't beat their wives so brutally as Muslim husbands beat them). | *And 'Aisha testified that after the arrival of Islam, the Muslim men used to beat the women much more brutally as compared to the pre Islamic period (i.e. Kafir husbands didn't beat their wives so brutally as Muslim husbands beat them). | ||
*And we see that the Lady loved her first husband and she wanted to reunite with him through Halala, as Islam didn't permit her to directly wed he ex-husband without Halala. | *And we see that the Lady loved her first husband and she wanted to reunite with him through Halala, as Islam didn't permit her to directly wed he ex-husband without Halala. | ||
*And the risks of Halala became true for that lady, as | *And the risks of Halala became true for that lady, as her 2nd husband turned out to be an abusive person. He didn't give her divorce, despite knowing this fact very well that she didn't love him, but she loved her ex-husband only. | ||
*And in such cases, not only one family is destroyed, but both the families are destroyed. The house of first husband is destroyed, while the children are without the mother. And the house of 2nd husband is destroyed while there is no peace there and this house becomes the the center of beating for the woman. | *And in such cases, not only one family is destroyed, but both the families are destroyed. The house of first husband is destroyed, while the children are without the mother. And the house of 2nd husband is destroyed while there is no peace there and this house becomes the the center of beating for the woman. | ||
*The children from the first husband are certainly going to be disturbed to see their mother to be tortured in this way. | *The children from the first husband are certainly going to be disturbed to see their mother to be tortured in this way. | ||
*And it is only the woman who has to undergo and face all these difficulties alone. Either it is the period of 3 menstrual cycles during the process of first divorce (where woman is alone in the house, but husband is allowed to enjoy his other wives and the slave-women) or it is the 'Iddah of 3 menstrual cycles after the divorce, or it is marrying the 2nd husband, and then providing him the sex services, and then again going through the process of 2nd divorce and then 2nd Iddah. Please read the [['Iddah (Female Menstrual Waiting Period)|'Iddah]] article for more details. | *And it is only the woman who has to undergo and face all these difficulties alone. Either it is the period of 3 menstrual cycles during the process of first divorce (where woman is alone in the house, but husband is allowed to enjoy his other wives and the slave-women) or it is the 'Iddah of 3 menstrual cycles after the divorce, or it is marrying the 2nd husband, and then providing him the sex services, and then again going through the process of 2nd divorce and then 2nd Iddah. Please read the [['Iddah (Female Menstrual Waiting Period)|'Iddah]] article for more details. In this whole process, man is free to enjoy his other wives and the slave-women. | ||
==What is the LOGIC behind Halala?== | ==What is the LOGIC behind Halala?== | ||
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*What is the logic behind Halala? | *What is the logic behind Halala? | ||
*And how Halala is going to solve the problems between the husband and the wife | *And how Halala is going to solve the problems between the husband and the wife? | ||
*And how Halala is going to secure the interests of the children? | |||
Islam advocates give the following logic behind Halala. | Islam advocates give the following logic behind Halala. | ||
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*It is the wife, who has to first face the hardships of process of divorce (which is 3 menstrual cycles long). In this period, she has to stay in the house of husband, but he would neither touch her, not show her any love. She is in a solitary confinement like situation. | *It is the wife, who has to first face the hardships of process of divorce (which is 3 menstrual cycles long). In this period, she has to stay in the house of husband, but he would neither touch her, not show her any love. She is in a solitary confinement like situation. | ||
*Then after the divorce, she again has to suffer alone the difficulties of 'Iddah for 3 more menstrual cycles, where she is again in a solitary confinement like situation, and could not fulfill her sexual desires, or to get the love and attention of any other | *Then after the divorce, she again has to suffer alone the difficulties of 'Iddah for 3 more menstrual cycles, where she is again in a solitary confinement like situation, and could not fulfill her sexual desires, or to get the love and attention of any other man | ||
*And if the 2nd husband is an evil person, and he wants to keep her against her wishes, then he is going to beat her whole of her life and keep on playing with her body against her will for the rest of her life. | *Then she has to go through the hardships of marrying another man, and let him play with her body against her wish. And then comes again the 6 months long process of 2nd Talaq and 2nd 'Iddah. | ||
*And if the 2nd husband is an evil abusive person, and he wants to keep her against her wishes, then he is going to beat her whole of her life and keep on playing with her body against her will for the rest of her life, and she is never going to be reunited with her children. | |||
*And despite being innocent, she also has to face the hatred of whole Islamic society, which deems Halala to be against the modesty of a woman. | *And despite being innocent, she also has to face the hatred of whole Islamic society, which deems Halala to be against the modesty of a woman. | ||
