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Child Marriage in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions
→Analysis of Verse in Arabic
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The imperfective aspect, according to traditional understanding of classical Arabic grammar, by itself lacks any tense feature (as is true of other classical Semetic languages such as Hebrew). <ref name="EB" /> The tensed negatives like ''lam'' ( <font size="3">لَمْ </font> ) (negation in past tense), ''lan'' ( <font size="3">لن</font> ) (negation in future tense), ''laa'' ( <font size="3">لَ</font> ) (negation in present tense) combined with imperfective (in different moods) to decide the tense in this case. | The imperfective aspect, according to traditional understanding of classical Arabic grammar, by itself lacks any tense feature (as is true of other classical Semetic languages such as Hebrew). <ref name="EB" /> The tensed negatives like ''lam'' ( <font size="3">لَمْ </font> ) (negation in past tense), ''lan'' ( <font size="3">لن</font> ) (negation in future tense), ''laa'' ( <font size="3">لَ</font> ) (negation in present tense) combined with imperfective (in different moods) to decide the tense in this case. | ||
Thus ''lam | Thus ''lam Yadrus لم يدرس'' = He did not study. | ||
In the verse 65:4, '''''Lam Yaĥiđna'' لم يحضن= 'those who did not menstruate'.''' | In the verse 65:4, '''''Lam Yaĥiđna'' لم يحضن= 'those who did not menstruate'.''' | ||
لإhe imperfective verb in the with the negation particle ''lam'' ( <font size="3">لَمْ </font> ) (indicating a past-tense meaning) is in the [[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] mood(يعني المضارع المجزوم). <ref name="EB" /> | |||
{{Quote||'''The mood is similar to the cohortative mood, in that it expresses plea, insistence, imploring, self-encouragement, wish, desire, intent, command, purpose or consequence.''' In some languages, the two are distinguished in that cohortative occurs in the first person and the jussive in the second or third. It is found in Arabic, where it is called the مجزوم, majzum. The rules governing the jussive in Arabic are somewhat complex. <ref>[[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] - Wikipedia</ref>|}} | {{Quote||'''The mood is similar to the cohortative mood, in that it expresses plea, insistence, imploring, self-encouragement, wish, desire, intent, command, purpose or consequence.''' In some languages, the two are distinguished in that cohortative occurs in the first person and the jussive in the second or third. It is found in Arabic, where it is called the مجزوم, majzum. The rules governing the jussive in Arabic are somewhat complex. <ref>[[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] - Wikipedia</ref>|}} | ||
Supporting these meanings, from Lane's lexicon, ''Lam'' ({{arabic| | Supporting these meanings, from Lane's lexicon, ''Lam'' ({{arabic|لم }}) means 'not': | ||
{{Quote|1=Lane's Lexicon for ''Lam''|2=Lam = ل | {{Quote|1=Lane's Lexicon for ''Lam''|2=Lam = ل | ||
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Lane's Lexicon, Volume 2, page: 322, 323<ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/9_HAA.htm ح = Ha] - StudyQuran</ref>}} | Lane's Lexicon, Volume 2, page: 322, 323<ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/9_HAA.htm ح = Ha] - StudyQuran</ref>}} | ||
*It thus follows that 65:4 is describing the state of women have not yet menstruated, which would logically include children or girls before puberty or attainment of [[w:menarche|menarche]] (first period). | |||
*It | |||
Therefore, the exact translation of this portion of {{Quran|65|4}} is ''"Not menstruated yet"'' ( <font size="4">لَمْ يَحِضْنَ</font> ). In Arabic, the menstruating process is called HaiD( <font size="4">حيض</font> ). It is possible to turn this noun into its verb form. Like we do it with menstruation, "menstruate" is yaHiD( <font size="4">يَحِض</font> ). But it is LAM ( <font size="4">لَمْ </font> ) that appears before yaHiD and the NA ( <font size="4">نَ</font> ) associated with yaHiD and this puts Islamic apologists in a quandary because it cannot have any other meaning than ''“Not menstruated yet”''. This is the appropriate English translation. | Therefore, the exact translation of this portion of {{Quran|65|4}} is ''"Not menstruated yet"'' ( <font size="4">لَمْ يَحِضْنَ</font> ). In Arabic, the menstruating process is called HaiD( <font size="4">حيض</font> ). It is possible to turn this noun into its verb form. Like we do it with menstruation, "menstruate" is yaHiD( <font size="4">يَحِض</font> ). But it is LAM ( <font size="4">لَمْ </font> ) that appears before yaHiD and the NA ( <font size="4">نَ</font> ) associated with yaHiD and this puts Islamic apologists in a quandary because it cannot have any other meaning than ''“Not menstruated yet”''. This is the appropriate English translation. | ||