*And it also lowers the status of the innocent woman in the eyes of her 1st husband, and he might not love her as before, or even deny to remarry her. | *And it also lowers the status of the innocent woman in the eyes of her 1st husband, and he might not love her as before, or even deny to remarry her. | ||
*And what about the children? Why do they have to bear the hardships of being separated from their mother (when she goes to the house of 2nd husband according to the Islamic law) | *And what about the children? Why do they have to bear the hardships of being separated from their mother (when she goes to the house of 2nd husband according to the Islamic law)? | ||
===(2) Halala was introduced in order that men don't take divorce lightly=== | ===(2) Halala was introduced in order that men don't take divorce lightly=== | ||
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*Halala is still a big risk for the woman and the children. | *Halala is still a big risk for the woman and the children. | ||
* | *What if the husband does not think carefully, and still divorces her in anger, then it is she who has to suffer a lot of hardships and her life is going to be ruined, along with the family life of the children. | ||
*She either has to separate herself from her children, or to give up her right of fulfilling her sexual desires and have love and attention of a man in her life. | *She either has to separate herself from her children, or to give up her right of fulfilling her sexual desires and have love and attention of a man in her life. | ||
*And what is wrong if the husband divorces her in the morning, and then takes her back in the evening with the mutual consent. Let them divorce each other thousands of times and then reuniting with each other's mutual consent again and again in the evening. Such a reuniting is not harming anyone. But Halala closed this door of reunification and it caused a damage to the women and the children. | |||
*And what is wrong if the husband divorces her in the morning, and then takes her back in the evening with the mutual consent. Let them divorce each other thousands of times and then reuniting with each other's mutual consent again and again. Such a reuniting is not harming anyone. But Halala closed this door of | |||
===(3) The husband and the wife had to think about the consequences during the process of 3 Talaqs=== | ===(3) The husband and the wife had to think about the consequences during the process of 3 Talaqs=== | ||
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*What is the guarantee that the dispute between the husband and the wife '''is going to be over within 3 months'''? | *What is the guarantee that the dispute between the husband and the wife '''is going to be over within 3 months'''? | ||
*Is it not possible that they need more time to learn their lesson? | *Is it not possible that they need more time to learn their lesson? For example, what if the husband learns his lesson after 1 year that it was his mistake to divorce his wife? So, what could be done in this case? In simple words, limiting this problem within 3 menstrual cycles is not a wisdom, but a blunder. Some people, sometimes need some more time to learn their lessons than 3 months. | ||
*Moreover, it has been seen that the disputes are also solved if the couples don't stay under one roof, but take a break from each other. But in an Islamic divorce, the wife is forced to stay in the house of her husband during the whole divorce process (which is about 3 months long), along with their children. | *Moreover, it has been seen that the disputes are also solved if the couples don't stay under one roof, but take a break from each other. In this case, one partner learns the lesson due to the separation of the children, while the other partner learns the lesson when he/she has to look after the children alone. But in an Islamic system of divorce, the wife is forced to stay in the house of her husband during the whole divorce process (which is about 3 months long), along with their children. This is sometimes not enough for them to learn their lessons. | ||
*Human logic guides that the pair should be given as much longer time as they wish/need to overcome their disputes. This is always a much better option than any permanent separation in name of Halala. | *Human logic guides us that the pair should be given as much longer time as they wish/need to overcome their disputes and learn the lesson. This is always a much better option than any permanent separation in name of Halala. | ||
==A Muslim Owner could destroy the family of his slave-woman and | ==A Muslim Owner could destroy the family of his slave-woman and made her Halal for him as many times as he wishes== | ||
Moreover: | Moreover: | ||
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This becomes a sort of 'double standards' here: | This becomes a sort of 'double standards' here: | ||
*On one side, there is a free man and a free woman, who want to again begin their family life along with their children, with each | *On one side, there is a free man and a free woman, who want to again begin their family life along with their children, with each other's mutual consent, but this door is closed upon them in name of Halala. | ||
*While on the -other hand, there is a slave-woman, who wants to live in a family life modestly with her slave-husband, but she is forced against her will, to leave her husband, and to to go to the owner, who rapes her again against her consent. | *While on the -other hand, there is a slave-woman, who wants to live in a family life modestly with her slave-husband, but she is forced against her will, to leave her husband, and to to go to the owner, who rapes her again against her consent. | ||